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Dakar–Niger Railway

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Dakar-Niger Railway
Map of the Dakar–Niger Railway
Overview
Native nameChemin de fer Dakar-Niger
Termini
StationsDakar, Thiès, Tambacounda, Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako, Koulikoro
Service
TypeHeavy rail
History
Opened1 January 1924
Technical
Track length1,287 km (799.70 mi)
Number of tracksDouble track between Dakar and Thiès
Single track otherwise
Track gauge1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
Operating speed65 km/h (40 mph)
Route map

Legend
1287 km
 Mali Koulikoro
Korofina
Bamako
Kati
Kita
Oualia
Bafoulabé
Diamou
Kayes
646 km
The Falémé River
 Kidira
Nayé
Goudiry
Bala
400 km
 Tambacounda
Koussanar
Koumpentoum
Koungheul
Kaffrine
Lydiane
Kaolack
Guinguinéo
Gossas
Touba
Mbacké
Diourbel
Bambey
Dakar-Saint-Louis railway
80 km
 Thiès
28 km
 Rufisque
Petit train de banlieue
3 km
 Hann
0 km
 Senegal Dakar

The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

As of 2013 passenger services in Mali were only being offered three days between Bamako and Kayes via Kati and Diamou.[1] There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010.

History

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Construction

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A train traveling along the railroad c. 1908

Construction work on the Dakar–Niger Railway began at the end of the 19th century under the French general Gallieni, commander of French Sudan.

A French colonial railroad inspector and three unidentified men in 1904

The railroad connected the Niger River with the port of Dakar, allowing the transport of raw materials across the globe. The line was completed at the beginning of the 20th century, the Kayes-Koulikoro section being inaugurated in 1904. However, the final section of the line did not open until 1924.[2]

1947 strike

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In 1947, the railroad workers went on a several-month strike to obtain the same rights as the French railwaymen. They succeeded in winning a 20% raise, though strike leaders were jailed or fired. The strike was celebrated as a turning point in the anti-colonial struggle by Senegalese writer Ousmane Sembène in his 1960 novel God's Bits of Wood.[2]

Post-independence operation

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With the independence of Mali and Senegal, after the break-up of the Mali Federation, control of the railroad was divided between two national organisations, the Régie des Chemin de fer du Mali (RCFM) and the Régie des Chemins de Fer du Sénégal.[3] An agreement between Senegal and Mali in 1962 determined the common operation of the line by the two railway companies.[2]

Privatization

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In October 2003, Senegal and Mali privatised the railway following pressure from the World Bank. Transrail, a Franco-Canadian management consortium, took over management of the line, changing hands several times.[4] Management issues and a lack of investment led to serious degradation of the infrastructure and rolling stock and numerous delays. In Senegal, the maximum speed of the trains in many places has been limited to 20 km/h due to the bad state of the tracks.

Despite Transrail's obligation to maintain a passenger service, they concentrated on the transport of goods. Many stations have been closed and the numbers of connections reduced, creating difficulties for isolated communities. Passenger services have been suspended since an accident on 13 May 2009 killed five and injured thirty-seven. A Dakar-bound train came off the tracks between Bala and Goudiry in Tambacounda Region, Senegal. Four carriages reportedly overturned, but no official cause was determined.[5][4]

Transrail was bought in 2007 by the Belgian company Vecturis.[6] With continually degrading infrastructure and mounting security problems, passenger service was halted in May 2010.[7][2] In 2015, the governments of Mali and Senegal terminated the concession to Transrail, and a new entity, Dakar-Bamako Ferroviaire, took its place. They reached an agreement with China Railway Construction Corp (International) to restore their respective parts of the line.[8] Without measurable progress, however, freight service was suspended in 2018, leading to a 20% drop in activity at the Port of Dakar.[2]

Until 2015 the petit train de banlieue, a twice-daily service between Dakar and Thiès, ran on the Dakar-Niger rails, and the Train Express Regional from Dakar to Diamniadio opened in 2021 along part of the same route.[7]

Current status

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Tambacounda station, 2009

The only regular train on the Dakar-Niger route as of September 2023 is the TER. Nevertheless, the Senegalese government is currently working on rehabilitating the line as far as Tambacounda in order to reduce the number of trucks on the highways linking the Port of Dakar with Mali and other neighboring countries. An estimated 3-400 leave the port every day. In a second planned phase, a new standard gauge line to Tambacounda and eventually to Bamako will replace the current one.[9] As a first step, in June 2023 a test run was conducted between Thies and Diourbel, with a full opening of that route planned for December 2023 or January 2024.[10]

Statistics

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Kati station

"Tableau comparative des exportations par rail"[11] No sources are given for any of this data, which shows the number of tons of different products exported in various years:

Product 1924 1934 1952–3 1955–6
Shelled peanuts - 7,422 7,250 -
Peanuts in shells 4,125 1,990 55,000 147,900
Gum arabic 936 1,196 1,000 1,500
Karité 416 2690 9,750 -
Animal skins 787 841 10,000 -
Cotton - 185 - 18,200
Millet 236 - - 850,000
1968[3]
Passengers 3,574,000
Freight (in tonnes) 1,548,000

Technical

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  • Gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
  • Brakes: The railway uses vacuum brakes.[12]
  • Couplers: Buffers and Chain, European[13] - see loco CC2286.
  • Highest point 1,515 feet (462 m) near Bamako.

Branch lines

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There are a number of branch lines including:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Mali, Seat 61, http://www.seat61.com/Senegal.htm#.U2JXgMfEc7A
  2. ^ a b c d e "Le train Dakar-Bamako : histoire d'un lent déclin". Kaay Xool. Au Senegal. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  3. ^ a b Sampson, Henry (1972). Jane's World Railways: 1972–1973. Sampson Low, Marston & Co. ISBN 0-354-00107-8.
  4. ^ a b Martineau, Sébastien (18 April 2014). "'Dakar-Niger' – Slow death of a railway line". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  5. ^ At least five die as train derails in Senegal Archived 18 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 14 May 2009.
  6. ^ Transrail[permanent dead link‍] (in French)
  7. ^ a b "Le chemin de fer sénégalais". Kay Xool (in French). Au Senegal. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  8. ^ Ltd, DVV Media International. "New operator for Dakar – Bamako railway". Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  9. ^ Ollivier, Thea (3 August 2021). "Au Sénégal, la renaissance très attendue du train Dakar-Tambacounda". Le Monde. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  10. ^ Diouf, Mohamed (23 June 2023). "Relance chemin de fer : Et Thiès réentend siffler le train (vidéo)". Senego. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  11. ^ Faur, Jean-Claude (1969). La mise en valeur ferroviaire de l'AOF (1880–1939) (PhD thesis). Paris: Université de Paris. OCLC 490122343.
  12. ^ "sulzer engines in french west africa, senegal". www.derbysulzers.com. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  13. ^ "espacetrain.com". Retrieved 27 September 2018.
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