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Defense industry of Turkey

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TCG Anadolu (L-400) amphibious assault ship (LHD and V/STOL aircraft carrier) at Sedef Shipyard in Istanbul

The defense industry of Turkey has a long history, dated from the Ottoman Empire, and has changed several times during the Republic period. The Turkish defense industry has achieved significant growth with state support in line with the independence decision taken in the defense industry in 1974. The Turkish defense industry has gained great field experience with the operations of the Turkish Armed Forces in Iraq, Syria and Libya. This situation has attracted the attention of many countries, especially in Europe, and has led to cooperation with Turkey in the fields of defense and industry.[1][2][3] Today, Türkiye produces thousands of products in dozens of different areas, from infantry rifles to fifth-generation fighter jets.[4][5][6]As of 2024, Türkiye will meet more than 70 percent of its defense industry needs with domestic production.[7] By 2025, Turkey's defense industry needs will have exceeded 80 percent of domestic needs and R&D spending will reach $3 billion annually. In 2024, there were 3,500 defense industry companies working on more than 1,100 projects in the country. In 2024, the Turkish defense industry's exports abroad exceeded $7 billion for the first time in history.[8][9]

Turkish defense industry companies have made great progress in the field of aviation after 2010. Between 2013 and 2024, 9 military aircraft were produced and flown.[10] Leading Turkish aircraft engine company TEI designed 13 engines in a 10-year period between 2014 and 2024. Flights were carried out with 7 of these engines. 6 of them entered mass production.[11]

Historical development

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General

[edit]
Ottoman Aviation Squadrons were military aviation units of the Ottoman Army and Navy

The first initiative in establishing a defense industry (Ottoman Turkish: İmalat-ı Harbiye) in Turkey goes back to the period of the Ottoman Empire. Defense industry which had a strong position up until the 17th century, stayed outside the technological developments in Europe since the 18th century and has totally lost its impact starting from World War I.

Thus, no significant defense industry infrastructure was present during the first years of the Republic and activities in this domain were limited to the establishment of new facilities near Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence. Having the view that defence industry is a part of the overall industrialization and development, the Republican Administration supported the State's guidance in industrialization and therefore the defense industry during the first planning period. Despite such activities as the in-country aircraft production, a strong –infrastructure could not be established due to internal and external conditions.

In the post World War II Period, activities in defense industry initiated during the first years of the Republic were not sufficient due to lack of State support, which came to a halt as a result of the foreign military aid received upon promotion of bilateral relations with the United States and Turkey's membership of NATO.

However, regional problems Turkey faced in the 1960s, Cyprus crises in 1963 and 1967, Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and the arms embargo following the invasion necessitated the development of a defence industry based on national resources. After 1974, Turkish Armed Forces Foundation were established with this understanding and some investments, though limited were initiated.

Besides the administrative and financial difficulties in maintaining and improving the national capabilities, limited national resources as well as the procurement policies proved insufficient to fill the increasing gap in Turkish Armed Forces defence equipment.

1923-1950

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Machinery, craftsmen and workmen transferred discreetly from Istanbul and its surroundings at the end of the First World War played a crucial role in winning the War of Independence. Small scale and simple workshops in Ankara, Konya, Eskişehir, Keskin and Erzurum not only provided light weapons and ammunition but also lay the foundation for a sound local defence industry infrastructure.

General Directorate of Military Facilities was set up in 1921. Establishing and industry of weapons and ammunition was discussed for the first time during the İzmir Congress of Economics. In 1924 a facility for repair of light weapons and artillery and another facility for ammunition and carpenter work in Ankara; in 1924 a new ammunition facility in Ankara; in 1930 a capsule facility in Kayaş; in 1931 a power plant and steel facility in Kırıkkale ; in 1936 a facility for gunpowder, rifle and artillery; in 1943 a facility for gas masks in Mamak were established. In addition, Nuri KILLIGİL facility set up near Haliç region, İstanbul; in 1930 was then one of two private firms producing weapons. Producing pistols, 81 mm mortar and its ammunition, explosives and pyrotechnics, this facility provided support to the Turkish Armed Forces during World War II.

In 1924, Gölcük Shipyard was set up for the maintenance of Yavuz battle cruiser. In 1941, Taşkızak Shipyard was reactivated.

Turkish aviation industry was initiated through the establishment of Tayyare ve Motor Türk AŞ (TamTAŞ) in 1926. The facilities of TamTAŞ established in Kayseri, started production in 1928; until 1939, a total of 112 aircraft –15 German Junkers A-20s, 15 US Hawk fighters, 10 US Fledgling trainers, 15 German Gotha liaison aircraft –were produced. After completion of the maintenance of the aircraft in the inventory of the Turkish Air Force Command, TamTAŞ suspended aircraft production in 1939.

24 Nu. 37 aircraft and many gliders were produced in the aircraft facility founded by Nuri DEMİRDAĞ in Istanbul in 1936. but this private firm was out of operation in 1943.

The first major initiative in the aviation industry was the formation of an aircraft facility by Turkish Aviation Association in Ankara, 1941. Starting production in 1944, this facility produced 80 Miles Magister trainer aircraft, two –engine ambulance aircraft THK-10 light transport aircraft, 60 Ugur two-seater trainer aircraft and various types of gliders. The first aircraft engine facility was set up in Ankara, in 1945 and started production in 1948. various facilities were established in Malatya between 1942 and 1943 in order to repair and maintain the aircraft procured from the United Kingdom during the IInd World War.

Foreign military aid that started upon Turkey's membership in NATO and increased within a short period stalled the development of local defence industry which was at its preliminary stage of formation.

1950-1960

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Instead of improving the local defence industry, foreign aid and foreign procurement were practiced during this period. Because of the Cold War and military and political polarization after the 2nd World War, Turkey met its defence requirements through and in the framework of the NATO.

Within the impact of the increasing foreign aid in the post-IInd World War period, efforts for the development of local defence industry slowed down; orders of the Turkish Armed Forces from the local suppliers decreased, thus military facilities became a part of the Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation (MKEK) which was formed as a State Economic Enterprise on 15 March 1950.

Development of, weaponry and equipment in the inventory of the Turkish Armed Forces was kept on the agenda by the Research and Development Department formed in 1954 under the Ministry of Defence in 1970, development studies of defence industry were reactivated.

1960-1974

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MKEK munitions on IDEF 2007

It was a period regional conflicts and the Cyprus issue. Cyprus crises in 1963 and 1967 and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, the arms embargo imposed on Turkey as a result of this invasion proved the need for a national defence industry. During the crises, Turkey was face with the difficulty of dependence on foreign supply. The deadlock experienced in this period caused to seek ways to reactivate national defence industry. During this period in which investments based on import substitution were common, production of G-3 and MG-3 rifles by the MKEK under German licenses were concrete examples of this policy put into practice.

1974 - Autarky in Defence

[edit]

1970s have been the period in which solid initiatives were put into force so as to establish a national defence industry. In 1974, Turkey decided to launch a military operation in Cyprus to help the Turks who were under attack. The US, protesting Türkiye’s military operation in Cyprus, decided to impose a military embargo on Türkiye. This decision caused a situation that paralyzed the logistics structure of the Turkish Armed Forces. Because almost all the equipment and spare parts used by the Turkish army and especially the air force were American-made. This situation forced Turkish policymakers into a difficult dilemma. The leaders of the coalition government that carried out the Cyprus Operation, Bülent Ecevit and Necmettin Erbakan, decided to end foreign dependency in the defense industry. Other governments that came to power later also remained loyal to this decision. As a result of the national reaction to the arms embargo against Turkey, Armed Forces Foundation were established. Although these Foundations formed enterprises such as Aselsan, Havelsan, Aspilsan thanks to the donations, it was soon realized that the actual need for a defence industry as required by the contemporary age could not be met through the Foundations.[12]

After the US imposed a military embargo on Türkiye following the 1974 Cyprus operation, Turkiye, acting on the principle of "self-sufficiency in the defense industry", established TAI, operating in the aviation sector, in 1974, and Aselsan, operating in the wireless and electronics sector, in 1975. The US failed to achieve its desired goal by imposing an embargo on Türkiye but caused the US to lose its influence on Turkey.[13] These two companies would become the largest defense industry companies in Türkiye in the modern era.

1974-1985

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In the 1980s, state initiative was undertaken to realize the modernization of the Turkish Armed Forces and the establishment of a national defence industry based on contemporary technology was set as the primary goal. Havelsan was established in 1982 and Roketsan, Türkiye's largest missile manufacturer, was established in 1988.

The first step in this direction was taken by the establishment of defence equipment Directorate as a state enterprise. However, the shortcomings stemming from its state-bound status prevented the success and all the properties of that enterprise were transferred to the Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) which was established in 1985 under the Law No: 3238

1985 - 2025

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Turkey has reached a level where it can produce rifles such as MKE MPT, HGK Guided Bombs,anti-tank missiles such as UMTAS, Karaok, Roketsan Cirit, OMTAS, Atmaca anti-ship missiles with its own engine, Sungur MANPAD, Hisar and Siper air defense missiles,Aselsan GOKDENIZ, KORKUT air defence systems,armored vehicles such as Otokar Cobra II, Otokar Tulpar, Otokar Arma, FNSS Pars, FNSS ZAHA, BMC Kirpi, BMC Vuran, Nurol Ejder, Altay main battle tank and Kaplan light tank,T-155 Fırtına self-propelled howitzer, T-129 and T-929 attack type helicopters with its own engine, drones such as TB-2 Bayraktar, Anka, TAI Aksungur, Akıncı, jet powered drones such as TAI Anka-3 and Bayraktar Kızılelma, ballistic missiles such as Tayfun and Bora, air-to-air missiles Gökdoğan, Bozdoğan, Gökhan, cruise missile such as SOM and Çakır, torpedoes such as Roketsan Akya, electronic warfare systems such as Koral, AESA radars such as MURAD AESA Radar, Ada-class corvettes, Istanbul-class frigates, TF2000-class destroyers, a national aircraft carrier, military satellite Göktürk-3, fighter planes such as TAI Hürkuş, Hürjet and finally the fifth generation stealth warplane called TAI TF Kaan. In 40 years, the Turkish defense industry has come to a point where it can produce almost anything, from infantry rifles to fifth-generation fighter jets.[14][15][16]

Today's Turkish defense industry

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TAI Anka is a family of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) developed by Turkish Aerospace Industries. Turkey has 47 active TAI Anka in its inventory
MILGEM project office focused on building a modern littoral combat ship with authentic anti-submarine warfare and high-seas patrol capability

Turkey's defense industry has seen substantial growth and transformation over recent decades, driven by a strategic vision to reduce dependency on foreign suppliers and enhance national security capabilities. This transformation has been characterized by increased domestic production, significant investments in research and development, and growing export markets.

Key developments

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Source:[12]

  1. Domestic production and indigenous projects: The Turkish defense industry has focused on developing indigenous systems and platforms. Notable examples include the Altay Main Battle Tank, the Bayraktar TB2 UAV, and the Hürjet training and light attack aircraft. These projects reflect Turkey's commitment to self-reliance and technological advancement.
  2. Technological innovation: Advances in technology have played a crucial role in Turkey's defense strategy. The development of systems like the ASELPOD Targeting Pod and TAI TF Kaan fighter jet are prime examples of how Turkish defense firms are integrating cutting-edge technologies into their products.[1]
  3. Strategic collaborations and export growth: Turkey has increasingly engaged in strategic collaborations with international partners while also expanding its defense exports. Key partnerships include joint development projects with countries like Qatar and Ukraine, reflecting Turkey's growing influence in the global defense market. The export of Bayraktar TB2 UAVs to multiple countries has particularly highlighted Turkey's capacity to produce competitive defense products.
  4. Shift in defense procurement: Recent procurement decisions, such as the acquisition of the S-400 missile defense system from Russia, demonstrate Turkey's strategic pivot towards more autonomous defense policies. This decision, driven by political and strategic considerations, marked a significant shift in Turkey's defense procurement practices and its relations with NATO allies.

Economic impact

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The growth of the Turkish defense industry has had a substantial economic impact. Defense exports have surged, contributing to the national economy and creating a robust defense-industrial base. From 2012 to 2022, Turkey's defense and aerospace imports decreased, showcasing the effectiveness of policies aimed at fostering domestic production.

Challenges and future directions

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Despite these advancements, Turkey faces challenges, including balancing its defense needs with diplomatic relations, particularly with NATO allies. The cancellation of Turkey's participation in the F-35 program due to the S-400 procurement is a notable example of the complexities in its defense strategies.

Looking forward, Turkey aims to continue its trajectory of innovation and self-reliance in defense technology. Ongoing projects like the TAI TF Kaan fighter jet and the SİPER long-range SAM system highlight the future directions of Turkey's defense industry, focusing on indigenous capabilities and strategic partnerships.

Companies

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Bayraktar TB2 UAV
SOM-J cruise missile developed by TÜBİTAK SAGE and ROKETSAN is designed to fit the internal weapons bay of the F-35 and TAI KAAN

Products

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Land platforms and modernizations

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FNSS Pars 8x8 at the IDEF 2019
Otokar Yavuz
Indigenous Altay Tank
Tulpar heavy infantry fighting vehicle
Kaplan MT / Harimau medium tank
  • Other vehicles
    • BMC (215-09 2.5 Ton Wheeled Tactical Vehicle (4x4))
    • BMC (235-16 5 Ton Wheeled Tactical Vehicle (4x4))
    • BMC (380-26 10 Ton Wheeled Tactical Vehicle (6x6))
  • Vehicle equipment
    • Automatic Fire/Explosion Sensing and Suppression Systems
    • Bilge Pump (M113)
    • Bilge Pump (M48)
    • Commander's Cupola
    • Driver Periscope (AN/VVS-2A)
    • Full Transmission
    • Glass Periscope (M17)
    • Illuminating Instruments
    • Kupola for Armoured Personnel carriers
    • Main Gun Smoke Extraction Fan
    • Night Vision System (DNTSS- ACV)
    • Periscope (M36E1/M32E1)
    • Personnel Heaters
    • Sharpshooter Turret - 25 mm One-Man Sharpshooter Turret
    • T-840 and T-44 Turret
    • Tank Engine Heater
    • Tank Thermal Sight System (TTS)
    • Tank Transmissions
    • Thermal Fire Control System (Eagle Eye)
    • Transmissions
[edit]
TCG Istanbul.
TCG Burgazada.
TCG Heybeliada in the Mediterranean Sea
  • Naval combatants
  • Patrol and amphibious ships
    • Cabin RIB Boat (JF 830 / JF 833)
    • Coast Guard Boats (SAR35, SGB37)
    • KAAN 15 Class ONUK MRTP-15
    • KAAN 20 Class ONUK MRTP-20
    • KAAN 29 Class ONUK MRTP-29
    • KAAN 33 Class ONUK MRTP-33
    • KAAN 16" CLASS ONUK MRTP-16
    • KAAN 16" CLASS ONUK MRTP-16U
    • Landing Crafts, Tank (LCT Class)
    • Landing Crafts, LCVP Type Landing Crafts (LCT Type)
    • Police Boats
    • Turkish Type 80 Class Coast Guard Boat
    • ULAQ USV
    • ALBATROS USV
    • MIR USV
    • SANCAR USV
    • SALVO USV
    • MARLIN USV
    • Water Jet RHIB (JP 24 Jet)
  • Support ships
    • Akar class supertanker Type Support Ship
    • Fortification Boat 450
    • anding and Mine Laying Ships (LST Type)
    • MSH Boat
    • Tug Boats / Torpedo Tender
    • TCG. YB. Kudret Güngör Ship
    • Underwater Vehicle (AUV)
  • Naval construction materials, sub systems and support systems
    • AIS Automatic Identification System Electronic Chart System (ECS) Software
    • A-595 Surface Supply and Combat Support Ship
    • Diesel Marin Engines
    • Diver Detection Sonar
    • Docking Up to 4500 Tons and Pier Facilities
    • Dry Dock Measurement System
    • Echo Sounder
    • Electro catalytic Chlorination Unit
    • Floating Pool and Dry Pool
    • Frigate Power Transmission and Distribution Switchboard Panels
    • Hull Scanner
    • National Sonar Wet End Prototype
    • Hydrophones
    • Marine Genset (3,5KW - 80KW)
    • Message Terminal Unit (TB-2000)
    • Military Type Rugged Consoles
    • Naval Platform Radar Electronic Support System (ARES-2N)
    • Ocean Bottom Seismometer
    • Operator Console (OPCON)
    • Passive Harbour Protection System
    • Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV)
    • Seafloor Sediment Sampler
    • Side-Scan Sonar System
    • Sonar (Multi-beam)
    • Shipboard Integrated Battle Command System
    • Stabilized Machine Gun Platform (STAMP)
    • Sub System Adaptation Unit (SAU)
    • Submarine Battery Production
    • Submarine Power Transmission and Distribution Switchboard Panels
    • Submarine and Auxiliary Ships Programs Support and Consultancy Services
    • Tank Level Measurement System
    • Underwater Acoustic Modeling
    • Underwater Cables and Connectors
    • UW-Monitor
    • Various Parts for Ships
    • Vessel Communication Switching System
    • Video Recording Unit (VRU)

Air platforms

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TAI ATAK-2 model on display at the 2019 Teknofest, Istanbul
TAI Aksungur at Teknofest 2019
Bayraktar TB3 folding wing UAV
Bayraktar Mini UAV
Further information: List of unmanned aerial vehicles § Turkey
  • Aircraft and helicopter engines and equipment
    • 3D CAD Design and analysis capabilities for aerospace industry. (Parts and Assembly design)
    • Accessories for aeroplanes
    • Aerostructures Manufacturing
    • Airbus Aktuator Valves
    • Aircraft and Helicopter Engine Assembly and Overhaul
    • Aircraft and Helicopter Engine Part Manufacturing
    • Auto pilot modules
    • ATR PC Chassis
    • Flight Management System (CDU-900)
    • GPS Sistemi (LN-100G INS/GPS)
    • Have Quick I-II / SATURN (optional) Frequency Hopping VHF/UHF Air Platform Radios
    • Helicopter Chaff/Flare Dispenser Integration Analyses Work Package
    • Helicopter Flight Control and Aircraft Engine Parts
    • Helicopter Tactical Data Link System (HELIS)
    • Lighting Control Panel (MELTEM II Project)
    • Missile Remote Interface Unit
    • Multifunction Display (MFD-268 E)
    • Production of Plane Heater and Helicopter Heater
    • Avionic Central Control Computer (SOFTWARE)
    • Composite Part / Component Design, Analysis and Production
    • Avionic Central Control Computer (SOFTWARE)
    • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Internal Combustion Engines
    • Turbojet AT225
    • Turboprop AT225
  • Training equipment and simulators
    • 3D Modelling
    • Air Defence Systems Effectiveness Simulation Programs, Guided Missile Simulation Programs, Weapon Simulations for Classroom Training
    • Air Traffic Control Simulations
    • Analysis and Simulation Systems (DUMAN)
    • Armoured Vehicle and Tank Simulators
    • Artillery Forward Observer and Fire Management Center Simulator
    • Avionics Video Symbols Generation Software (ALQ-178 AVSG)
    • Digital Environment Simulatorr (DES)
    • Digital Feature Analysis Data (DFAD) Level – 1 for Aircraft Simulations
    • Digital Feature Analysis Data (DFAD) Level – 2 for Aircraft Simulations
    • Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level - 1 for Aircraft Simulations
    • Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level - 2 for Aircraft Simulations
    • Electronic Warfare Operator Training Simulator (EHOPES)
    • Interactive Shooting Simulator (AES-800 / TANUS 2004)
    • Joint Electronic Warfare Training Simulators (JETS)
    • Joint Task Force Tactical and Operational Simulation System (MGKMOS)
    • Laser Based Combat Training System
    • Laser Marksmanship Training Simulators
    • LINK-1 Simulator
    • Marksman Training Simulators
    • Military / Educational Console Set
    • Modelling and Simulator
    • Mortar Simulator
    • Sea Surveillance Radar Simulator (APS143)
    • Ship Simulator (SHIPSIM)
    • Shooting Training Remote Controller - Standalone (AKS 1919 RC)
    • Shooting Training Systems (AES 2023)
    • Simulation Recording (DUMAN)
    • Simulation Systems and NASCAP Remote Networked NBC Detection and Management System (NBC)
    • Small Caliber Arms Interactive Shooting Training System (EE/RangeMaster2005 GS)
    • Small Scaled Tactical and Operational Simulation System (BASKIN / SAVMOS)
    • Software Development for Weapon Systems, Development of Simulation Software
    • Sonar Operator Training Simulator
    • Training Simulations-MAS
    • Training Simulations-SONOPES
    • Wireless Controlled Target System
    • Full Flight Simulator (CN 235 100 M)
    • Full Flight Simulator (CN 235 100 TK01)
    • Electronic Warfare Test and Training Range (EWTTR)
    • Helicopter Simulation Center Link-11 Simulator (HEL11SIM S70-B)
    • Helicopter Simulators (HELSİM)
    • Mission Support System (MSS)
    • Weapon Systems and Flight Training Simulators (F-4E 2020)

Artillery - rockets - missiles

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TRG-300 Tiger Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher System
    • Artillery Rocket (107 mm)
    • Artillery Rocket (122 mm)
    • Artillery Rocket System-Toros 230 Medium Range Artillery Rocket
    • Artillery Rocket System-Toros 260 Long Range Artillery Rocket
    • MK 40 MOD 3 and MK4 10 Rockets (2,75")
    • Multiple Launch Rocket System (107 mm)
    • Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher System (2,75")
    • Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher System and R-302T Rocket 302 mm (TRG-300 Tiger)
    • Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher System and TR-107 Ammunition Family (T-107 107 mm)
    • Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher System and TR-122 Ammunition Family (T-122 122 mm)
  • Howitzers
T-155 Fırtına Howitzer
    • T-155 155mm Fırtına Self Propelled Howitzer
    • T-155 155mm Fırtına 2 Self Propelled Howitzer
    • Towed Howitzer T-155 L52 (PANTER)
    • M114A2 155mm L39
    • M44T 155mm L39 SPH
    • M52T 155mm L39 SPH

-Note: The M44T and M52T is a Turkish modernization, license-built Rheinmetall 155 mm howitzer with Turkish Fire Control Systems.

  • Mortars
    • Commando Mortar 60 mm
    • Fog Mortar
    • Mortar 120 mm (HY1-12)
    • Mortar 81 mm (NT-1)
    • Mortar 81 mm (UT-1)
    • Aselsan Alkar 81mm/120mm
  • Air defence systems
  • Remote controlled weapon stations
Aselsan SMASH 30mm RCWS

Small arms

[edit]
  • Pistols
    • AKDAL F 06
    • AKDAL F 92
    • AKDAL GHOST
    • AKDAL MINI 03
    • AKDAL MINI 06
    • FATIH 13 - 7.65 mm
    • FATIH 13 - 7.65 mm
    • FATIH 13 - 7.65 mm
    • FATIH 13 380 ACP - 9.00 mm
    • KANUNI 16 – 9 mm
    • KANUNI S - 9 mm
    • KIRIKKALE 9 mm
    • KIRIKKALE 9 mm
    • Sarsilmaz Kilinc 2000
      Sarsilmaz Kilinc 2000
    • Sarsilmaz K2-45
    • Sarsilmaz CM9
    • Sarsilmaz ST10
    • YAVUZ 16 - 9 mm
    • YAVUZ 16 COMPACT MC Standard - 9 mm
    • YAVUZ 16 REGARD MC Standard - 9 mm
    • YAVUZ 16 TUĞRA Standard - 9 mm
    • YAVUZ 16 ZİRVE Standard - 9 mm
    • ZIGANA C45 - .45ACP Caliber
    • ZIGANA F - 9 mm
    • ZIGANA K - 9 mm
    • ZIGANA M16 - 9 mm
    • ZIGANA Sport - 9 mm
    • ZIGANA T - 9 mm
    • BERNARDELLI 13+1
    • BERNARDELLI 15+1
    • Hançer
    • K2 - 9 mm
    • Kama Long - 9 mm
    • Kama Sport - 9 mm
    • Kılınç 2000 – 9 mm
    • PROFESSIONAL - 9 mm
    • VATOZ - 9 mm
  • Submachine gun
  • Assault rifle
MKE MPT-76 rifle
  • Machine gun
    • MG3 - 7.62 mmm
    • Canim M2 QCB
    • SAR 240
    • PMT 76/ PMT 57A
    • KMG 556
    • SAR 762 MT
  • Shotgun
    • Churchill - 12 Gauge
    • Strong - 12 Gauge (pump action)
    • Karatay - 12 Gauge (pump action)
    • M12 - 12 Gauge (pump action)
    • M6 - 12 Gauge (pump action)
    • M8 - 12 Gauge (pump action)
    • Cobra - 12 Gauge (pump action)
    • Altay - 12 Gauge (semi-automatic shotgun)
    • Akdal MKA 1911 - 12 Gauge
    • SARSILMAZ M212
    • SARSILMAZ M204
    • Ata PAS ET07-ET12
    • MKA 1919
    • Armsan ARMTAC A2/A3
    • Armsan RS-S1
    • Sarsılmaz Cobra & Baba
  • Rifle
    • Semi Automatic Sporting Rifle T-94
    • Sporting Hunting Rifle T-41
  • Sniper rifle
    • Accuracy International AW - .338 Lapua
    • Barrett M82 - .50 BMG
    • TUFAN T-12
    • TUFAN MKE-8O - 7.62 mm
    • JNG 90
    • KNT-308
    • KNT-76 SASS
    • KMR-762
    • KSR-50
    • KSR-338
    • MAM-15
    • KN-12
  • Grenade launchers
    • 40 mm multi-barrel launcher
    • T-40 HK 33 E (underslung)
    • T-40
    • B-40
    • AK-40 GL
    • KALE KGL-40
  • Rocket launchers
    • RPG 7 - 40 mm
    • Roketsan Sungur

Ammunition, explosives and detectors

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  • Ammunition
    • Aircraft bomb (MK82 MOD1 500 lb)
    • Aircraft bomb 2000 lb Mk84
    • Aircraft practice bomb 2000 lb Mk84
    • Aircraft practice bomb 25 lb BDU – 33D / B
    • Aircraft practice bomb 25 lb Mk 76 Mod 2
    • Aircraft practice bomb 4,5 lb MK106 MOD1
    • Aircraft practice bomb 500 lb
    • Aircraft Rocket Warhead 2,75" M151
    • Ammunition 105/35 mm MKE Mod 270
    • Ammunition 155 mm M396 ERDP
    • Ammunition 175 mm MKE Mod111
    • Ammunition 25 mm M791 APDS-T
    • Ammunition 25 mm M793 TP-T
    • Ammunition 40 mm MKE MOD63 GE MKE MOD 63 GE Tear Gas
    • Ammunition 60 mm M49A2 HE
    • Ammunition ICM155 mm M483 A1
    • Ammunition 25 mm M792 HEI-T
    • Anti Aircraft Ammunition 35 mm MSD 020
    • Anti Aircraft Ammunition 35 mm ULD 034
    • Artillery Ammunition 155 mm M101
    • Ball Cartridges 5,56 mm x 45 (SS109/M855)
    • Ball Cartridges 9,65 mm (.38 cal)
    • Ball Pistol Cartridges 7,65 mm x 17
    • Cartridges 7,62 mm x 51 (4 M61 +1 M62)
    • Cartridges 12,7 mm X 99 (.50 Cal) (4m33 + 1m17)
    • Cartridges 12,7 mm X 99 (.50 Cal) (M17)
    • Cartridges 12,7 mm X 99 (.50 Cal) (M33)
    • Cartridges 12,7 mm X 99 (.50 Cal) (4m8 + 1m17)
    • Cartridges 20 mm X 102 M56 A3 HEI (with War Head)
    • Cartridges 20 mm X 102 M56 A3 HEI-T (with War Head and Tracer)
    • Cartridges 20 mm X 110 HEI (MKE Mod 1102) (with War Head)
    • Cartridges 5,56 mm x 45 (4 Ball + 1 Tracer)
    • Cartridges 7,62 mm
    • Cartridges 7,62 mm x 51 (4 Ball + 1 Tracer)
    • Cartridges 7,62 mm x 51 (4 Ball + 1 Tracer)
    • Cartridges 7,62 mm x 51 Ball (M80)
    • Cartridges 9,65 mm (Special) (.38 cal) (FMJ)
    • Cartridges Products (AVF1 MOD1 YÜK ATMA, AVF2 MOD1)
    • Cartridges, 9 mm x 17 Short
    • Cartridges, Tracer 20 mm X 110 HEI-T (MKE Mod 1109) (with War Head and Tracer)
    • Cartridges 7,62 mm x 51 Armour Piercing (M61)
    • Colored Smoke Can
    • Fog Ammunition 120 mm MKE Mod226
    • Fragmented Aircraft bomb 500 LB PRE
    • Grenade Launcher Ammunition (MKE MOD60 HE) 40 mm
    • Gun Ammunition 105 mm HE MKE Mod233
    • Howitzer Ammunition 105 mm HE M1
    • Howitzer Ammunition 155 mm M107 HE
    • Howitzer Ammunition 8" HE M106
    • Illuminating Ammunition (120 mm MKE Mod 236)
    • lluminating Ammunition (EFAR)
    • Illuminating Mortar Ammunition (81 mm M301 A2)
    • Illuminating Rocket, Flare Surface Trip
    • Illuminating, Smoke Cartridge (MKE MOD3 Smoke Cartridge)
    • Mortar Ammunition Prefragmented 81 mm BHM
    • Mortar Ammunition 120 mm Cs MKE Mod 251
    • Mortar Ammunition 120 mm Hc MKE Mod 250
    • Mortar Ammunition 120 mm He MKE Mod 209
    • Mortar Ammunition 81 mm HE M43 A1 B1
    • Mortar Ammunition 81 mm HE MKE MOD 214
    • Mortar Ammunition 81 mm HE FRAG MKE MOD262
    • Mortar Ammunition Cargo 120 mm MKE Mod 258
    • Parabellum Pistol Cartridges 9 mm x 19
    • Pistol Cartridges, 9 mm x 20 Long
    • Practice - Target practice Mortar Ammunition 81 mm MKE MOD 238
    • Practice Ammunition 105 mm TpFSDS-T
    • Practice Ammunition 105 mm TpFSDS-T
    • Practice Mortar Ammunition 120 mm MKE Mod 228
    • Practice Mortar Ammunition 60 mm MKE MOD257
    • Sevrotin Hunting Cartridges, 12/70 Temporary Effective
    • Signal Cartridges (1", 1,5", 7/8")
    • Special Ball Cartridges 9,65 mm (.38 cal)
    • Submarine Signal with Parachute (PDK - PIK)
    • Tracer Cartridges 5,56 mm x 45 (L 110/M856)
    • Tracer Cartridges 7,62 mm x 51 (M62)
    • Tracer Cartridges 20 mm X 102 M55 A2 TP-T
    • Training Ammunition 105 mm TP MKE Mod 234
    • Training Ammunition 120 mm MKE Mod227
    • Training Ammunition 35 mm MAD356
    • Training Ammunition 81 mm MKE MOD216
    • Training Ammunition 81 mm MKE MOD239
    • Training Ammunition 81 mm MKE MOD273
    • Training Cartridges 20 mm X 102 M55 A2 TP
    • Training Cartridges 20 mm X 110 TP (MKE Mod 1101)
    • Training Cartridges 20 mm X 110 TP-T (MKE Mod 1107)
    • Training Grenade Launcher Cartridges, Tracer 40 mm x 46 TP-T
    • Training Mortar Ammunition 60 mm MKE MOD 256 HE
    • Waterjet disrupter Cartridges 12,7, Electrical Cartridges 12,7
  • Explosives
    • Demolition block ( 1⁄2 lb)
    • Demolition block (1 lb)
    • Demolition block (M5a1 2.5 lb)
    • Dynamite Nitrocellulose
    • Ether
    • Explosive Nitrocellulose
    • Hunting Capsule
    • Lacquers Nitrocellulose
    • Long and Medium Range Antitank Ammunition
    • Propellant 20 mm And 12,7 mm
    • Propellant 5,56 mm and 7,62 mm
    • Propellant For Pistol (Ball 9 mm)
    • Propellant For Rifles 12,7 mm
    • Propellant for Rifles 20 mm
    • Propellant For Rifles 7,62 mm
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 105 mm M1
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 105 mm M1
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 105 mm M30
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 106 mm M26
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 155 mm M1
    • Propellants For Artillery Ammunition 155 mm M6
    • Propellants For Artillery Ammunition 35 MM
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 5/38 "LİK M6
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition 8" M1
    • Propellants for Artillery Ammunition175 mm M6
    • Propellants For Mortars And Priming (M9)
    • Propellants For Mortars And Priming 4,2" (M9)
    • Rocket Nitrocellulose
    • The Propellants for Hunting And Sports Ammunition
    • Training Capsules, 2.Sound K Training Capsule
  • Detectors - demilitarization systems
    • Bomb Demolition and Transfer Trailer
    • Bomb Determination and Demolition Equipments
    • Bomb Determination and Demolition Vehicle
    • Bomb Disposal System
    • Cobra Eod-Bratt Vehicle
    • Dirty bomb Disposal System
    • Demilitarization (Ammunition)
    • Metal Detector - Hand-held (HANDY)
    • Mine Detector (TV/PSS-12)
    • Mine Detectors
    • Mine Lying Device
    • Mine Propellant System
    • Mined Field Clearing System For Vehicles (TAMKAR)
    • Mined Fields Clearing System For Troops
    • Suspicious Package Inspection System
  • Ammunition components, detonators
    • 30 Ms Delay Copper, 30 Ms Delay Aluminum, 500 Ms Delay Aluminum
    • Airplane Drop bomb Composite Body (DOGAN 500 lbs.)
    • Aluminium And Copper Electrical Detonator
    • Ammunition Demilitarization Facility
    • Ammunition Plugs and Plug Parts
    • Ammunition Serving Equipment
    • Ammunition Rocket Igniter
    • Blasting Detonators
    • Bullet Cartridge
    • Bullet Casing
    • Electronic Time Fuse, Inductive Setter for Fuses
    • Hardwire Explosive Demolition Device
    • Multi-Purpose Combat Robot
    • Remote Controlled Detonation System
    • Time Delay Fuze Programmer
    • Various Ammunition Parts
  • Hand grenade
    • Defence Hand Grenade (MKE MOD 44 (MK2))
    • Defence Hand Grenade (MK2)
    • Hand Grenade (MKE MOD 56 Riot Control)
    • Sound Capsules (Anti Riot Grenade, Soundk. 1.Sound)
    • Training Hand Grenadee - Defence (MKE MOD 46)
  • Arms, rocket and missile components
    • Automatic Howitzer Loading Magazine Drive Unit
    • Barrel Insert System (35 mm)
    • Composite Electrical Launching Tube Assembly (ERYX)
    • Composite Gas Discharge Unit
    • Composite Launch Tube (122 mm)
    • Composite Launch Tube (TOROS)
    • Composite Launch Tube 122 mm
    • Composite Pre-Firing Structure and Left Hand Handle (ERYX)
    • Composite War Head Body (122 mm)
    • Composite War Head Body (TOROS)
    • Composite War Head Body 122 mm
    • Composite Barrel Heat Jacket
    • Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System
    • Foldable Rifle Butt
    • G3 Rifle Improved Gun Sling
    • Law Launcher Pipe, Body And Fuse Box 66 mm (M72)
    • Missile - Ramp Plates (TÜBİTAK - SAGE TOROS)
    • Missiles Components
    • Missile Parts and Guidance System Parts Production
    • Night Weapon Sight (M-993 - Small Arms)
    • Night Weapon Sight (M-995 - Navy Guns)
    • Night Weapon Sight (AN/PVS-4 Small Arms)
    • Night Weapon Sight (AN/TVS-5 Heavy Guns)
    • Pistol Body And Various Parts
    • Plastic Parts For Rocket and Missile Systems
    • Rapier - MBDA Components
    • Rocket Pipe (2.75")
    • Sniper Rifle Components
    • STINGER Composite Coolant Reservoir Assembly
    • STINGER Composite Launch Tube
    • STINGER Gyro Activator
    • Stinger Motor Case
    • TANK GUN Components 105 mm (M68 T1)
    • Telescope Mount
    • Thermal Weapon Sight

Electronic warfare

[edit]
  • Airborne systems
    • Counter Measures Dispensing System (SPREAD)
    • Electronic Warfare Self Protection System (ASES-235M)
    • Electronic Warfare System Self-Protection (AN/ALQ178)
    • Helicopter Electronic Warfare Self Protection Suit (HEWS)
    • Radar Warning Receiver - Integrated Defensive Aid System (MİDAS RWR)
    • Remote Controlled Fixed V/Uhf Direction Finding (DF) System (DFINT-3S2)
  • Ground-based systems
    • Detector – Jammer (GK-2 GSM)
    • Detector (GD-2 GSM)
    • Electronical Intelligence and Anti-Intelligence Products
    • Ground Based ELINT System (DFINT-2S)
    • Jammer - Detector (GK-2 GSM)
    • Jammer (GK-1 GSM)
    • Jammer (RF)
    • Jammer (PMJ03)
    • Labris Antivirus / Antispam Gateway Software and Hardware
    • Labris Firewall, VPN, Bandwidth Management and High Availability Management Software and Hardware
    • Labris Intrusion Detection and Prevention Software and Hardware
    • Labris Server Load Balancing Software and Hardware
    • Labris L1-L8 Network Security Appliances
    • Labris URL/Content filter Software and Hardware
    • Land Based Electronic Support (ES) / Electronic Attack (EA) System
    • Mobile Direction Finding (DF) And Intelligence System (DFINT-4A)
    • Mobile HF Tactical Communications Jammer System (JAMINT-4)
    • Tactical Communications Jammer System (JAMINT 3A V/UHF)
  • Shipborne systems
    • Naval Platform Radar Electronic Support System (ARES-2N)
  • Electronic warfare support systems
    • Armoured Tactical Directing Finding System
    • Custom Console Keyboards, Joystick, Trackbal solutions
    • Digital Media Modernization (SAMED - RACAL)
    • Electronic Warfare and Programming Simulation Systems (LR-100 EWPSS)
    • Electronic Warfare Operator Training Simulator (EHOPES)
    • Electronic Warfare Training Simulator (JETS Joint)
    • Infrared Signature Measurement System
    • Laser Target Pointer (ATOK)
    • Labris Antivirus / Antispam Gateway Software and Hardware
    • Labris Firewall, VPN, Bandwidth Management and High Availability Management Software and Hardware
    • Labris Intrusion Detection and Prevention Software and Hardware
    • Labris Server Load Balancing Software and Hardware
    • Labris L1-L8 Network Security Appliances
    • Labris URL/Content filter Software and Hardware
    • Monitoring and Interception Systems (DUMAN)
    • Radar signature prediction and analysis software (RIKA)
    • Realistic Microwave and Profile Radar Simulator Based on Scientific Modeling (SOFTWARE)

C4ISR

[edit]
  • Command, control systems
    • Acoustic Mission planning system (AMPS)
    • Air Defense Early Warning and C4I System (SKYWATCHER)
    • Air Defense Early Warning and C4I System Base and Harbour Defense Version (SKYWATCHER)
    • Arahap
    • Armeryol
    • Atimevse
    • Command and Control System (on Armoured Vehicle)
    • Maritime Patrol Aircraft Command Control Systems (MELTEM)
    • Labris Antivirus / Antispam Gateway Software and Hardware
    • Labris Firewall, VPN, Bandwidth Management and High Availability Management Software and Hardware
    • Labris Intrusion Detection and Prevention Software and Hardware
    • Labris Server Load Balancing Software and Hardware
    • Labris L1-L8 Network Security Appliances
    • Labris URL/Content filter Software and Hardware
    • Mini Combat System (AMICOS)
    • Naval Combat Systems Integration
    • Reconnaissance / Surveillance System on Vehicle(MARS-V)
    • Reconnaissance Surveillance System on Vehicle (SAHARA)
    • Ship Command Control System (GEMKOMSIS)
    • Ship Integrated Combat Management System (GENESIS)
    • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
    • Tactical Command Control System (TACCS)
    • Turkish Air Force Integrated Command and Control System (TICCS)
    • C4ISR Modeling and Simulation System
    • Air Traffic Control Station Recording Systems (DUMAN)
    • Command Control Computer (CCC)
    • Console Parts
    • Decoder and Tracking system (MITIS IFF)
    • Digital Media Modernization (SAMED - RACAL)
    • Decoder and Tracking system (MITIS IFF)
    • Genesis Integrated Link System (GELIS)
    • Genesis Tactical Data Link System – Modernization Program (GVLS-MP)
    • Interface Unit (BTS)
    • Labris Antivirus / Antispam Gateway Software and Hardware
    • Labris Firewall, VPN, Bandwidth Management and High Availability Management Software and Hardware
    • Labris Intrusion Detection and Prevention Software and Hardware
    • Labris Server Load Balancing Software and Hardware
    • Labris L1-L8 Network Security Appliances
    • Labris URL/Content filter Software and Hardware
    • Mission Computer (Aselsan)
    • Military Hand-Held Computer (HT-7243/A-PM)
    • Military Lap-top Computer (LT-7241/A)
    • Mobile Command Control Center
    • Multifunction Operator Console (MOC)
    • Operator Console (OPCON)
    • Sub System Adaptation Unit (SAU)
    • Survey Information Center System (YOHMS)
    • Tactical Information Display System (METEOR BS)
  • Communication systems
    • Automatic Signal Information System (AQUILA HF, VHF, UHF)
    • Communication Planning Tool
    • Compas View Test Tool Kit
    • Field Telephone
    • Frequency Hopping Radio Link (GRC-5218 Band III+ 8 Mbit/s)
    • Genesis Tactical Data Link System – Modernization Program (GVLS-MP)
    • Helicopter Tactical Data Link System (HELIS)
    • IFF Mode-C
    • IFF Mode-T
    • IFF Systems
    • Integrated Communication Systems (Mobile)
    • Labris Antivirus / Antispam Gateway Software and Hardware
    • Labris Firewall, VPN, Bandwidth Management and High Availability Management Software and Hardware
    • Labris Intrusion Detection and Prevention Software and Hardware
    • Labris Server Load Balancing Software and Hardware
    • Labris L1-L8 Network Security Appliances
    • Link 11-16 Software
    • Message Handling System (MHS)
    • Multi Media Transmission Communication System (FORESC-3)
    • Network Security Device (AGC-100T)
    • Satellite Communication System (X-BAND)
    • Secure Voice and Data Communication Device (ÖZDEM II)
    • Tactical Area Communication Systems (TACOMS)
    • Tactical Secure Wireless Local Area Network (TS-WLAN)
    • Turkish Armed Forces Integrated Communication System (TAFICS)
  • Radios
    • Airborne Transceiver - HF (SRT 170, 270, 470/L)
    • Digital Receiver - HF/SSB (SP-2295R)
    • Digital Tank/Vehicular Communication System
    • Frequency Hopping VHF/UHF Ground Radios (Have Quick I-II)
    • Ground-Air Radios (GCA 1000 Series)
    • Hand Radio
    • Multiband Multimode Handheld Radio (PRC-9651)
    • Multiband Multimode Manpack/Vehicular Radio (PRC/VRC-9661)
    • Radio (CNR 2000)
    • Radio (H4855 PRR)
    • Radio Listening and Recording Unit (APCO 25)
    • Radios (4700 Analog / Digital / Trunk)
    • Search and Rescue Hand-Held Transceiver (PRC-434A-SMT)
    • Transceiver - HF (SRT-2007)
    • Transceiver - HF (SRT-602)
    • Transceiver - HF/SSB (SP-2296)
    • Transceiver - V/UHF AM/FM (SRT 619/NV)
    • Transmitter HF/SSB (ST-5000 - ST-10000)
  • Crypto equipment
    • Bulk Crypto Equipment (MİLON-6 34 Mbit/s)
    • Bulk Crypto Equipment (MİLON-7 155 Mbit/s)
    • Bulk Encryption Equipment (MİLON-5 2 Mbit/s)
    • Crypto Key Loading Device (KAYC-10B)
    • Crypto Key Reading Device (KAOC-8)
    • Crypto Unit Design (DEMET)
    • Data Encryption Equipment
    • Data Encryption Equipment (MİLON-4A)
    • Electronic Crypto Key Transfer and Fill Equipment (EKATAC)
    • Electronic Crypto Key Transfer and Fill Equipment (EKAYUC)
    • Encryption Equipment (2041)
    • Link Encryption Equipment (EKAHAK)
    • Synchronous Data Encryption Equipment (SVKC)
    • TSK-1 ISDN BRI Crypto Equipment
    • TSK-2 ISDN PRI Crypto Equipment
    • Voice Encryption Equipment
  • Other subsystems
    • Airborne Data Link Processor (ADLP) Software Development (ADLP-100)
    • AC Power Line filter (TGH-16 TEMPEST)
    • Business Communications Manager (BCM)
    • Business Secure Router (BSR 222)
    • Communication Systems, Power Supplies, Transmission Systems, Infrastructure Design and Manufacturing
    • Communications Portfolio (Meridian)
    • Digital Radiolink Equipment (SRC8000)
    • Digital Radiolink Equipment (SRC8000)
    • Digital Radiolink Equipment (SRL5800)
    • DC Power Line filter (TDC-5 TEMPEST)
    • Digital Terminal (ISDN)
    • Data Transfer Systems (Wide Band Link)
    • Fax Analog Digital Converter (FASD-1)
    • Fax Security Equipment (FGC-2)
    • Gateway Device Over HF-VHF-UHF/IP * FORMUS: Multi-Transmission Media Communication System (FORGEC FORMUS)
    • GSM Monitoring and Interception Systems (DUMAN)
    • Integrated Message Handling System
    • Multiple Optical Line Terminating Unit (MOLTU)
    • Message Terminal Unit (TB-2000)
    • Multiplexer (TN-1XE SD)
    • National Fillgun Equipment (MİLAY-1)
    • Signal Line filter (SM-10 TEMPES)
    • Signal Line filter (SM-5 TEMPES)
    • Signal Line filter Panel (SP-100 TEMPEST)
    • Secure Terminal Equipment (SecVoice-2)
    • Tactical Data/ Internet Communication Unit
    • Tactical Area Communications System, ISDN and ATM Terminals and ISDN Terminals (TACOMS)
    • Wireless and Wireline Local Area Network Switch
  • Fire control systems
    • Automatic Fire Control and Barrel Aiming Systems for 81–120 mm Mortars
    • Artillery Fire Support System (TADES)
    • Computerized Gun Laying System
    • Computerized wireless Scoring Target System
    • Fire Control System (ATMACA)
    • Field Artillery Battery Fire Direction System (BAIKS-2000)
    • Fire Control System (for Leopard 1 Tanks - VOLKAN)
    • Fire Support Team Headquarter / Forward Observer's Vehicle (ADESTIM)
    • Fire Support Automation System (AFSAS) (ADOP-2000)
    • Fire Support Command Control Communication System (TAIKS)
    • Firing Control System (T-122 Sakarya) (BORA-2100)
    • Mortar Fire Direction System (HAIKS)
    • Naval Gun Fire Control System (76 mm FCS)
    • Self Propelled FIRTINA (TUSpH STORM) Howitzer Fire Control System (T-155)
    • Termal Fire Control System (Eeagleeye)
    • Thermal Sighting System With Laser Range Finder (DNTSS-LRF)
    • Collimator Instrument
    • Goniometer (Digital, ASELGON)
    • Muzzle Velocity Radar (7941)
    • Intervalometer (SEI2000-1/2)
    • Intervalometer (SUU-25 Flare Dispenser)
    • Intervalometer (Flare Dispenser) (SUU-25)
    • Intervalometer (Firing Control Unit) (Z02 M)
    • Position Periscope
    • Target Pointer (AIM/1D)
    • Target Pointer (ATOK)
    • Target Pointers (IRAD 2500)
    • Target Pointers (IRAD 600)
    • Target Pointers (M-9395/M-9396)
    • Target Pointer (M-9886)
    • Target Pointer (REM007/TEM007)


See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Karl Dewey; Haena Jo; Fenella McGerty; Ester Sabatino; Tom Waldwyn (29 July 2024). "On The Outside Looking In: Turkiye's Peripheral Role in European Defence-industrial Collaboration Since the End of the Cold War". The International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  2. ^ "Faced with Russia, EU's defence must include Turkey". France24. 7 March 2025. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  3. ^ Tom Waldwyn (20 January 2025). "Turkiye's defence industry charts a course for European growth". The International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  4. ^ "Turkiye's booming defence industry – a quick look". Al Jazeera. 17 March 2025. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  5. ^ "Turkey is the arms industry's new upstart". The Economist. 12 February 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  6. ^ "OPINION - Türkiye's rise in defense sector: Filling the gaps in defense industry manufacturing". Anadolu Agency. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  7. ^ "Turkish defence industry reaches 70% domestic production capacity". Middle East Monitor. 28 December 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  8. ^ "Turkish defense products empower, protect world armies". Anadolu Agency. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  9. ^ "OPINION - Türkiye's rise in defense sector: Filling the gaps in defense industry manufacturing". Anadolu Agency. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  10. ^ "Golden age for Turkish aviation: 9 homegrown aircraft soared skies in decade". Anadolu Agency. 24 February 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  11. ^ "Türk savunma sanayisi 10 yıla 13 havacılık motoru sığdırdı" [Turkish defense industry fits 13 aviation engines into 10 years]. Anadolu Agency. 10 March 2024.
  12. ^ a b Egeli, Sıtkı; Güvenç, Serhat; Kurç, Çağlar; Mevlütoğlu, Arda (1 May 2024). "From Client to Competitor: The Rise of Turkiye's Defence Industry" (PDF). International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  13. ^ Murat Karagöz. "US Arms embargo against Turkey". Perceptions-Journal of International Affairs,Winter 2004-2005. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  14. ^ Adrian Blomfield (15 March 2025). "Erdogan uses upheaval to place Turkey at the centre of the world again". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 17 March 2025. Soldiers aside, Turkey's defence industry is now a world leader, manufacturing drones, battle-tanks, armoured vehicles, fighter jets, air defence systems and even warships – all much needed in Europe as it races to rearm.
  15. ^ Jens Bastian (23 February 2024). "Turkey: An Emerging Global Arms Exporter". German Institute for International and Security Affairs. Retrieved 20 March 2025. Over the past decade, Turkey's defence industry has undergone rapid development and its products have repeatedly proved their military capability.
  16. ^ Ron Synovitz (13 November 2020). "Technology, Tactics, And Turkish Advice Lead Azerbaijan To Victory In Nagorno-Karabakh". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
  17. ^ "mogol makine". Archived from the original on 25 February 2017.

Sources

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