Draft:1983 Hebron University attack
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The 1983 Hebron University attack was a shooting carried by the Jewish Underground at Hebron University, Palestine, on 26 July 1983.
Background
[edit]Jewish Underground Hebron University Israeli–Palestinian conflict in Hebron
Events
[edit]Shooting
[edit]Investigations and trial
[edit]Reactions
[edit]In Palestine
[edit]A number of protests and strikes broke out across the West Bank in response to the shooting. On 27 July, at least four Birzeit University students were injured as a demonstration clashed with Israeli military forces.[10] In response to the protests, the Israeli military imposed a curfew on Hebron.[11]
On 1 August, the Israeli military lifted the curfew on Hebron. The same day, Israeli military courts began court proceedings against 26 Birzeit University students who had been arrested during the protests.[12] The day after, two of the students were sentenced to nine months incarceration each for their participation in the protests.[13]
In Israel
[edit]A number of Arab localities in Israel held a two-hour strike in protest against the shootings on 29 July.[11]
Former Shin Bet director Avraham Ahituv published an article in Davar in response the attack calling Israeli settlements a "psychological hothouse for the growth of Jewish terror" and stated that violent settlers felt like they had the government's support.[14] In responses, the Gush Emunim movement called the article "a danger to the nation’s security."[14]
On 21 September 1983, University of Bridgeport international law professor Richard Arens accused Israeli Minister of Defence Moshe Arens, his brother, of failing to investigate the attack.[15]
International
[edit]Spokesperson for the United States Department of State John Hughes stated that the US "deplores this criminal act and condemns terrorism from any corner" and urged "all in the area to be calm and refrain from further acts of violence."[16] Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations Michalis Doundas described the attack as a "cowardly act of violence" and called for the Israeli government to "ensure that such criminal acts against the local Arab population are not repeated in the future."[17]
In response to the attack, the United Nations Security Council held a debate on the situation in the West Bank.[18]
Aftermath
[edit]In May 1988, as part of the 40th anniversary of Israeli independence celebrations, President of Israel Chaim Herzog signed an executive order reducing the sentences of the three convicted for the attack to 15 years. Israeli Minister of Justice Avraham Sharir had recommended full pardons.[19] In December 1990, all three were released from prison. After being released, Menachem Livni claimed that he was "an innocent citizen who has fulfilled his obligations under extreme circumstances and worst of all was arrested and made a victim in prison."[20]
In December 2015, Shaul Nir and his wife were injured in a drive-by shooting while driving on Highway 55 near the Israeli settlement of Avnei Hefetz.[21]
References
[edit]- ^ Bernstein, Richard (8 July 1983). "ISRAELI STUDENT IS SLAIN IN HEBRON; ARAB MAYOR AND COUNCIL OUSTED". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ Laytner, Mel (26 July 1983). "Masked gunmen fired automatic rifles and hurled hand grenades..." UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ Bernstein, Richard (27 July 1983). "3 SLAIN AS GUNMEN ATTACK HEBRON ISLAMIC COLLEGE". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Eyewitness Report a Murderous Attack in Hebron". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 27 July 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Full-scale Probe Launched into the Killing of Three Arab Students at a College in Hebron". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 28 July 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Israeli authorities said Sunday they have caught the killers..." UPI. 20 November 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "3 Jewish Underground Defendants on Hunger Strike in Their Prison Cells". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 31 October 1984. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (11 July 1985). "JEWISH SETTLERS ARE CONVICTED IN TERROR CASES". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "3 Jewish Terrorists Get Life, 12 Others Receive Light Terms : Court in Israel Issues Sentences for Anti-Arab Attacks". Los Angeles Times. 22 July 1985. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Wednesday, July 27, 1983". The Palestine Chronology. 27 July 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Arabs in Israel and West Bank Stage Protests Against Attack on Students in Hebron". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 29 July 1983. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ "West Bank Remains Tense". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1 August 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Tuesday, August 2, 1983". The Palestine Chronology. 2 August 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Gush Settlers Incensed over Article Claiming That West Bank Settlements Are a 'hothouse' for 'jewish". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 23 August 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Arens' Brother Delivers a Scathing Attack on Israel". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 21 September 1983. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Says Hebron Attack Was a 'criminal Act'". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 27 July 1983. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ "Situation in the OPT/Islamic University of Hebron – Letter from Greece". United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. 2 August 1983. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ "Arabs, Third World Countries in UN Seeking to Condemn Israel for Attack on Students in Hebron". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 3 August 1983. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ Fisher, Dan (21 May 1988). "Israel Cuts Sentences of 3 Jewish Terrorists : Herzog Commutes Life Terms to 15 Years for Settlers Convicted of Killing 3 Arab Students". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Last three members of Jewish terror underground released". UPI. 26 December 1990. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ Levinson, Chaim (9 December 2015). "Former member of Jewish Underground, wife wounded in West Bank shooting attack". Haaretz. Retrieved 28 November 2024.