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In [[Sikhism]], only [[vegetarian]] food is [[Langar (Sikhism)|served]] in the [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh temple) <ref name="Sgpc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html |title=Only Meat Killed by Ritual (Kutha) Is Banned for a Sikh |publisher=Sgpc.net |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref name="Mosher 108">{{cite book|last= Mosher|first=Lucinda|title=Belonging (Faith in the Neighbourhood) [Paperback] |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HrFYN3IEJ6wC&pg=PR10&dq=Belonging+(Faith+in+the+Neighbourhood)&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=24 November 2010|date=1 June 2005|publisher=Church Publishing Inc |isbn=1-59627-010-1 |page=108|chapter=4 Distance}}</ref> The general consensus is that Sikhs are free to choose whether to adopt a meat diet or not.<ref name="Sgpc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html |title=Eating the meat of an animal slaughtered the Muslim way (Kutha); |publisher=Sgpc.net |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref name="Mosher 108"/> Sikhs, once they become [[Amritdhari]] (baptised) via the [[Amrit Sanskar]] (baptism ceremony), are forbidden from eating [[Kutha meat|Kutha]] or ritually-slaughtered ([[Halal]], [[Kosher]])<ref name="Mosher 108"/> meat<ref name="SekhonSingh2005">{{cite book|last1=Sekhon|first1=Devinder Singh|last2=Singh|first2=|last3=Devinder|first3=|title=Philosophy of Guru Granth Sahib|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LHNrD5PE6OgC|accessdate=26 November 2010|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn=978-81-261-2357-5|pages=143 to 172|chapter=10 Gurmat and Meat}}</ref> because it transgresses one of the four restrictions in the [[Khalsa#Bujjer Kurehits|Sikh Code of Conduct]].<ref>Punjabi-English Dictionary, Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjabi Lexicography, ISBN 81-7380-095-2; Hardcover; 2002-10-01</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kaur|first=Upinder Jit|title=Sikh Religion And Economic Development|year=1990|publisher=National Book Organisation|isbn=9788185135489|page=212}}</ref> According to the [[Akal Takht]] (Central Body for Sikh Temporal Affairs),<ref name="Singh 2001 89">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Dharam|title=Perspectives on Sikhism: Papers Presented at the International Seminar on Sikhism: a Religion for the Third Millennium Held at Punjabi University, Patiala on 27-29 March 2000|year=2001|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi Universit|isbn=9788173807367|page=89}}</ref> Other dietary Sikh practices include Sarbloh Bibek, which translates literally to "all-iron lifestyle", and consists of the use of only iron utensils and strictly eating food prepared by the [[Khalsa]] Sikhs.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|journal=The Sikh Review|year=2005|volume=53|issue=7-12; 619-624|page=135}}</ref> |
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==Disagreement with the ruling== |
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Some religious sects of Sikhism—[[Damdami Taksal]], [[Akhand Kirtani Jatha]], [[Namdhari]]s, [[Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha]]<ref name="Takhar2005">{{cite book|last=Takhar|first=Opinderjit Kaur|title=Sikh identity: an exploration of groups among Sikhs|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aeKWQzesOc4C&pg=PA51|accessdate=26 November 2010|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5202-1|page=51|chapter=2 Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha}}</ref> and the [[3HO]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XsBJnpCwWLYC&pg=PA397&dq=meat+eating+Sikhs#v=onepage&q=&f=false |title=Conscious Eating |first=Gabriel|last=Cousens |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>—believe that the Sikh diet should be meat-free.<ref name="Takhar2005"/> |
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The [[Akhand Kirtani Jatha]] dispute the meaning of the word "[[Kutha meat|kutha]]", claiming it means all meat.<ref name="McLeod2003">{{cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|title=Sikhs of the Khalsa: a history of the Khalsa rahit|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HIrXAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 November 2010|edition=Hardcover|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]|isbn=978-0-19-565916-0|page=185|chapter=6 The Singh Sabha and the Years After}}</ref> However, in mainstream Sikhism this word has been accepted to mean that which has been prepared according to Muslim rituals.<ref name="H. S. Singha & Satwant Kaur Hemkunt 1994">{{cite journal|title=Sikhism, A Complete Introduction |first1=H. S.|last1=Singha |author2= Satwant Kaur Hemkunt |publisher=Hemkunt Press |location=New Delhi|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=5_SirMuPr54C&lpg=PA50&dq=Sikhism%2C%20A%20Complete%20Introduction&client=firefox-a&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=true|format= Limited preview digitized online by Google books |year=1994 |isbn=81-7010-245-6|accessdate=2010-02-07}}</ref> |
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==Guru Granth Sahib== |
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Sikh intellectuals believe that the issue of meat and vegetarianism is addressed in many sections of the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'':<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qw7-kUkHA_0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+Sikh+Gurus+Retold:+1469-1606+C.E&hl=en&ei=gkjtTKXbFcGBhQeT2oDODA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469–1606 C.E |author=Surjit Singh Gandhi |page=95 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> |
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{{Quoter| |
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First Mehl:<br /> |
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The fools argue about flesh and meat, but they know nothing about meditation and spiritual wisdom.<br /> |
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What is called meat, and what is called green vegetables? What leads to sin?<br /> |
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It was the habit of the gods to kill the rhinoceros, and make a feast of the burnt offering.<br /> |
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Those who renounce meat, and hold their noses when sitting near it, devour men at night.<br /> |
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They practice hypocrisy, and make a show before other people, but they do not understand anything about meditation or spiritual wisdom.<br /> |
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O Nanak, what can be said to the blind people? They cannot answer, or even understand what is said.<br /> |
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They alone are blind, who act blindly. They have no eyes in their hearts.<br /> |
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They are produced from the blood of their mothers and fathers, but they do not eat fish or meat.}} |
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<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1289&english=t&id=55405 |title=Guru Granth Sahib |page=1289 |publisher=Sri Granth |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> |
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On the view that eating vegetation would be eating flesh, [[Guru Nanak]] states: |
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{{Quoter| |
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First Mehl:<br /> |
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{{lang-pa|ਪਾਂਡੇ ਤੂ ਜਾਣੈ ਹੀ ਨਾਹੀ ਕਿਥਹੁ ਮਾਸੁ ਉਪੰਨਾ ॥ ਤੋਇਅਹੁ ਅੰਨੁ ਕਮਾਦੁ ਕਪਾਹਾਂ ਤੋਇਅਹੁ ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣੁ ਗੰਨਾ ॥}} |
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O [[Pandit]], you do not know where did flesh originate! It is water where life originated and it is water that sustains all life. It is water that produces grains, sugarcane, cotton and all forms of life. |
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|AGGS, M 1, p 1290.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1290&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0 |title=Guru Granth Sahib |publisher=Sri Granth |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>}} |
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On vegetation, the Guru Granth Sahib described it as living and experiencing pain: |
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{{Quoter| |
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First Mehl:<br /> |
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Look, and see how the sugar-cane is cut down. After cutting away its branches, its feet are bound together into bundles,<br /> |
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and then, it is placed between the wooden rollers and crushed.<br /> |
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What punishment is inflicted upon it! Its juice is extracted and placed in the cauldron; as it is heated, it groans and cries out.<br /> |
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And then, the crushed cane is collected and burnt in the fire below.<br /> |
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Nanak: come, people, and see how the sweet sugar-cane is treated!}} |
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:Page 143 [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=142&english=t&id=5863#l5863 |title=Guru Granth Sahib |pages=142–143|accessdate=25 November 2009}}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=142&english=t&id=5863#l5863 |title=Guru Granth Sahib |pages=201–1377|accessdate=25 November 2009}}</ref> |
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Being a member of a religion incorporates not only one's dietary customs, but the entire way in which devotees govern their lifestyle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0&Param=1289 |title=Guru Granth Sahib |publisher=Srigranth.org |page=1289 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> He advocated a lifestyle consisting of [[Kirat karō|honest, hard work and humility]], [[Naam Japna|focus and remembrance of God]], and [[Vaṇḍ chakkō|compassion for all of humanity]] and all of God's creation. |
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==Langar== |
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{{Main|Langar (Sikhism)}} |
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Within the gurdwara, the Guru ka Langar (Guru's community kitchen) serves purely [[lacto-vegetarian]] food because the Langar is open to all. Since people of many faiths with varying dietary taboos, and since Sikhs accept these restrictions and accommodate people regardless of their faith or culture, the Sikh Gurus adopt vegetarian food for Langar. Meat was included in langar at the time of [[Guru Angad]], but was discontinued to accommodate [[Vaishnavism|Vashnavites]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Prithi Pal |title=The History of Sikh Gurus|publisher=Lotus Press|location=New Delhi|year=2006|pages=38|chapter=3 Guru Amar Das|isbn=81-8382-075-1|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EhGkVkhUuqoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+History+of+Sikh+Gurus+By+Prithi+Pal+Singh#v=onepage&q=&f=false|accessdate=201-02-07}}</ref> The exception to vegetarian langar today is when [[Nihang]]s serve meat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.singhsabha.com/holla_mohalla.htm |title=Holla Mohalla |publisher=Singhsabha.com |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> on the occasion of [[Holla Mohalla]], and call it [[Maha Prashad]]. |
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==Reincarnation== |
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Sikhism argues that the soul can possibly undergo millions of transformations as various forms of life before ultimately becoming human. These life forms could be a rock, vegetation, or an animal. Sikhism does not see a difference between these types of existence,<ref>{{cite book|last=Myrvold|first=Kristina|editor=Kathleen Garces-Foley|title=Death and Religion in a Changing World (Paperback) |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G0R_MMqNxu4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Death+and+Religion+in+a+Changing+World&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=24 November 2010|date=15 October 2005|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1222-4 |page=187|chapter=8 Sikhism and Death}}</ref> however the human has a privileged position compared to other life forms.<ref name="Jagbir">{{cite book | url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=37i7uAYe6QEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Sikhism+Today++By+Jagbir+Jhutti-Joha&hl=en&sa=X&ei=saTrUf7SGuPM0AXyuoCIDg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Sikhism%20Today%20%20By%20Jagbir%20Jhutti-Joha&f=false | title=Sikhism Today (Religion Today) | publisher=Continuum | last=Jhutti-Johal |first = Jagbir | date=6 Feb 2011 | location=English | pages=17 | isbn=1847062725}}</ref> In terms of the Sikh view of [[karma]], human life is seen as being most precious, and animal, vegetable, and mineral all viewed as being equally below human life. Therefore Sikhs view eating an animal is the same as eating a plant or mineral.<ref>{{cite book|last=Morgan|first=Peggy |first2=Clive|last2=Lawton|title=Ethical issues in Six Religious Traditions|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|location=22 George Square, Edinburgh|edition=2nd|pages=144|chapter=6. Questions of Right and Wrong|isbn=978-0-7486-2329-7|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NM8a6x3ykTMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ethical+issues+in+Six+Religious+Traditions&hl=en&ei=p0ntTJC2DYyGhQeFrKjMDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=201-02-07}}</ref> |
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==The Sikh code of conduct on the Sikh diet ([[Rehat Maryada]])== |
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According to the Sikh code of conduct or [[Rehat Maryada]], Sikhs are not bound to be meat-free.<ref name="Sgpc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html |title=Only Meat Killed by Ritual Is Banned for a Sikh |publisher=Sgpc.net |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> The general consensus is that Sikhs are free to choose whether or not to include meat in their diet.<ref name="Sgpc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html |title=Only Meat Killed by Ritual Is Banned for a Sikh |publisher=Sgpc.net |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> |
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{{Quoter| In the Rehat Maryada, section six,<ref>http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html</ref> it states:<br /> |
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The undermentioned four transgressions (tabooed practices) must be avoided: |
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#Dishonouring the hair |
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#Eating the meat of an animal |
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#Cohabiting with a person other than one's spouse |
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#Using tobacco.|Sikh Rehat Maryada}} |
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The ''[[Rehat Maryada]]'' states that Sikhs are bound to avoid meat that is killed in a ritualistic manner<ref name="H. S. Singha & Satwant Kaur Hemkunt 1994"/> such as [[Halal]] (Muslim) or [[Kosher]] (Jewish).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhs.org/meat_au.htm |title=Misconceptions About Eating Meat — Comments of Sikh Scholars |author=Sandeep Singh Brar |publisher=Sikhs.org |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faithandfood.com/Sikhism.php |title=Faithandfood Fact Files — Sikhism|author=Dr Indarjit Singh, OBE |
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|publisher=Faithandfood.com |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> |
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==Sikh intellectual views== |
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I. J. Singh states that throughout Sikh history, there have been many subsects of Sikhism that have espoused vegetarianism. However, this was rejected by the [[Sikh Gurus]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Sikhs and Sikhism |author=I. J. Singh |publisher=Manohar |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-7304-058-0}}</ref> Sikhs consider that vegetarianism and meat-eating are unimportant in the realm of Sikh spirituality. Surinder Singh Kohli links vegetarianism to Vashnavite behaviour.<ref>{{Citation|title=Guru Granth Sahib, An Analytical Study |author=Surindar Singh Kohli |publisher=Singh Bros. |location=Amritsar |isbn=81-7205-060-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the Sikh People |author=Gopal Singh |publisher=World Sikh University Press |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-7023-139-4}}</ref> Gyani Sher Singh—who was the head priest at the [[Darbar Sahib]]—notes that [[ahimsa]] does not fit in with Sikh doctrine.<ref>{{Citation|title=Philosophy of Sikhism |author=Gyani Sher Singh |publisher=Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee |location=Amritsar}}</ref> W. Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi<ref>{{Citation |title=A Popular Dictionary of Sikhism| first1=W. Owen|last1=Cole | author2= Piara Singh Sambhi |location=England |isbn=978-0-8442-0424-6}}</ref> comment that if the Sikh Gurus had made an issue on vegetarianism, it would have distracted from the main emphasis of Sikh spirituality. H. S. Singha and Satwant Kaur comment on how ritually-slaughtered meat is considered a sin for initiated Sikhs.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sikhism, A Complete Introduction |first1=H. S.|last1=Singha |first2= Satwant|last2=Kaur |publisher=Hemkunt Press |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7010-245-6 }}</ref> G. S. Sidhu also notes that ritually-slaughtered meat is taboo for a Sikh.<ref>{{Citation|title=Introduction to Sikhism |first=G. S.|last=Sidhu |publisher=Shromini Sikh Sangat |location=Toronto |isbn=0-900692-07-3 }}</ref> Gurbakhsh Singh comments on how non-Kutha meat is acceptable for the Sikhs.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Sikh Faith |author=Gurbakhsh Singh |publisher=Canadian Sikh Study and Teaching Society |location=Vancouver |isbn=978-81-7205-188-4}}</ref> Surinder Singh Kohli comments on the "fools wrangle over flesh"<ref>{{Citation|title=Real Sikhism |author=Surinder Singh Kohli |publisher=Harman Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-85151-64-4}}</ref> quotation from the Guru Granth Sahib by noting how Guru Nanak mocked hypocritical vegetarian priests. Gobind Singh Mansukhani states how vegetarianism and meat-eating has been left to the individual Sikh.<ref>{{Citation|title=Introduction to Sikhism |author=Gobind Singh Mansukhani |publisher=Hemkunt Press |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7010-181-6}}</ref> Devinder Singh Chahal comments on the difficulties of distinguishing between plant and animal in Sikh philosophy.<ref>{{Citation|title=Scientific Interpretation of Gurbani |author=Devinder Singh Chahal |url=http://www.iuscanada.com/journal/articles/art002.html }}</ref> H. S. Singha comments in his book how the Sikh Gurus ate meat.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mini Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |first=H. S.|last=Singha |publisher=Hemkunt Press |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7010-200-6}}</ref> Khushwant Singh also notes that most Sikhs are meat-eaters and decry vegetarians as daal khorey (lentil-eaters).<ref name=KS>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091107/jsp/opinion/story_11704316.jsp |title= An Ancient Brotherhood |authorlink=Khushwant Singh|first=Khushwant|last=Singh|date=2009-11-07|accessdate= 2009-11-10}}</ref> |
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==Historical dietary behaviour of Sikhs== |
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There are a number of eyewitness accounts from European travelers as to the eating habits of Sikhs.<ref>Siques, Tigers or Thieves Parmjit Singh & Amandeep Singh Madra ISBN 1-4039-6202-2</ref> Although there is no prohibition on Sikhs eating beef, it is clear that Sikhs avoided eating it as a mark of respect for their Hindu neighbours.<ref>William Francklin in his writing about Mr George Thomas 1805: "The Seiks receive Proselytes of almost every Cast, a point in which they differ most materially from the Hindoos. To initiate Mohammedans into their mysteries, they prepare a Dish of Hogs legs, which the Converts are obliged to partake of, previous to admission... They are not prohibited the use of Animal food of any kind, excepting Beef, which they are rigidly scrupulous in abstaining from."</ref><ref>Extract from an officer in the Bengal Army and is taken from the Asiatic Annual Register 1809: "The seiks are remarkably fond of the flesh of the jungle hog, which they kill in chase: this food is allowable by their law. They likewise eat of mutton and fish; but these being unlawful the Brahmins will not partake, leaving those who chose to transgress their institutes to answer for themselves."</ref> To initiate Muslims into their mysteries, one traveler said the Sikhs would prepare a dish of hog's legs.<ref>John Griffiths writes on 17 February 1794: Now become a Singh, he is a heterodox, and distinct from the Hindoos by whom he is considered an apostate. He is not restricted in his diet, but is allowed, by the tenets of his new religion, to devour whatever food his appetite may prompt, excepting beef."</ref> |
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According to Dabistan e Mazhib (a contemporary Persian chronology of the Sikh Gurus), Guru Nanak did not eat meat, and [[Guru Arjan]] thought that meat eating was not in accordance with Nanak's wishes.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sikhs and Sikhism |first=I. J. |last=Singh |publisher=Manohar |location=Delhi| isbn=978-81-7304-058-0}}</ref> According to Persian records, Guru Hargobind (the 6th Guru) ate meat and hunted, and his practice was adopted by most Sikhs.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sikh History from Persian Sources: Translations of Major Texts |first=J.S. |last=Grewal |isbn=978-81-85229-17-1}}</ref> |
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[[Bhai Gurdas]]—a contemporary of the sixth Sikh Guru—wrote vaars (poems or [[couplet]]s) to describe the behaviour of Sikhs at that time. One of his vaars praises the merits of goat meat:<ref>{{cite web|title=Displaying Vaar 23 Pauri 13 of 21 of Vaaran Bhai Gurdas |url=http://searchgurbani.com/bhai_gurdas_vaaran/vaar/23/pauri/13|publisher=SearchGurbani|year=2007|accessdate=201-02-07}}</ref> |
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<poem> |
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''The proud elephant is inedible and none eats the mighty lion.'' |
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''Goat is humble and hence it is respected everywhere.'' |
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''On occasions of death, joy, marriage, yajna, etc only its meat is accepted.'' |
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''Among the householders its meat is acknowledged as sacred and with its gut stringed instruments are made.'' |
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''From its leather the shoes are made to be used by the saints merged in their meditation upon the Lord.'' |
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''Drums are mounted by its skin and then in the holy congregation the delight-giving kirtan, eulogy of the Lord, is sung.'' |
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''In fact, going to the holy congregation is the same as going to the shelter of the true Guru.'' |
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</poem> |
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==Sarbloh Bibek== |
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Many Sikhs keep Sarbloh Bibek. ''Sarbloh'' means all-[[iron]]{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} and ''Bibek'' meaning conscious principles.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} Sikhs who follow this practice eat from iron bowls and iron plates only. According to Sarbloh Bibek, food must be cooked in iron cauldrons or other iron utensils while reciting [[Gurbani]] or [[Simran]] (meditating).<ref name="ReferenceA"/>{{dubious|date=July 2013}} Sikhs traditionally use [[sand]] to clean the iron utensils, but today Sikhs speed up the process using a mixture of dishwashing soap, sand, water, and a [[steel wool]] soap pad. |
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Another key aspect to maintaining Sarbloh Bibek is that Sikhs must only eat food prepared by other [[Amritdhari]] (baptized) Sikhs. Amritdhari Sikhs are also not to eat Jootha food (previously eaten food) from non-Amritdharis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jacobsen|first=Knut|title=Sikhs in Europe: Migration, Identities and Representations|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=9781409424345|page=262}}</ref> |
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Sarbloh was used by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] to prepare Amrit during the Khalsa initiation ceremony in 1699.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Shiv|title=Creation of the Khalsa: Fulfilment of Guru Nanak's Mission : Khalsa Tercentenary Commemorative Volume|year=1999|publisher=Punjabi University. Publication Bureau|isbn=9788173805738|page=95}}</ref> The Khanda (a double edged knife or sword) was also made of Sarbloh. To this day [[Amrit Sanchar]] ceremonies are conducted using a bata (bowl) and [[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]] (sword) made of sarbloh.<ref>{{cite book|last=Trilochan|first=Singh|title=The Turban and the Sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism : History and Exposition of Sikh Baptism, Sikh Symbols, and Moral Code of the Sikhs, Rehitnāmās|year=2001|publisher=B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh|isbn=9788176014915|page=124}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Vegetarianism]] |
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* [[Chapati]] |
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* [[Jhatka Parkash]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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{{Sikhism}} |
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{{Vegetarianism}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vegetarianism In Sikhism}} |
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[[Category:Sikh beliefs]] |
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[[Category:Religion-based diets|Sikh]] |
Revision as of 13:36, 29 April 2014
Keona Bryant