Devil's Bridge

*Teufelsbrücke* of St Gotthard Pass, Switzerland

Devil's Bridge is a term applied to dozens of ancient bridges, found primarily in Europe. Most of these bridges are stone or masonry arch bridges and represent a significant technological achievement in ancient architecture. Due to their unusual design, they were an object of fascination and stories in antiquity and medieval Europe.

Each of the Devil's bridges typically has a corresponding Devil-related myth or folktale regarding its origin. These stories vary widely depending on the region and beliefs. Some have the Devil as the builder of the bridge, relating to the precariousness or impossibility of such a bridge to last or exist in the first place, so much so that only the Devil himself could have built it. Others have the knowledge to build such bridges given to mankind as a gift from the Devil as part of a deal, pact or bargain between the Devil and local populace, usually in exchange for their souls.

Associated legends

The bridges that fall into the Devil's Bridge category are so numerous that the legends about them form a special category in the Aarne-Thompson (AT) classification system for folktales (Number 1191).^[1]^{[unreliable source?]} Some legends have elements of related folktale-categories, for example Deceiving the Devil (AT #1196), The Devil's Contract (AT #756B), and The Master Builder legends.^{[citation needed]}

One version of the tale presents the bridge builder and the Devil as adversaries. This reflects the fact that frequently, such as in the case of the Teufelsbrücke at the St Gotthard Pass, these bridges were built under such challenging conditions that successful completion of the bridge required a heroic effort on the part of the builders and the community, ensuring its legendary status.

Other versions of the legend feature an old lady or a simple herder who makes a pact with the Devil. In this version the devil agrees to build the bridge, in return receiving the first soul to cross it. After building the bridge (often overnight) the devil is outwitted by his adversary (for example, by throwing bread to lure a dog over the bridge first) and is last seen descending into the water, bringing peace to the community.

In the case of the Steinerne Brücke in Regensburg, the legend speaks of the devil helping in a race between the builders of the bridge and of the cathedral (in fact a significantly later construction), and a slight bump in the middle of the bridge is said to result from the devil's leaping with rage upon being tricked out of his prize.

In the legend of Teufelsbrück in Hamburg, which leads only over a small stream, the carpenter, in a pact with the devil, promised him the first soul to cross the bridge. On the day of inauguration, while the priest and county councillor debated who should step on the bridge first, a rabbit crossed it and the disappointed devil disappeared. A statue refers to the legend there.

The legend of Ponte della Maddalena in Borgo a Mozzano, Province of Lucca, tells of a local saint (often Saint Julian, the Hospitaller) who makes the pact with the devil.^[2] On the day of delivery, the saint sets fire to a dog or a pig, which crosses the bridge and deceives the devil.

At Sens, a thirteenth-century legend tells of an architect who sold his soul to the devil and then subsequently repented. M. le Curé of Sens drove the devil away with holy water and with an exorcism formula beginning with the words Vade retro satana, which he made the penitent repeat.^[3] The formula was, at some time, incorporated into the design of the popular Saint Benedict Medal.

Most of the bridges that have received the "Devil's Bridge" appellation are remarkable in some regard, most often for the technological hurdles surpassed in building the bridge, but on occasion for its aesthetic grace as well, or for its economic or strategic importance to the community it serves.^{[citation needed]}

List of bridges

Antigua and Barbuda

Devil's Bridge – Antigua

Argentina

Puente La Noria – Buenos Aires

Bulgaria

Dyavolski most (Дяволски мост) – near Ardino

Colombia

Puente del Común - Chía

Estonia

Kuradisild – Tartu

France

There are 49 Devil's Bridges in France,^[4] including:

Pont du Diable – Aniane, Gorges de l'Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon
Pont du Diable – Villemagne-l'Argentière, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon
Pont du Diable – Beaugency
Pont du Diable – Céret
Pont du Diable (Ariège) – near Foix
Pont du Diable – Olargues
Pont du Diable (Pont Valentré) – Cahors
Pont du Diable – Crouzet Migette
Pont du Diable – Sens^[3]
Pont du Diable − La Forclaz

Germany

Rakotzbrücke, Azalea and Rhododendron Park Kromlau – Saxony

Rakotzbrücke, Azalea and Rhododendron Park Kromlau – Saxony
Brickegickel^[de] – Frankfurt^[5]
Teufelsbrück – Hamburg
Steinerne Brücke – Regensburg
Teufelsbrücke^[de] – Mannheim
Teufelsbrücke—Inzigkofen^[6]

Italy

Ponte del Diavolo – ruins of a Roman bridge along Via Traiana near Montecalvo Irpino, Campania
Ponte del Diavolo – Ascoli Piceno, Marche
Ponte del Diavolo – Blera, Lazio
Ponte del Diavolo (officially Ponte Vecchio, also Ponte Gobbo [it]) – Bobbio, Emilia Romagna
Ponte del Diavolo or Ponte della Maddalena – Borgo a Mozzano, Tuscany
Ponte del Diavolo – Cavallara (a frazione of Gualdo Cattaneo, Umbria)
Ponte di Annibale [it] – Cerreto Sannita, Campania
Ponte del Diavolo [it] – Cividale, Friuli
Ponte del Diavolo – Civita, Calabria
Ponte del Diavolo (Su ponti de su tiaulu or Su ponti de is aremigus) – Decimomannu, Sardinia
Ponte del Diavolo (Ponte Vecchio) – Dronero, Province of Cuneo, Piedmont
Ponte Fabio Massimo [it] – Faicchio, Campania
Ponte del Diavolo [it] – Lanzo Torinese, Piedmont
Ponte del Diavolo [it] – Torcello, Veneto

Netherlands

Duivelsbrug – Breda

North Macedonia

Elen Skok [mk] – Reka

Philippines

Puente del Diablo (or Punta del Diablo) – Binangonan, Philippines

Portugal

Ponte da Mizarela – Braga District

Romania

Moara Dracului ("The Devil's mill") – Câmpulung Moldovenesc

Russia

Chertov Most [ru] – bypass route around the Severomuysky Tunnel, Buryatia

Slovenia

Hudičev most – Bohinj
Hudičev most – Tolmin

Spain

Puente del Diablo – Cueto, Spain
Puente del Diablo – Martorell
Aqüeducte de les Ferreres – Tarragona^{[citation needed]}

Switzerland

Pont du Saut de Brot — Gorges de l'Areuse [fr]^{[citation needed]}
Teufelsbrücke – St Gotthard Pass
Teufelsbrücke (Egg) [de] – Hamlet of Egg, municipality of Einsiedeln, canton of Schwyz
See W. Turner's etching: Little Devil's Bridge over the Russ, above Altdorft, Swiss.d. The old bridge has collapsed.

United Kingdom

The three bridges of Devil's Bridge, Ceredigion, Wales

Devil's Bridge (Pontarfynach), Ceredigion, Wales^[7]
Devil's Bridge – Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria^[8]
Devil's Bridge – Horace Farm, Pennington Parish, Cumbria^[9]
Devil's Bridge – Weston-super-Mare, North Somerset (1841 bridge over railway)^[10]
Devil's Bridge – in the grounds of Weston Park, Staffordshire (18th-century listed bridge in form of grotto)^[11]
Devil's Bridge – Pontwalby, Glynneath, Wales^{[citation needed]}
Devil's Bridge – Mossley Hill, Liverpool^{[citation needed]}
Devil's Bridge – Worm's Head, Rhossili, Gower, Wales (a natural arch)

United States

Devil's Bridge – Sedona, Arizona,^[12] although this is a naturally formed bridge, not a man-made stone bridge

Notes

^ Ashliman, D. L. "The Devil's Bridge: folktales of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 1191" (private website). Pittsburgh, USA: D. L. Ashliman. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
^ Bernardi, Eduardo (2018). The Chronicles of Julian, the Hospitaller. New Zealand: Higuma Limited. pp. Books 1–5. ISBN 978-0-473-43697-1.
^ ^a ^b "Odd Phrases in Literature", The Irish Quarterly Review, Volume 6, Part 1, 1856, note p. 683
^ Robb, Graham (2007). The Discovery of France. Hampshire, England: Picador. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-330-42761-6.
^ Die Sachsenhäuser Brücke zu Frankfurt. Mündlich, aus Frankfurt. In: Brothers Grimm: Deutsche Sagen. Band 1. Berlin 1816, S. 267–268 (Wikisource)
^ "Teufelsbrücke & Felsentor | Fürstliche Anlagen Inzigkofen bei Sigmaringen | Oberschwabens Sehenswürdigkeiten" (in German). 2014-11-03. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
^ "Devil's Bridge". Ceredigion Tourism. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
^ "Devil's Bridge, Kirkby Lonsdale". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
^ "Devils Bridge, Pennington". British listed buildings. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
^ "The Devils Bridge, Weston Super Mare". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
^ "The Devils Bridge Weston Park, Weston Underwood". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
^ Bill. "GREAT SEDONA HIKES". www.greatsedonahikes.com. Retrieved 2017-03-25.

[1] Ashliman, D. L. "The Devil's Bridge: folktales of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 1191" (private website). Pittsburgh, USA: D. L. Ashliman. Retrieved 2016-10-03.

[2] Bernardi, Eduardo (2018). The Chronicles of Julian, the Hospitaller. New Zealand: Higuma Limited. pp. Books 1–5. ISBN 978-0-473-43697-1.

[tiqr-3] "Odd Phrases in Literature", The Irish Quarterly Review, Volume 6, Part 1, 1856, note p. 683

[4] Robb, Graham (2007). The Discovery of France. Hampshire, England: Picador. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-330-42761-6.

[5] Die Sachsenhäuser Brücke zu Frankfurt. Mündlich, aus Frankfurt. In: Brothers Grimm: Deutsche Sagen. Band 1. Berlin 1816, S. 267–268 (Wikisource)

[6] "Teufelsbrücke & Felsentor | Fürstliche Anlagen Inzigkofen bei Sigmaringen | Oberschwabens Sehenswürdigkeiten" (in German). 2014-11-03. Retrieved 2021-08-05.

[7] "Devil's Bridge". Ceredigion Tourism. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2011-01-16.

[8] "Devil's Bridge, Kirkby Lonsdale". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 2019-11-09.

[9] "Devils Bridge, Pennington". British listed buildings. Retrieved 2011-01-16.

[10] "The Devils Bridge, Weston Super Mare". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 2011-01-16.

[11] "The Devils Bridge Weston Park, Weston Underwood". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 2011-01-16.

[12] Bill. "GREAT SEDONA HIKES". www.greatsedonahikes.com. Retrieved 2017-03-25.

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