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Charette family

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Charette family
CountryBrittany (Nantes)
Historic seat16th century - present day
TitlesState Councillor
Seneschal of Nantes
Councillor to the Parliament of Brittany
Councillor and President of the Brittany Chamber of Accounts
Lieutenant General of the Presidial Court of Nantes
Mayor of Nantes
Minister
Deputy
Regional Councillor
Military duties: King Louis XIII page; Officers
Connected membersde La Contrie
de La Gascherie
de La Colinière
de la Bretonnière
MottoD'argent au lion de sable, armé
et lampassé de gueules,
accompagné en pointe de trois
canettes de sable, membrées
et becquées de gueules.
(Argent, a lion Sable, armed
and langued Gules,
in base three cans Sable,
limbed and beaked Gules.)
Estate(s)Kingdom of France

The Charette family represents a surviving lineage of the French nobility [fr], classified as nobility of extraction [fr]. The family's origins are in Brittany.

The group includes mayors, seneschals, and magistrates from Nantes, as well as other magistrates from the Parliament and Chamber of Accounts of Brittany. It also comprises a State Councillor, military officers, the Vendée leader François Athanase Charette de La Contrie, and Hervé de Charette, a minister under the Fifth Republic.

History

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Origins

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The Charette family is documented in the province of Brittany, specifically in the city of Nantes and its surrounding areas, including the communes of Sautron and Couffé.

However, studies by authors and genealogists differ regarding its origins and the source of its nobility. Henri Jougla de Morenas [fr] (1938) notes that the family has been known since the 14th century.[1]

In their respective works, Michel de Saint Pierre [fr] (1977), Roger Coindreau, and André Borel d'Hauterive posit that in 1370, Jean Charette, a resident of Trévignet in the vicinity of Plermoël, was knighted on the battlefield at Chisey in Poitou by Constable Bertrand du Guesclin (1320–1380).[2][3][4] Additionally, Borel d'Hauterive (1851) posits that the family may have originated in Italy, descending from a son of Galeas Carretto [fr], Marquis of Finale, who settled in Brittany in 1240. This ancestor is said to have married Jeanne Dubois de la Salle, a lady-in-waiting to Alix, Duchess of Brittany. In addition, he is believed to have received lands in Trévignet from Pierre de Dreux, who was known as Mauclerc. Their descendant, Guyon Charette, Lord of Trévignet, is thought to have adopted the French name "Charette" and to have served as seneschal of Nantes.[2]

In the 1840 publication Nobiliaire et armorial de Bretagne by Pol Potier de Courcy [fr], a genealogist of Breton nobility, the following is written: In 1508, Pierre had a son, Jean, with Jacquette de Barlagat, a native of the Auverné region. Jean married Mathurine du Beyzit, a native of the parish of Saint-Dolay, in 1535. Their union resulted in the establishment of the Charette family, which would go on to encompass numerous branches. Since 1572, this family has produced an auditor, two masters, and the first president of the Chamber of Accounts; provosts, magistrates, seneschals, and seven mayors of Nantes; twenty deputies from Nantes to the Estates of Brittany, several of whom were presidents of the Third Estate; and six counselors in Parliament. "A page of Louis XIII, who was killed at the siege of Gravelines in 1614 while fighting alongside Marshal de la Meilleraye; a knight of the Order in 1646; an abbess of the Trinity of Poitiers in 1692;[5][6][7] and three Knights of Malta [fr] since 1762." Furthermore, the same source indicates that "This family appears to have originated from the same lineage as the lords of Trévignet, in the parish of La Chapelle, and Penhoat, in the parish of Fégréac, known as Charette. They are documented in the Reformation and Musters of the Nobility between 1426 and 1543 in La Chapelle-sous-Ploërmel and Fégréac."

Gustave Chaix d'Est-Ange [fr] wrote in 1911: "[...] It is generally supposed, though without certain evidence, that the currently existing Charette family shares a common origin with a family of the same name that, during the Middle Ages, owned the noble house of Trévignet, in the parish of La Chapelle-sous-Ploërmel."[8] He continues: "There has also been an attempt, again without any proof, to trace the Charette family of Trévignet back to the Carretto [fr] family, which held a distinguished position in Florence."[8] He further adds: "[...] The Charette family of Trévignet is known starting with a certain N. Charette, lord of Trévignet, who lived in 1334. The descendants of this gentleman appeared in the reformation and musters of the nobility of the Saint-Malo diocese from 1426 to 1543 and became extinct around the mid-16th century."[8] Chaix d'Est-Ange begins the lineage of the Charette family with Guillaume Charette, who married Mathée de Nault and, around 1400, owned the estate of La Thomazière in the parish of Sautron, in the Nantes diocese.[8] He lists the key family members up to the 16th century and writes: "(...) The nobiliary status of these various individuals does not seem to have been very elevated. One might wonder whether, despite the judgment of confirmation of nobility in 1668, the Charette family did not derive its noble status merely from the mayoralty of Nantes or the offices its members held starting in 1572 at the Chamber of Accounts of Brittany [fr]."[8]

Proofs of nobility

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Regarding the nobility of the Charette family, Régis Valette [fr] (2002) writes: "extraction, confirmed in 1668."[9][N 1]

The family obtained two confirmations of nobility [fr]:[8]

The Charette Family in Nantes

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Since the sixteenth century, numerous members of the family have occupied a variety of roles in Nantes. Two family members were appointed as counselors at the Parliament of Brittany.[8][10]

  • Jean de Charette, squire, lord of La Bretonnière, husband of Mathurine du Bézit, royal counselor, alloué (assistant) to the lieutenant general at the presiding seat of Nantes.
    • Jean (de) Charette, lord of La Colinière and La Lormière, husband of Marguerite de Trégouet.
      • Alexandre Charette [fr], lord of La Noë and du Pellan, was the seneschal of Nantes and mayor of Nantes from 1619 to 1621.
      • Louis Charette [fr], lord of La Colinière, was mayor of Nantes from 1613 to 1614, husband of Jeanne Ernault.
        • Jean (de) Charette [fr], lord of La Gascherie, was mayor of Nantes from 1650 to 1652, and husband of Madeleine Menardeau.
          • Louis (de) Charette [fr], lord of La Gascherie, was mayor of Nantes from 1675 to 1676, husband of Madeleine Charette, daughter of Jacques Charette, lord of Montbert.
    • Jean (de) Charette, Lord of La Bretonnière and La Lormière, Lieutenant General at the presidial court of Nantes, married Julienne Druays in 1564.
      • René Charette [fr], Lord of La Bretonnière, Counselor at the Parliament of Brittany in 1598 and mayor of Nantes in 1609, grandfather of:
        • René Charette [fr], Lord of La Bretonnière: Mayor of Nantes in 1635, husband of Charlotte de Cornulier.
  • Julien (de) Charette, Sénéchal of Nantes during the Wars of the League.
  • Jean (de) Charette, Lord of Lormière and La Colinière, auditor at the Chamber of Accounts in Nantes in 1572, promoted to master counselor in 1587, husband of Marguerite de Trégouet.
  • Raoul (de) Charette, advocate General at the Chamber of Accounts in Nantes in 1581, provost of Nantes in 1602.[11]

Other Notable Figures of the Ancien Régime

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During the War of the Vendée

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François-Athanase Charette de La Contrie (1763-1796).
  • Louis Marin Charette de La Contrie [fr] (1759–1796): Brother of François Athanase. A lieutenant before 1789, he became a Vendéen combatant and divisional leader. He was killed in action in 1796.[13]

19th century

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  • Athanase de Charette de La Contrie (1832-1911).
    Athanase de Charette de La Contrie (1832-1911).
  • The Charette de La Contrie brothers, Papal Zouaves.
    The Charette de La Contrie brothers, Papal Zouaves.

Since the 20th century

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Family alliances

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The principal alliances of this family are:

Montmorency (1752), Cornulier [fr], Bretagne-Avaugour [fr], Rohan, Clisson [fr], La Trémoille, Cambout [fr], Aubigny, Bedford, L'Épervier, La Poëze [fr], Jochaud du Plessix, La Bourdonnaye [fr], Monti, Poullain [fr], Bureau [fr], Sapinaud de La Rairie, Becdelièvre [fr], Bourbon (1827), Montesquiou-Fezensac (1851), von Hanau, La Roche Saint-André [fr], Cambout de Coislin [fr], Fitz-James (1862), Goyon-Matignon [fr] (1863), Bourbon-Busset (1866), Durfort Civrac de Lorge (1872), Poulpiquet du Halgouët [fr] (1909), Guigné (1910),[24] Tardif de Moidrey, Bardon de Segonzac, Montmorillon, Harcourt (1960), La Barre de Nanteuil [fr] (1977), Maupeou d'Ableiges (2018), Le Tourneux de La Perraudière, among others.

Residences

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  • La Contrie Castle
    La Contrie Castle
  • Bretonnière Castle.
    Bretonnière Castle.
  • Bois-Briand Castle.
    Bois-Briand Castle.
  • Comper Castle.
    Comper Castle.
  • Gascherie Castle.
    Gascherie Castle.
  • Collinière Castle.
    Collinière Castle.
  • Briord Castle.
    Briord Castle.
  • Chauvelière Castle.
    Chauvelière Castle.
  • Pont-Hus Castle.
    Pont-Hus Castle.

Arms, Mottoes, and Titles

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Arms

Blazon: Argent, a lion sable armed and langued gules, accompanied by three canettes (alternatively aiglettes or aigrettes) sable, beaked and membered gules, arranged 2 and 1 (or in point).[8][9]

Support: Two crowned lions.

Title: Regular baron since 1823.

Ornament: The escutcheon is surrounded by a mantle of a Peer of France.

Armorial

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The arms of this family vary according to branch and herald.

Figure Coat of arms
Charette family

Blazon: Argent, a lion cub sable in chief, accompanied in base by three merlettes sable arranged 2 and 1.[26]

Blazon: Argent, a lion sable armed and langued gules, accompanied in base by three canettes sable, beaked and membered gules.[27]

Charette de La Contrie

Blazon: Argent, a lion sable supported by three canettes sable arranged 2 and 1.[28][29]

Other versions:

Argent, a lion sable armed and langued gules, accompanied in base by three aiglettes sable, beaked and membered gules, arranged 2 and 1.[30]

Argent, a lion sable armed and langued gules, accompanied by three aiglettes sable, beaked and membered gules. The cadet branches bear a label gules.[31]

Argent, a lion sable armed and langued gules, accompanied by three merlettes sable arranged 2 and 1.[32]

Charette de La Gascherie

Blazon: Argent, a lion sable accompanied by three canettes sable, two in chief and one in base.

Ornament: Marquis crown and two lions as supporters.

Other versions: Sometimes aiglettes are depicted as birds.[29]

Charette de Montbert

Blazon: Argent, a lion sable supported by three displayed eagles sable arranged 2 and 1.

Other versions: Argent, three eagles sable, beaked and membered gules, with a lion rampant sable in chief.[32] The escutcheon azure.[29]

Charette de La Bretonnière

Variations include:

Charette de La Colinière
  • Curious Case: François-Marie Charette de La Colinière, son of René Charette and Renée Le Brun, bore:

Or a cart Gules.[29] This canting arms (Charette ⇒ Charette) prefigured the cart symbol used by the Vendée leader.[29]

Charette de La Joue
  • Louis Charette, Seigneur de La Joue, displayed three aigrettes aligned in a single row instead of the typical 2 and 1 arrangement.[29]

Legacy

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Recent works and the 2023 film Vaincre ou Mourir [fr] commemorate François Athanase Charette de La Contrie.[33]

Notes

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  1. ^ Extracted families [fr] are those who prove their nobility at least a century before the date of the nobility maintenance judgment (in 1666, when the great nobility searches [fr] began, nobility had to be proven since at least 1560).

References

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  1. ^ a b Jougla de Morenas, Henri (1938). Grand Armorial de France, Tome II [Grand Armorial de France, Volume II] (PDF) (in French). Société du Grand armorial de France. pp. 394–395. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Borel d'Hauterive, André (1851). Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe, Volume 8 [Directory of the nobility of France and the sovereign houses of Europe, Volume 8] (in French). Champion. pp. 294–297.
  3. ^ de Saint Pierre, Michel (1977). Monsieur de Charette : chevalier du Roi [Monsieur de Charette: knight of the King] (in French). Éditions de la Table ronde. p. 409.
  4. ^ Coindreau, Roger (1962). Charette officier de Marine [Charette naval officer] (in French). Revue du Bas Poitou et des Provinces de l'Ouest.
  5. ^ "Nobiliaire et armorial de Bretagne/C 1890 (1, p. 189-317)" [Nobiliary and armorial of Brittany/C 1890 (1, p. 189-317).] (in French). Archived from the original on October 28, 2016.
  6. ^ "Nobiliaire et armorial de Bretagne, par Potier de Courcy, Pol Louis, 1815-1891, 1890" [Nobility and armorial of Brittany, by Potier de Courcy, Pol Louis, 1815-1891, 1890] (in French). Rennes, J. Plihon et L. Hervé. 1890.
  7. ^ Viton de Saint-Allais, Nicolas (1839). L'Ordre de Malte, ses grands maîtres et ses chevaliers [The Order of Malta, its Grand Masters and Knights] (in French). Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Chaix d'Est-Ange 1911, pp. 16–20
  9. ^ a b Valette, Régis (2007). Catalogue de la noblesse française [French nobility catalog] (in French). Robert Laffont. p. 60.
  10. ^ "Charette, Une dynastie de maires" [Charette, A dynasty of mayors]. patrimonia.nantes.fr (in French). Archived from the original on October 27, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c Chaix d'Est-Ange 1903, p. 18
  12. ^ Touchard-Lafosse, Georges (1856). La Loire historique, pittoresque et biographique : de la source de ce fleuve à son embouchure dans l'océan, Volume 5 [The historical, picturesque and biographical Loire: from the source of this river to its mouth in the ocean, Volume 5] (in French). Adolphe Delahays, libraire. p. 449.
  13. ^ Collectif (1898). L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs & curieux, Volume 40 [The Intermediary of Researchers & Curious, Volume 40] (in French). Intermédiaire des chercheurs & curieux.
  14. ^ Manach, Daniel; Sementéry, Michel (1997). La descendance de Charles X, roi de France [The descendants of Charles X, King of France] (in French). Paris: Christian. p. 16.
  15. ^ Blanchet, Adolphe (1873). La Branche aînée des Bourbons, le comte de Chambord et l'adultère [The Elder Branch of the Bourbons, the Comte de Chambord and adultery] (in French). Lausanne: Imprimerie L. Vincent. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023.
  16. ^ de Reiset, Tony-Henri-Auguste (1905). Les enfants du Duc de Berry : d'aprés de nouveaux documents [The Duc de Berry's children: from new documents] (in French). Paris: Émile-Paul.
  17. ^ de La Roque, Louis (1890). Le Bulletin héraldique de France : Revue historique de la noblesse, volume IX [The Heraldic Bulletin of France: Historical review of the nobility, volume IX] (in French). imprimerie générale du Sud Ouest. pp. 695–703.
  18. ^ Robert, Adolphe; Cougny, Gaston (1891). Dictionnaire des parlementaires français [Dictionary of French parliamentarians] (in French). Edgar Bourloton. pp. 52–53. OCLC 2539890.
  19. ^ Coulombe, Charles A. (2008). The Pope's legion. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 49–52. ISBN 978-0-230-60058-4.
  20. ^ "De Charette de la Contrie Jean Gaston Marie Joseph 1939-1945, MémorialGenWeb Fiche individuelle" [De Charette de la Contrie Jean Gaston Marie Joseph 1939-1945, MémorialGenWeb Individual file]. www.memorialgenweb.org (in French). Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  21. ^ "Enseigner la mémoire ? - Histoire et mémoire de la déportation - Témoignage de Raymond Gourlin mis en ligne par Jean-Pierre Husson" [Teaching memory? - History and memory of the deportation - Testimony of Raymond Gourlin uploaded by Jean-Pierre Husson]. pedagogie.ac-reims.fr (in French). Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  22. ^ "Benoît de Charrette, nouveau président de la Cité des vins et des Climats de Bourgogne" [Benoît de Charrette, new president of the Cité des vins et des Climats de Bourgogne]. Le journal de Saône-et-Loire (in French). March 16, 2021. Archived from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  23. ^ "Laurence de Charette, directrice adjointe de la rédaction, de l'audiovisuel et des réseaux sociaux du Figaro" [Laurence de Charette, deputy director of editorial, audiovisual and social networks at Le Figaro.]. Stratégies (in French). July 20, 2022. Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
  24. ^ Chaix d'Est-Ange 1911, p. 20
  25. ^ "Dossier de protection Mérimée, PA00109878, Manoir de la Bussonnière, ministère français de la culture" [Dossier de protection Mérimée, PA00109878, Manoir de la Bussonnière, French Ministry of Culture] (in French). Archived from the original on December 1, 2020.
  26. ^ Frotier de La Messelière, Henri (1976). Filiations bretonnes, 1650-1912 : recueil des filiations directes des représentants actuels des familles nobles, de bourgeoisie armoriée ou le plus fréquemment alliées à la noblesse, d'origine bretonne ou résidant actuellement en Bretagne, depuis leur plus ancien auteur vivant en 1650, Volume 6 [Breton filiations, 1650-1912: collection of direct filiations of current representatives of noble families, of armored bourgeoisie or most frequently allied to the nobility, of Breton origin or currently residing in Brittany, since their oldest living author in 1650, Volume 6] (in French). J. Floch.
  27. ^ d'Hozier, Charles (1696). Armorial général de France [General Armorial of France] (in French). Vol. III. p. 89. Archived from the original on April 2, 2023.
  28. ^ "Lion: d'argent au lion de sable" [Lion: Argent, a lion sable]. blason-armoiries.org (in French).
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Cercle Charette, site de la famille Charette de la Contrie et de ses alliés" [Cercle Charette, website about the Charette de la Contrie family and its allies] (in French). Archived from the original on February 2, 2012.
  30. ^ Velde, François (September 27, 2005). "Armory of the French Hereditary Peerage (1814-30)". www.heraldica.org. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016.
  31. ^ Jullien de Courcelles, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre (1826). Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du Royaume, et des maisons princières de l'Europe. Précédé de la généalogie de la maison de France. Volume 6 [Genealogical and heraldic history of the peers of France, the great dignitaries of the crown, the main noble families of the Kingdom, and the princely houses of Europe. Preceded by the genealogy of the House of France. Volume 6] (in French). pp. 136–137.
  32. ^ a b Rietstap, Jean-Baptiste (1884). Armorial général : précédé d'un dictionnaire des Termes du blason [General Armorial: preceded by a dictionary of blazon terms] (in French). Gouda, G. B. van Goor Zonen. p. 404.
  33. ^ "Le Puy du Fou se lance dans le cinéma avec Vaincre ou mourir, sur les guerres de Vendée" [Le Puy du Fou launches into cinema with Vaincre ou mourir, about the Vendée wars]. BFM TV (in French). Archived from the original on March 17, 2022.

Bibliography

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