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Demographics of Asia

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Graph showing population by continent as a percentage of world population (1750 - 2005)
Map of countries by population density

The continent of Asia covers 29.4% of the Earth's land area and has a population of around 4.75 billion (as of 2022),[1] accounting for about 60% of the world population. The combined population of both China and India is estimated to be over 2.8 billion people as of 2022. Asia's population is projected to grow to 5.25 billion by 2055, or about 54% of projected world population at that time.[1] Population growth in Asia was close to 0.55% p.a. as of 2022, with highly disparate rates. Many Western Asian and South Asian countries have growth rates far above the world average, notably Pakistan at 2% p.a., and India with a 0.6% increase in 2022. On the other hand, East Asian nations are in the middle of a demographic stagnation, with China experiencing a small decrease of –0.06%, after years of rapidly slowing growth.

Population

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See also: List of Asian countries by population and List of Asian countries by life expectancy
Asia population pyramid in 2023 based on the United Nations geoscheme for Asia

History

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Population of Asia, 1–1820 AD (in millions)

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Source: Maddison et al.[2]

Year[2] 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820
China 59.6 59.0 103.0 160.0 138.0 381.0
India 75.0 75.0 110.0 135.0 165.0 209.0
Japan 3.0 7.5 15.4 18.5 27.0 31.0
Korea 1.6 3.9 8.0 10.0 12.2 13.8
Indonesia 2.8 5.2 10.7 11.7 13.1 17.9
Indochina 1.1 2.2 4.5 5.0 5.9 8.9
Other East Asia 5.9 9.8 14.4 16.9 19.8 23.6
Iran 4.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.6
Turkey 6.1 7.3 6.3 7.9 8.4 10.1
Other West Asia 15.1 8.5 7.5 8.5 7.4 8.5
Total Asia 174.2 182.9 283.8 378.5 401.8 710.4

Shares of world population, Asia, 1–1998 AD (percent of world total)

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Source: Maddison et al.[2]

Year[2] 1 1000 1500 1600 1700 1820 1870 1913 1950 1973 1999
China 25.8 22.0 23.5 28.8 22.9 36.6 28.2 24.4 21.7 22.5 21.0
India 32.5 28.0 25.1 24.3 27.3 20.1 19.9 17.0 14.2 14.8 16.5
Japan 1.3 2.8 3.5 3.3 4.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.1
Other Asia 15.9 15.4 12.7 11.7 11.9 8.6 9.4 10.3 15.5 17.3 19.8
Total Asia (excluding Japan) 74.2 65.4 61.3 64.8 62.1 65.3 57.5 51.7 51.4 54.7 57.4
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Countries ranking by international organisations

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Life expectancy in Asia in 2019–2021, according to the World Bank Group
2024 World Population Prospects by the United Nations Population Division[3]
Countries Population (Thousands) TFR Population Growth Rate (percentage) Life Expectancy at birth (years) Median Age as of 1 July (years) Net Migration Rate (per 1000 people)
 India 1,444,436.244 1.96 0.90 72.2 28.4 -0.4
 China 1,420,909 1.01 -0.22 78.0 39.6 -0.2
 Indonesia 282,354 2.12 0.80 71.3 30.1 -0.1
 Pakistan 249,336 3.55 1.54 67.8 20.4 -5.6
 Bangladesh 172,507 2.14 1.22 74.9 25.7 -2.7
 Japan 124,071 1.22 -0.51 84.9 49.4 1.2
 Philippines 115,371 1.89 0.82 69.9 25.7 -1.4
 Vietnam 100,675 1.90 0.62 74.7 32.9 -0.6
 Iran 91,115 1.68 0.99 77.9 33.4 2.1
 Turkey 87,372 1.62 0.23 77.4 33.0 -3.2
 Thailand 71,689 1.20 -0.06 76.6 40.1 0.3
 Myanmar 54,320 2.10 0.66 67.1 29.8 -0.7
 South Korea 51,738 0.73 -0.08 84.4 45.1 1.5
 Iraq 45,558 3.22 2.10 72.4 20.6 -0.4
 Afghanistan 42,045 4.76 2.83 66.3 17.1 -1.0
 Saudi Arabia 33,661 2.31 1.78 79.0 29.6 3.6
 Uzbekistan 36,010 3.49 1.93 72.5 27.0 -0.2
 Malaysia 35,344 1.54 1.20 76.8 30.5 4.9
 Yemen 39,987 4.50 2.94 69.4 18.3 -0.3
 Nepal 29,674 1.96 -0.15 70.6 25.0 -13.5
 North Korea 26,460 1.78 0.29 73.7 36.3 -0.1
 Sri Lanka 23,038 1.95 0.56 77.7 33.1 -1.2
 Syria 24,175 2.70 4.04 72.6 22.8 22.2
 Kazakhstan 20,464 2.98 1.25 74.5 29.6 -0.4
 Cambodia 17,533 2.55 1.20 70.8 26.0 -1.9
 Jordan 11,531 2.60 0.38 78.0 24.5 -13.5
 Azerbaijan 10,305 1.67 0.62 74.6 33.1 1.1
 Tajikistan 10,492 3.04 1.87 71.9 22.1 -2.0
 Israel 9,322 2.79 1.39 82.7 29.2 1.1
 United Arab Emirates 10,839 1.21 3.41 83.1 31.6 25.3
 Laos 7,718 2.40 1.34 69.2 24.6 -1.3
 Hong Kong (China) 7,433 0.73 -0.49 85.6 46.8 -2.6
 Kyrgyzstan 7,131 2.78 1.54 71.8 25.3 0.5
 Turkmenistan 7,431 2.66 1.70 70.2 26.6 2.0
 Singapore 5,812 0.95 0.68 83.9 35.7 3.4
 Lebanon 5,786 2.23 0.70 77.9 28.6 -3.0
 Oman 5,165 2.51 4.41 80.2 29.5 29.2
 Kuwait 4,884 1.52 2.04 80.6 34.8 12.5
 Georgia 3,808 1.80 -0.01 74.7 37.0 0.5
 Mongolia 3,454 2.63 1.22 72.0 26.9 0.0
 Armenia 2,984 1.72 -0.71 75.8 36.1 -10.1
 Qatar 3,012 1.72 2.36 82.5 33.6 15.1
 Bahrain 1,588 1.81 2.40 81.4 33.2 14.1
 East Timor 1,392 2.63 1.27 67.9 21.3 -1.8
 Cyprus 1,352 1.38 0.95 81.8 38.2 6.0
 Bhutan 789 1.45 0.61 73.3 29.9 -0.4
 Macau (China) 719 0.68 0.39 83.2 38.9 2.2
 Maldives 527 1.56 0.36 81.3 31.9 -4.6
 Brunei 461 1.73 0.80 75.5 32.2 0
Asia 4,792,493 1.88 0.60 74.8 32.1 -0.5
Population Replacement 2.1

Economy

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Further information: Economy of Asia

Economically, most of Asia is traditionally considered part of the Second World, with the significant exception of the industrialized First World countries of Israel, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. Asian countries in the G-20 major economies include China, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Of these, Japan is also in the G8, and additionally China and India in the G8+5.

The Human Development Index of Asian countries range from Low to Very High category. The table below shows the 10 highest and lowest countries according to their Human Development Index scores based on the 2021 report.[4]

Ethnicities

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Main article: Ethnic groups in Asia
Further information: Asian people
The language families of Asia

References

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  1. ^ a b "Asia Population". World Population Prospects 2022. United Nations. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF).
  3. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org/.
  4. ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
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