Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Difference between revisions
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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Dadra and Nagar Haveli's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $ |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $21895 trillion in current prices. Its nominal GDP increased to $360 million in the year 2009 with a per capita GDP of $1,050. The economy of DNH relies on five major activities viz. Agriculture, Industries, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Tourism.<ref name=socio-eco>{{cite book|last=Shah|first=N.R.|title=Socio Economic Development of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|year=2008|publisher=Dept. of Planning and Statistics, DNH|location=DNH|pages=51}}</ref><ref name=TCS /><ref name="dnh_ind">[http://www.dnh.nic.in/industry.html Industries in Dadar and Nagar Haveli]</ref><ref name=DNHIA>{{cite web|title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli Industries Association|url=http://www.ut-dnhindass.org/Facts_Figure.html|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> |
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===Agriculture=== |
===Agriculture=== |
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Revision as of 04:34, 21 September 2012
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
दादरा एवं नगर हवेली દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી | |
|---|---|
Union Territory | |
| Country | India |
| State | Dadra and Nagar Haveli |
| Established | 1961-08-11 |
| Capital | Silvassa |
| Government | |
| • Administrator | Shri B.S. Bhalla, IAS |
| Area | |
| • Total | 487 km2 (188 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 4th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 342,853 |
| • Rank | 33rd |
| • Density | 700/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Gujarati, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-DN |
| No. of districts | 1 |
| HDI |  0.618 (2005) |
| HDI Category | high |
| Website | dnh |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli (/ˈd[invalid input: 'ah']dr[invalid input: 'ah'][invalid input: 'and']ˌnʌɡərˌhəˈvɛli/) Hindi: दादरा एवं नगर हवेली, (Template:Lang-gu is a Union Territory in western India. Nagar Haveli is wedged between Maharashtra and Gujarat, whereas Dadra is an enclave lying a few kilometres north of Nagar Haveli in Gujarat. Its capital is Silvassa. The territory lies some ten to thirty kilometres up-river from the city of Daman.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH) are in the watershed of the Daman Ganga River, which flows through the territory. The towns of Dadra and Silvassa lie on the north bank of the river. The Western Ghats range rises to the east, and the foothills of the range occupy the eastern portion of the district. The territory is landlocked, although the Arabian Sea coast lies just to the west in Gujarat.
The major spoken languages in the territory are Gujarati, Hindi and Marathi.[1]
To keep the English at bay and to enlist their support against the Moghals, the Marathas made friends with the Portuguese and signed with them a treaty in 1779. According to this historic treaty of friendship, the Maratha-Peshwa agreed that the Portuguese will be allowed to collect revenues from Dadra and Nagar Haveli which consisted of 72 villages (then known as parganas, now referred to as district places). These territories were earlier ruled by the Koli chiefs who were defeated by the Hindu kings of Jawhar and Ramnagar. The Marathas conquered and annexed these territories to their kingdom.
By and large, this treaty was signed only to the extent that the Portuguese will only collect the revenue in compensation for their loss of a warship called Santana which had earlier been captured by the Marathas but not surrendered to the Portuguese in spite of their many entreaties.
The area of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is spread over 491 km2, landlocked between Gujarat to the north and Maharashtra to the south. It was liberated from its Portuguese rulers on 2 August 1954. The people of the territory established free administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, which was finally merged into the Union of India in 1961.
Geography
The Union Territory comprises two distinct geographical units — Dadra and Nagar Haveli. It is situated on the Western coast of India between the parallels of 20º – 0’ and 20º – 25’ of latitude North and between the meridian 72º – 50’ and 73º – 15’ of longitude East. It occupies an area of 491 square kilometres (190 sq mi),[2] comparatively equivalent to the Phillippines' Biliran Island.[3] It ranks 4th among the Union Territories and 32nd including the states.[4] The territory is surrounded by Valsad District of Gujarat on the West, North and East and by Thana District of Maharashtra on the South and South-East.[5]
Topography
The stretch of the geographical area is hilly terrain especially towards the northeast and east where it is surrounded by ranges of Sahyadri mountains (western ghats). The central region of the land is almost plain and the soil is fertile and rich. The river Damanganga rises in the Ghat 64 km from the western coast and discharges itself in the Arabian Sea at the port of Daman after crossing Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Its three tributaries viz. Varna, Pipri and Sakartond join Daman Ganga within the territory.[6][7]
Flora and fauna
About 43% of the land is under forest cover. However, the reserved forest cover is about 20,359 hectares (50,310 acres) in this territory constitutes about 40% of the total geographical area. The protected forests constitute 2.45% of the total land area.
According to satellite data taken in 2008, UT has roughly about 114 square kilometres (28,000 acres) of moderately dense forest and 94 square kilometres (23,000 acres) open forest. As per Forest Survey of India, DNH has two major forest types: Tropical Moist Deciduous forest and Tropical Dry Deciduous forest. The major produce is Khairwood and timber. Teak, Sandra, Khair, Mahara and Sisam are the major tree species in the region.[7]
Tree cover has been estimated around 27 square kilometres (6,700 acres) from the six year data (2002–08), which is around 5.5% of the total geographical area of DNH.[8]
The rich biodiversity makes it an ideal habitat for a variety of birds and animals. This makes it a perfect spot for eco-tourism. Silvassa is an incredible eco-tourism spot for wildlife enthusiasts.
Climate
The climate of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is typical of its type. Being near the coast, it has a maritime climatic conditions. The summers are hot and humid with temperatures reaching as high as 39° in the month of May. The monsoon starts in the month of June and extends till September and is equally humid. The rainfall is brought by South West monsoon winds. It is known as the Cherrapunji of the western India receiving annual rainfall of about 200–250 cm. Winters are generally pleasant with temperatures ranging from 14° to 30°.[9][10]
History
The profound history of Dadra and Nagar Haveli begins with the defeat of the Kohli chieftains of the region by the invading Rajput kings. It was the Marathas that retrieved the region from the rule of the Rajputs in the mid 18th century. In 1779, the Maratha Peshwa formed an alliance with the Portuguese allowing them to collect revenue from the 79 villages of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The rule of the Portuguese in the region continued till the region gained independence on 2 August 1954. The region was merged with the Union of India in the year 1961.[11]
Portuguese era
The Portuguese occupied Nagar Haveli on 10 June 1783 on the basis of Friendship Treaty executed on 17th Dec.1779 as compensation towards damage to the Portuguese frigate by Maratha Navy.[12] Then, in 1785 the Portuguese purchased Dadra. It was administered by the Portuguese governor of Daman until 1954
Liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
After India attained Independence in 1947, the residents of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, with the help of volunteers of organisations like the United Front of Goans (UFG), the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, the National Movement Liberation Organisation (NMLO) and the Azad Gomantak Dal liberated the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli from Portuguese rule in 1954.[13]
Integration into India
Although it enjoyed de facto independence, Dadra and Nagar Haveli were still recognized internationally (e.g., by the International Court of Justice) as Portuguese possessions.[14] The residents of the former colony requested the government of India for administrative help. K.G. Badlani, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) was sent as the administrator.
From 1954 to 1961, the territory was administered by a body called the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli.[15][16]
In 1961 when Indian forces took over Goa, Daman, and Diu, Badlani was, for one day, designated the Prime Minister of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, so that, as Head of State, he could sign an agreement with the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and formally merge Dadra and Nagar Haveli with the Republic of India.
Administration
Template:IndiaCensusPop A Lieutenant Governor administers the territory, which covers an area of 188 sq mi or 487 km² and consists of two talukas:
Dadra is the headquarters of Dadra taluka, comprising Dadra town and two other villages. Silvassa is the headquarters of Nagar Haveli taluka, comprising Silvassa town and 68 other villages.
Economy
Dadra and Nagar Haveli's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $21895 trillion in current prices. Its nominal GDP increased to $360 million in the year 2009 with a per capita GDP of $1,050. The economy of DNH relies on five major activities viz. Agriculture, Industries, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Tourism.[5][7][17][18]
Agriculture
The basic economic activity of the territory is agriculture involving about 60% of the working population. The total land area under cultivation is 236.27 square kilometres (58,380 acres) i.e. 48% of the total geographical area. The main food crops cultivated in this area are paddy (40% of the net sown area), ragi,small millets, jowar, sugarcanes, tur,nagli and val. Vegetables like tomato, cauliflower, cabbage and brinjal are also grown. Agriculture sector has given a major boost to the economy of DNH.
The local population is also involved in forestry and animal husbandry. There is a full-fledged veterinary hospital and nine veterinary dispensaries. Mass vaccination against various diseases is done regularly free of cost by the Animal Husbandry Department.[5]
Industry
Another major contributor to the economy are the manufacturing industries. Due to heavy industrialisation in the region owing to tax stops for industries in the union territories, a steady growth in employment has been observed. The employment generation is increasing at the pace of 5% per annum.
Industrialisation in the area began in 1965 when the first industrial unit in the UT was started at Piparia, Silvassa in the cooperative sector by Dan Udyog Sahakari Sangh Ltd, following which three industrial estates were established at Masat(1978), Khadoli(1982) and Silvassa (1985). Earlier (before 1965) only traditional craftsmen who made clay pots, leather items, viz., chappals, shoes and some other items of bamboo were present. Since there was no sales tax in the UT, it attracted many entrepreneurs. Around 30 new units comprising Engineering, fabric weaving units and dyeing and printing units were established till 1970.
In 1971, UT was declared as industrially backward area by Government of India and increased the cash subsidy to 15 to 25% for the industrial units on their capital investment which resulted in the speedy industrial development. The scheme was however terminated from 30 September 1988. Sales Tax Act was implemented from January 1984 till 1998 under which industries enjoyed sales tax exemption for 15 years from the start-up date. VAT was introduced in 2005. At present the newly established units get Central Sales Tax exemption which will continue till 2017.[17]
There are more than 2710 units functioning providing employment to about 46000 people with a capital investment of ₹37,783.10 crore (US$4.5 billion).[5]
| Type | Number |
|---|---|
| Small scale industries | 2118 |
| Medium scale industries | 564 |
| Large scale industries | 28 |
Demographics
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2012) |
According to the 2011 census Dadra and Nagar Haveli has a population of 342,853,[19] roughly equal to the nation of Belize.[20] This gives it a ranking of 566th in India (out of a total of 640).[19] The district has a population density of 698 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,810/sq mi).[19] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 55.5%[19] which is the highest percentage growth among all Indian states and Union Territory.[21] Dadra and Nagar Haveli has a sex ratio of 775 females for every 1000 males,[19] and a literacy rate of 77.65%.[19]
Tribals make up a large part of the population: 62%. The most prominent are Dhodia (16.90%), Kokna (16.85%) and Varli (62.94%), with small groups of Koli, Kathodi, Naika and Dubla scattered across the territory, collectively representing 3.31% of the population. Dhodias and Dubles mainly populate the Northern part, whereas Koknas and Varlis are found all over the Union Territory. They worship the primary deities of Dis (Sun) and Chand (Moon), and Narandev, Kanasari, Himai, Hirva, Veer, Rangtai and Vagdev.
One prominent feature of this territory is that people from all over India form a part of non-tribal residents. Though Gujaratis have a prime influence in the area. The same is reflected by the fact that Gujarati is a part of one of the three official language. Others being Hindi and English. Besides Gujaratis, one can find Marathis, Rajasthanis, Biharis, Tamilians, Uttar Pradeshis, and people from several other states. The prime reason for such diverse population is the industrial hub. Employment opportunities, good climate and the landscape is highly appealing.
As per Census 2001, out of the 137,225 ST persons of the UT, except 3,796 (2.8 per cent) Christians, the remaining all are Hindus. At the individual tribe level, Kokna have the highest 6.7 per cent Christians population in 2001. Jains also form an important part of the non-tribal population. Recently the Digambara Jains constructed a temple in the capital city Silvassa. Swetambara sects also have a temple in Dadra and Silvassa — two important towns of the union territory. The influence of Swaminarayana has also grown especially in Silvassa. Their temple is under construction and will supposedly be the biggest and most expensive in the area.
Varli
Although commonly associated with Maharashtra, and found in Gujarat too, Varlis (Warlis) consider Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to be their original home. A tribe of non-Aryan origin, they are the largest tribal group in the territory and constitute 62.94% of the total tribal population.
Rituals are extremely important to the Varlis; they are nature worshipers who regard the Sun and the Moon as the eyes of God. Their main deities are Naran dev, Hirwa, Himai and Waghio, and stone images of these deities are found in tree groves. A Bhagat plays the Ghangal (a musical instrument made from gourd, bamboo and iron strings) and performs the rituals.
Traditionally the Varlis wear a loin cloth with a small waist coat and a turban. The women wear a knee-length, one-yard saree — lugde — and adorn themselves with silver and white metal ornaments.
Dhodia
The term Dhodia seems to be derived from Dhundi, which means a small thatched hut, and the Dhodias are primarily hut dwellers. They reside mostly in the northern part of Dadra & Nagar Haveli. They are known to be the most educated among all the tribes and are good cultivators. Some own enough farm land to be able to earn a decent livelihood.
Traditionally the men wear a white knee length dhoti with a shirt or waist coat, white or coloured caps and ornaments like earrings and silver chains around their waist. The women wear a knee length dark blue saree with an aanchal worn from the front and left loose at the back. Popular accessories include colourful bead necklaces, and metal ornaments such as bangles or thick kadas around their ankles
Kokan
The Koknas derive their name from the Konkan region in West India. They haveland of their own, produce paddy and are better cultivators than the Varlis. With the introduction of formal education many of them have moved up the social ladder.
Koknas well built and both men and women often tattoo their bodies, especially their foreheads. The men wear a dhoti up to the knees, with a waist coat or shirt and a turban. The women wear traditional colourful sarees that are either knee length or full length.
Kathodia
The Kathodis, called Katkari in the Thane district of Maharashtra, make up 0.08% of the total tribal population of Dadra & Nagar Haveli. Their name is derived from their profession of kattha or catechew making.
They are considered to be at the bottom of the tribal social ladder. They usually live in forests, in semi-permanent settlements. Most of them cut wood and collect charcoal. The government has tried to improve their standard of living by engaging them in permanent professions. They wear minimal jewelry; what is worn adorns the women only.
See also
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- India
- Outline of India
- Index of India-related articles
- Bibliography of India
- Template:Wikipedia books link
- Portuguese India
- 1961 Indian annexation of Goa
- Goa
References
- ^ Dadra Nagar Haveli tourism
- ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Dadra and Nagar Haveli". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. p. 1213. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
{{cite book}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
Biliran Island 501km2
{{cite web}}: horizontal tab character in|quote=at position 15 (help) - ^ "India.gov Site Map". Retrieved 15 June 2012.
- ^ a b c d Singh, A.K. (2008). "Socio Economic Development of Dadra and Nagar Haveli since its Liberation". 24.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) Cite error: The named reference "socio-eco" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ "Dadra and Nagar Haveli - Land, Climate and transport". Retrieved 2012-06-12.
- ^ a b c "Tourism Perspective Plan for Dadra & Nagar Haveli". Government of India. 2002.
{{cite journal}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Forest and Tree Resources in States and Union Territories". Forest Survey of India. 2011: 255–257.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Silvassa | Climate". Retrieved 12 June 2012.
{{cite web}}: Text "Best Time to Visit Silvassa" ignored (help); Text "Clothing" ignored (help); Text "Temperature" ignored (help); Text "Weather" ignored (help) - ^ "SILVASSA Weather, Silvassa Weather Forecast, Temperature, Festivals, Best Season:". tourism. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "History & Geography of Dadra & Nagar Haveli". Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ NAIR, RAJESHWARY (1). "STUDY OF ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS OF DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE TO THE TRIBES" (PDF). Life sciences Leaflets: 7. ISSN 0976-1098. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ P S Lele, Dadra and Nagar Haveli: past and present, published by Usha P. Lele, 1987,
- ^ "Case cing Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Merits), Judgement of 12 April 1960" (PDF). International Court of Justice Reports 1960: 6. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- ^ Constitution of India, 10th Amendment
- ^ Umaji Keshao Meshram & Ors v. Radhikabhai w/o Anandrao Banapurkar AIR 1986 SC 1272: this judgment mentions the Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in this period
- ^ a b Industries in Dadar and Nagar Haveli
- ^ "Dadra and Nagar Haveli Industries Association". Retrieved 23 June 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01Belize
321,115 July 2011 est..
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); line feed character in|accessdate=at position 17 (help) - ^ "State Census 2011".
External links
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