3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
	Other names 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	102-32-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:41941 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1284 ;
ChemSpider	532 ;
DrugBank	DB01702 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.750
KEGG	C01161 ;
MeSH	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic+Acid
PubChem CID	547;
UNII	KEX5N0R4N5 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9074430 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c9-6-2-1-5(3-7(6)10)4-8(11)12/h1-3,9-10H,4H2,(H,11,12) Key: CFFZDZCDUFSOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C8H8O4/c9-6-2-1-5(3-7(6)10)4-8(11)12/h1-3,9-10H,4H2,(H,11,12) Key: CFFZDZCDUFSOFZ-UHFFFAOYAU;
	SMILES O=C(O)Cc1cc(O)c(O)cc1;
Properties
Chemical formula	C8H8O4
Molar mass	168.148 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine can be metabolized into one of three substances. One such substance is DOPAC. Another is 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). Both of these substances are degraded to form homovanillic acid (HVA). Both degradations involve the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), albeit in reverse order: MAO catalyzes dopamine to DOPAC, and COMT catalyzes DOPAC to HVA; whereas COMT catalyzes dopamine to 3-MT and MAO catalyzes 3-MT to HVA. The third metabolic end-product of dopamine is norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

It can also be found in the bark of Eucalyptus globulus.^[1]

This product has been synthesized (52% yield) from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid via aerobic biotransformation using whole cell cultures of Arthrobacter protophormiae.^[2]^[3]

References

^ Santos, Sónia A. O.; Freire, Carmen S. R.; Domingues, M. Rosário M.; Silvestre, Armando J. D.; Neto, Carlos Pascoal (2011). "Characterization of Phenolic Components in Polar Extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Bark by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59 (17): 9386–93. doi:10.1021/jf201801q. PMID 21761864.
^ Robins, Karen T.; Osorio-Lozada, Antonio; Avi, Manuela; Meyer, Hans-Peter (2009). "Lonza: Biotechnology – A Key Ingredient for Success in the Future". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry. 63 (6): 327–330. doi:10.2533/chimia.2009.327.
^ Sutton, Peter; Whittall, John (2012). Practical Methods for Biocatalysis and Biotransformations 2. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 150–153. ISBN 9781119991397.

[1] Santos, Sónia A. O.; Freire, Carmen S. R.; Domingues, M. Rosário M.; Silvestre, Armando J. D.; Neto, Carlos Pascoal (2011). "Characterization of Phenolic Components in Polar Extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Bark by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59 (17): 9386–93. doi:10.1021/jf201801q. PMID 21761864.

[2] Robins, Karen T.; Osorio-Lozada, Antonio; Avi, Manuela; Meyer, Hans-Peter (2009). "Lonza: Biotechnology – A Key Ingredient for Success in the Future". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry. 63 (6): 327–330. doi:10.2533/chimia.2009.327.

[3] Sutton, Peter; Whittall, John (2012). Practical Methods for Biocatalysis and Biotransformations 2. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 150–153. ISBN 9781119991397.

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