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Demographics of Manchester

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Demographics of Manchester
Population pyramid of Manchester
PopulationIncrease 551,938 (2021)
Growth rateIncrease 9.7% (2011-2021)[1]
Life expectancy
 • maleDecrease 75.5 (2018-2020)[2]
 • femaleSteady 79.9 (2018-2020)[3]
Nationality
Major ethnicDecrease White: 56.8% (2021)
Decrease White British: 48.7% (2021)
Minor ethnic
Increase Asian British: 20.9% (2021)
Increase Black British: 12% (2021)
Increase Mixed: 5.2% (2021)
Increase Other: 5.1% (2021)

Manchester is a populous city in the North West of England. Its total population as of 2021 is 551,938.

This article focuses on the district, that being the City of Manchester rather than the built-up urban area.

Population

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Historically the population of Manchester began to increase rapidly during the Victorian era, estimated at 354,930 for Manchester and 110,833 for Salford in 1865,[4] and peaking at 766,311 in 1931. From then the population began to decrease rapidly, due to slum clearance and the increased building of social housing overspill estates by Manchester City Council after the Second World War such as Hattersley and Langley.

The population of Manchester currently sits at 551,938 as of 2021.

Age

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Country of birth

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UK and foreign born population pyramid of Manchester in 2021. Males and females representing the UK born population while foreign males and females representing the foreign born population.
Country of birth Year
1981[5] 1991[6] 2001[7] 2011[8] 2021[9]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
 United Kingdom 388,622 88.8% 358,399 88.5% 334,771 85.3% 376,066 74.7% 378,730 68.6%
Foreign born 49,040 11.2% 46,462 11.5% 58,048 14.7% 127,061 25.3% 173,208 31.4%
Total 437,662 100% 404,861 100% 392,819 100% 503,127 100% 551,938 100%

Ethnicity

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Manchester ethnic demography over time
Population pyramid of Manchester by ethnicity in 2021
Ethnic makeup of Manchester by single year age groups

Manchester is an ethnically diverse city, comprising a vast degree of ethnicities from all over the world. The ethnic makeup of the city during the 21st century has changed, with 81% defining themselves as White and 74.5% White British in 2001, and 56.8% defining themselves as white and 48.7% White British in 2021. Asian British people have risen from around 6.6% of the city in 1991, to a total of 20.9% in 2021, with the majority being of Pakistani ethnicity. Black British people have additionally risen, in conjunction with Mixed ethnicity people and Other ethnic groups category, rising from 4.7% in 1991 to 12%, 3.2% in 2001 to 5.2% and 1.4% in 1991 to 5.1% respectively.

Below shows the estimations of the ethnicity of Manchester for 1971 and 1981, and the census results for Manchester's ethnicity in 1991 to 2021.

Ethnic group Year
1966 estimations[10] 1971 estimations[11] 1981 estimations[12] 1991 census[13] 2001 census[14] 2011 census[15] 2021 census[16]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 512,936 95.8% 413,954 91.3% 382,377 87.2% 318,013 81% 335,109 66.6% 313,632 56.8%
White: British 292,498 74.5% 298,237 59.3% 268,572 48.7%
White: Irish 14,826 3.8% 11,843 2.4% 9,442 1.7%
White: Traveller of Irish heritage 509 0.1% 597 0.1%
White: Gypsy/Roma 883 0.2%
White: Other 10,689 2.7% 24,520 4.9% 34,138 6.2%
Asian / Asian British: Total 19,263 4.2% 29,223 6.7% 41,003 10.4% 85,986 17.1% 115,109 20.9%
Asian / Asian British: Indian 3,489 4,819 5,817 11,417 2.3% 14,857 2.7%
Asian / Asian British: Pakistani 10,912 16,999 23,104 5.9% 42,904 8.5% 65,875 11.9%
Asian / Asian British: Bangladeshi 1,112 2,214 3,654 6,437 1.3% 9,673 1.8%
Asian / Asian British: Chinese 2,419 3,205 5,126 13,539 2.7% 12,644 2.3%
Asian / Asian British: Other Asians 1,331 1,986 3,302 11,689 2.3% 12,060 2.2%
Black / Black British: Total 15,947 3.5% 20,866 4.8% 17,739 4.5% 43,484 8.6% 65,893 12%
Black: African 2,684 3,769 6,655 1.7% 25,718 5.1% 47,858 8.7%
Black: Caribbean 9,103 11,473 9,044 2.3% 9,642 1.9% 10,472 1.9%
Black: Other Blacks 4,160 5,624 2,040 8,124 1.6% 7,563 1.4%
Mixed / British Mixed 12,673 3.2% 23,161 4.6% 29,026 5.2%
White and Black Caribbean 5,295 8,877 1.8% 9,987 1.8%
White and Black African 2,412 4,397 0.9% 5,992 1.1%
White and Asian 2,459 4,791 1% 6,149 1.1%
Any other mixed background 2,507 5,096 1% 6,898 1.2%
Other: Total 4,258 0.9% 6,033 1.3% 3,391 0.9% 15,387 3.1% 28,278 5.1%
Other: Arab 9,503 1.9% 15,028 2.7%
Other: Any other ethnic group 3,391 0.9% 5,884 1.2% 13,250 2.4%
Ethnic minority 14,000 22,484 4.2% 39,468 8.7% 56,122 12.8% 74,806 19% 168,018 33.4% 238,306 43.2%
Total: 100% 535,420 100% 453,422 100% 438,499 100% 392,819 100% 503,127 100% 551,938 100%
Ethnic group School year[17][18]
1971[19] 2004/2005 2021/2022
Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 94% 34,860 64% 34,609 37.6%
White: British 33,698 61.9% 29,591 32.2%
White: Irish 373 320 0.3%
White: Traveller of Irish heritage 106 87 0.1%
White: Gypsy/Roma 23 286 0.3%
White: Other 658 4,325 4.7%
Asian / Asian British: Total 8,893 16.3% 23,594 25.9%
Asian / Asian British: Indian 770 2,163 2.4%
Asian / Asian British: Pakistani 6,204 15,838 17.3%
Asian / Asian British: Bangladeshi 971 2,157 2.4%
Asian / Asian British: Chinese 390 1,073 1.2%
Asian / Asian British: Other Asians 558 2,363 2.6%
Black / Black British: Total 4,700 8.6% 15,699 17.1%
Black: Caribbean 1,517 1,324 1.4%
Black: African 2,618 11,014 12.0%
Black: Other Blacks 564 3,361 3.7%
Mixed / British Mixed 3,530 6.5% 8,808 9.5%
Other: Total 1,690 3.1% 7,448 8.1%
Unclassified 793 1.5% 1,628 1.8%
Non-White: Total 6% 36% 62.4%
Total: 100% 54,470 100% 91,786 100%

Religion

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Faith in Manchester (2021)[20]

  Christian (36.2%)
  No Religion (32.4%)
  Muslim (22.3%)
  Hindu (1.1%)
  Buddhist (0.6%)
  Sikh (0.5%)
  Jewish (0.5%)
  Other Religions (0.5%)
  Religion Not Stated (5.9%)

Religion in Manchester is complex. In recent decades, the city has seen a large degree of expansion of its Islamic population, now as of 2021 constituting 22.3% of the population, while Christians have declined in pre-dominance to 36.2% in 2021, from 62.4% in 2001.

Religion 2001[21] 2011[22] 2021[23]
Number % Number % Number %
Christian 245,203 62.4 245,247 48.7 199,873 36.2
Muslim 35,806 9.1 79,496 15.8 122,962 22.3
Hindu 2,849 0.7 5,452 1.1 6,048 1.1
Buddhist 2,144 0.5 3,879 0.8 3,219 0.6
Sikh 1,708 0.4 2,292 0.5 2,718 0.5
Jewish 3,076 0.8 2,613 0.5 2,632 0.5
Other religion 1,111 0.3 1,889 0.4 2,736 0.5
No religion 62,744 16.0 127,485 25.3 179,037 32.4
Religion not stated 38,178 9.7 34,774 6.9 32,713 5.9
Total 392,819 100% 503,127 100% 551,938 100%

Languages

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A variety of languages are spoken in Manchester. 18.3% do not speak English as their main language, although just 2% or fewer residents are unable to speak English at all.[24]

Main language (aged 3+) 2011[25] 2021[26]
Number % Number %
English 400,886 83.4% 434,289 81.7%
Non-English 79,852 16.6% 97,194 18.3%
Total 480,738 100% 531,483 100%

Industry

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Manchester's industry sectors over time
Industry sector Manchester (aged 16 and over in employment)
2021[27]
Number %
A: Agriculture, Forestry and fishing 205 0.1%
B: Mining and quarrying 86
C: Manufacturing 10,303 4.4%
D: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 969 0.4%
E: Water supply; Sewerage, Waste management and Remediation activities 861 0.4%
F: Construction 11,817 5.0%
G: Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 36,174 15.4%
H: Transport and storage 14,042 6.0%
J: Information and communication 16,420 7.0%
I: Accommodation and food service activities (Distribution or catering; 1981 + 1991) 12,331 5.3%
K: Financial and insurance activities 7,419 3.2%
L: Real estate activities 3,535 1.5%
M: Professional, scientific and technical activities 17,909 7.6%
N: Administrative and support service activities 15,445 6.6%
P: Education 9,945 4.2%
Q: Human health and social work activities 25,443 10.9%
O: Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 40,867 17.4%
R, S, T, U: Other and not stated 10,519 4.5%
Total 234,290 100.0

Method of transportation to work

Method of transportation Manchester (aged 16 and over in employment)
2021[28]
Number %
Work mainly at or from home 73,964 31.6%
Underground, metro, light rail, tram 6,152 2.6%
Train 2,848 1.2%
Bus, minibus or coach 23,669 10.1%
Taxi 3,654 1.6%
Motorcycle, scooter or moped 462 0.2%
Driving a car or van 82,379 35.2%
Passenger in a car or van 8,217 3.5%
Bicycle 7,305 3.1%
On foot 22,647 9.7%
Other method of travel to work (or Not stated) 2,986 1.3%
Total 234,283 100%

National identity

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National identity 2021[29]
Number %
British only 310,709 56.3
English only 48,800 8.8
Welsh only 2,310 0.4
Scottish only
Northern irish only
Any combination of UK only identities 6,985 1.3
English and British only 56,401 10.2
Welsh and British only 891 0.2
Scottish and British only
Northern Irish and British only
Irish only 6,175 1.1
Irish and at least one UK identity 990 0.2
Other identity only 103,748 18.8
Other identity and at least one UK identity 14,929 2.7
Total 551,938 100%

Education

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Level of qualification Manchester (aged 16 and over, not in education)
2021[30]
Number %
No qualifications 86,110 19.7%
Level 1 and entry level qualifications 34,988 8.0%
Level 2 qualifications 45,164 10.3%
Apprenticeship 15,322 3.5%
Level 3 qualifications 79,621 18.2%
Level 4 qualifications or above 164,763 37.6%
Other qualifications 11,990 2.7%
Total 437,958 100.0

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Population and household estimates, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  2. ^ "Life expectancy for local areas of the UK - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  3. ^ "Life expectancy for local areas of the UK - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  4. ^ "New Zealand Herald, 1866-10-04". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  5. ^ "1981 census - small area statistics - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  6. ^ "1991 census - local base statistics - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  7. ^ "KS005 - Country of birth - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  8. ^ "KS204EW (Country of birth) - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  9. ^ "TS004 - Country of birth - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  10. ^ Brown, Laurence; Cunningham, Niall (April 2016). "The Inner Geographies of a Migrant Gateway: Mapping the Built Environment and the Dynamics of Caribbean Mobility in Manchester, 1951–2011". Social Science History. 40 (1): 93–120. doi:10.1017/ssh.2015.82. ISSN 0145-5532.
  11. ^ Jones, P. N. (1978). "The Distribution and Diffusion of the Coloured Population in England and Wales, 1961-71". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 3 (4): 515–532. Bibcode:1978TrIBG...3..515J. doi:10.2307/622127. ISSN 0020-2754. JSTOR 622127. PMID 12157820.
  12. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  13. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  14. ^ "Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  15. ^ "2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales". ONS. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  16. ^ "Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  17. ^ "School and pupil characteristics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  18. ^ "Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic Year 2021/22". explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  19. ^ "Immigrants - Volume 837: debated on Monday 22 May 1972 - Hansard".
  20. ^ "Religion - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  21. ^ "2001 census - theme tables". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  22. ^ "Download:local authorities: county / unitary". NOMIS. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  23. ^ "Religion - 2021 census". Office of National Statistics. 29 Nov 2022. Archived from the original on 29 Nov 2022. Retrieved 16 Dec 2022.
  24. ^ "Ward Overview Summary | Census 2021 - Overview | Manchester City Council".
  25. ^ "QS204EW (Main language (detailed)) - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  26. ^ "TS024 - Main language - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  27. ^ "TS060 - Industry - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  28. ^ "TS061 - Method used to travel to work - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  29. ^ "TS027 - National identity - UK - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  30. ^ "TS067 - Highest level of qualification - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-05-07.