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JNR Class D51

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JNR Class D51
Soviet Railways D51
Taiwan Railways DT650
Manila Railroad 300 class (1951)
KNR Mika7 (미카7)
JR East's D51 498 on the Jōetsu Line in December 2008
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerHideo Shima
BuilderKawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company
Kisha Seizo
Hitachi
Nippon Sharyo
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Build date1936-1951
Total produced1115 (Japan)
37 (Taiwan)
10 (Philippines)
2 (Korea) 30 (Soviet Union)
Specifications
Gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (KNR Mika7)
Length19,730 mm (64 ft 8+3⁄4 in)
Loco weight76.8 t (75.6 long tons; 84.7 short tons)[1]
Total weight123.0 t (121.1 long tons; 135.6 short tons)
Performance figures
Maximum speed85 km/h (55 mph)
Tractive effort184.3 kN (41,400 lbf)
Career
NumbersJNR : D51 1-D954, D51 1001-1161 (Japan) TRA : DT651-687 (Taiwan) Soviet Railways : D51-1-D51-30 (Soviet Union) KNR : 1701-1702 (Korea) Manila Railroad : 300-309 (Philippines)
Retired1956 (Philippines)
1965 (Korea)
1975 (Japan)
1979 (Soviet Union)
1983 (Taiwan)
Disposition174 preserved, five operational, 6 converted into JNR Class D61 (Japan)
Two preserved (Russia)
Four preserved (Taiwan)

The Class D51 (D51形) is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the Japanese National Railways (JNR), and Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kisha Seizo, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyo, Mitsubishi, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries from 1936 to 1945 and 1950 to 1951. 174 units are in preservation in Japan, including five operational examples. A further 13 are preserved in Russia and Taiwan, bringing the total number of preserved units to 187.

Design and operation

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The design of class D51 was based on the earlier D50, introduced in 1923. Wartime production featured some substitution of wood for steel parts like running boards, smoke deflectors and tender coal bunkers. A total of 1,115 D51s were built,[2] the largest number in any single class of locomotive in Japan. Early D51s were nicknamed Namekuji-gata ("slug-form") for their shape. The locomotive was designed by Hideo Shima. It was used mainly in freight service through the 1960s. Some D51s were fitted with the Giesl ejector in Hokkaido to conserve on fuel.[3]

Service outside Japan

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Soviet Railways D51

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The 30 specially built D51s that were left on Sakhalin (formerly Karafuto) by the retreating Japanese at the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and after the Soviet-Japanese War (1945), were used from 1945 until 1979 by Soviet Railways. One was left outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station, and one is in running condition and is kept at the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station. Additionally two wrecks were left to the north of the city.[4]

Korean National Railways Mika7

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Two locomotives were built for the Korean National Railroad in 1950 by Mitsubishi for South Korea during the Korean War. Designated Mika7 (미카7) class, they were nearly identical to JNR class D51 except for the gauge.[5]

Manila Railroad 300 class (1951)

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According to the a journal published in 1956, ten locomotives were built by Nippon Sharyo for the Manila Railroad Company. These entered service in 1951. Numbered the 300 class, they were named after the cog locomotive class built in the 1910s for the Manila Railway. These locomotives differed from the rest of the D51 builds through the lack of smoke deflectors.[6]

The locomotives had a short service life in the Philippines as Manila Railroad ordered the dieselization of its entire network, having all steam locomotives retired by 1956.[7]

Taiwan Railways Administration DT650

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From 1936 to 1944, Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō and Hitachi had built 32 D51s for Imperial Taiwan Railway. After World War II, they were taken over by Taiwan Railways Administration, and were classified DT650. In 1951, Kisha Seizō built three DT650s and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built two DT650s for Taiwan Railways Administration.[8]

Classification

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Main article: Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification

The classification consists of a "D" for the four sets of driving wheels and the class number 51 for tender locomotives that the numbers 50 through 99 were assigned to under the 1928 locomotive classification rule.

Preserved examples

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Over 173 Class D51 locomotives are preserved in Japan. D51 498 was restored by JR East and pulls special-event trains on JR East lines.[9]

The following is a list of preserved locomotives as of July 2023.[10]

Taiwan

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  • DT652: Preserved at Tainan Sports Park.
  • DT654: Preserved at East Stone Township, Chiayi County. (The current number is DT651)
  • DT668: Preserved in operational condition at Changhua Locomotive Depot.
  • DT670: Preserved at Art and Literature Center, Banqiao District, New Taipei City. (The current number is DT675)
  • DT652 at Tainan Sports Park
    DT652 at Tainan Sports Park
  • DT654 at East Stone Township, Chiayi County
    DT654 at East Stone Township, Chiayi County
  • DT668 on a trial run in Taiwan in November 2011
    DT668 on a trial run in Taiwan in November 2011
  • DT675(Former DT670)
    DT675(Former DT670)

Russia

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  • D51-4: Sakhalin (Static display at the Museum of the Sakhalin Railway)
  • D51-22: Sakhalin (Plinthed outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station)

Japan

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Operational

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  • D51 146: Operated on the Mooka Railway, runs on compressed air. (Semi-operational)
  • D51 200: Preserved in operational condition by JR West at the Kyoto Railway Museum, and was operating on Yamaguchi Line from November 2017 to May 2022, when a crack in one of its bogies was discovered. Restoration work and trial runs are continuing at the Railway Museum.
  • D51 320: Operated at a railway museum in Abira, Hokkaido on compressed air. (Semi-operational)
  • D51 498: Operated by JR East, based at Takasaki Rolling Stock Center[9][11]
  • D51 827: Operated at Aridagawa Railway Park in Wakayama Prefecture, runs on compressed air.

Built in 1938 at the JNR Hamamatsu Works, locomotive number D51 200 has been overhauled and restored to operational condition for use as SL Yamaguchi and SL Kitabiwako starting in 2017.[12]

Static preservation

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  • D51 200 at the Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum in December 2011
    D51 200 at the Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum in December 2011
  • D51 6 in Asahikawa, Hokkaido
    D51 6 in Asahikawa, Hokkaido
  • D51 51 ("Slug" type)
    D51 51 ("Slug" type)
  • D51 125 in Funabashi, Chiba
    D51 125 in Funabashi, Chiba
  • D51 170 in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto
    D51 170 in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto
  • D51 222 in Yogi Park, Naha, Okinawa
    D51 222 in Yogi Park, Naha, Okinawa
  • D51 231 outside the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo in December 2014
    D51 231 outside the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo in December 2014
  • D51 286 in Otaru, Hokkaido
    D51 286 in Otaru, Hokkaido
  • D51 452 at Ome Railway Park in Tokyo
    D51 452 at Ome Railway Park in Tokyo
  • D51 470 in Gifu
    D51 470 in Gifu
  • D51 745 in front of Minakami Station in October 2012
    D51 745 in front of Minakami Station in October 2012
  • D51 774 next to the former Taisha Station in Izumo in March 2016
    D51 774 next to the former Taisha Station in Izumo in March 2016
  • D51 792 in Kasugai, Aichi
    D51 792 in Kasugai, Aichi
  • D51 862 in Machida, Tokyo
    D51 862 in Machida, Tokyo
  • D51 946 at the Coal and Fossils Museum in Iwaki, Fukushima
    D51 946 at the Coal and Fossils Museum in Iwaki, Fukushima
  • D51 1085 in Aridagawa, Wakayama
    D51 1085 in Aridagawa, Wakayama
  • D51 1108 at Sendai Shinkansen Depot in July 2008
    D51 1108 at Sendai Shinkansen Depot in July 2008
  • D51 1116 at The Hirosawa City in Chikusei, Ibaraki
    D51 1116 at The Hirosawa City in Chikusei, Ibaraki

In fiction

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Hiro, a character based on the Class D51 and voiced by Togo Igawa, appears in the 2009 animated film Thomas & Friends: Hero of The Rails and thereafter became one of the show’s mainstays and the first character introduced after the change to CGI.

In the anime Hikarian the character Dozilas is based on the D51 498.

The Transformers Decepticon Astrotrain transforms into a Class D51 and a space shuttle.

The Gobots aka Machine Robo character Loco(Steam Robo) based on D-51 and has the number D-5147 on the character.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to D51.

References

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  1. ^ Inoue, Kōichi (1999). 国鉄機関車辞典 [JNR Locomotive Encyclopedia]. Japan: Sankaido. p. 59. ISBN 4-381-10338-6.
  2. ^ Hirota, Naotaka (January 1972). Steam Locomotives of Japan. Kodansha America, Inc. p. 74 & 78. ISBN 978-0870111853.
  3. ^ Japan Railway Journal, Kyoto Railway Museum: The Story of Rail Transport in Japan. Japan Railway Journal. Japan: NHK World-Japan. 2016. Event occurs at 10:14.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin Island - at International Steam Locomotives
  5. ^ "Korean National RR Mika-7 2-8-2". Don's Rail Photos. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^ Locomotive Engineers Journal. Vol. 90. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. 1956.
  7. ^ "The Passing of the Steam Engine". This Week. August 12, 1956. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  8. ^ "DT650 class". Kurogane No Michi. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020.
  9. ^ a b JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 2009. ISBN 978-4-7770-0836-0.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Sasada, Masahiro (September 2012). 国鉄&JR保存車大全 [JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide]. Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. pp. 133–135. ISBN 978-4863206175.
  11. ^ JR East Takasaki Branch D51 498 website (in Japanese) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)
  12. ^ JR西日本、D51形200号機が本線運転復活へ [JR West to restore D51 20 to mainline operational condition]. Mynavi News (in Japanese). Japan: Mynavi Corporation. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  13. ^ 津山市 来月からD51の展示始まる [D51 to go on display at Tsuyama from next month]. RSK News (in Japanese). Japan: Sanyo Broadcasting Co., Ltd. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

See also

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