Cyclone Ita: Difference between revisions
No edit summary Tag: reference list removal |
|||
Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| Extratropical=14 April 2014 |
| Extratropical=14 April 2014 |
||
| Gusts=162.5 |
| Gusts=162.5 |
||
| 1-min winds= |
| 1-min winds=135tyyeryrytr |
||
| 10-min winds= |
| 10-min winds=115yeryreyr |
||
| Pressure=930 |
| Pressure=930 |
||
| Fatalities=22 total |
| Fatalities=22 total |
||
Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
| Hurricane season=[[2013–14 Australian region cyclone season]] |
| Hurricane season=[[2013–14 Australian region cyclone season]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Severe Tropical |
'''Severe Tropical Cyclreyryrtytyone Ita''' was the stronyrtyest [[tropicatytryrtyrl cyclone]] to impact [[Queensland]], [[Australia]] since [[Cyclone Yasi]] three years prior. The system was first identified over the [[Solomon Islands]] as a tropical low on 1 April 2014, and gradually moved westward, eventually reaching cyclone intensity on 5 April. On 10 April, Ita intensified rapidly into a powerful Category 5 system on the Australian Scale, but it weakened to a Category 4 system in the hours immediately preceding [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] the following day. At the time of landfall at [[Cape Flat5467457765tery]] at 12 April 22:00 ([[UTC+10]]), [[Dvorak technique|Dvorak intensity]] was approximately T5.0, consistent with a weak Category 4 system, and considerably lower than T6.5 observed when the system was at maximal intensity. Meteorologists noted the system had, at such time, developed a secondary eyewall which weakened the inner eyewall; as a result, the system was considerably less powerful than various intensity scales predicted. Ita's impact on terrain was attenuated accordingly. |
||
Initial estimates placed damage in Queensland over A$1 billion (US$936 million), with insurance claims yet to be tallied. |
Initial estimates placed damage in Queensland over A$1 billion (US$936 million), with insurance claims yet to be tallied. |
||
== |
==Meteorologirtyryrcal history== |
||
{{storm path| |
{{storm path|Iselle 2014 track.png}} |
||
iselle not ita, a broad, poorly-defined [[Low-pressure area|area of low pressure]] consolidated over the [[Solomon Islands]]. Initially only accompanied by flaring [[Atmospheric convection|convection]], the system persisted in a region of low [[wind shear]] and strong [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] which promoted gradual [[Tropical cyclogenesis|development]].<ref>{{cite report|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|date=1 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans|url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abpw10.pgtw..txt|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OVGjETka|archivedate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Upon formation, the [[Bureau of Meteorology]] (BoM) office in [[Brisbane]] monitored the system as a tropical low.<ref>{{cite report|work=Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Center|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|date=1 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Tropical Cyclone Three Day Outlook for the Coral Sea|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/products/IDQ10810.shtml|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OWoBiSIA|archivedate=2 April 2014}}</ref> [[Rainband|Banding features]] gradually developed and wrapped around the circulation and deep convection became persistent by 2 April.<ref>{{cite report|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=2 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Significant Tropic67al Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans|url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abpw10.pgtw..txt|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OWo26g75|archivedate=2 April 2014}}</ref> A large [[central dense overcast]] blos655somed over the low early on 3 April, prompting the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) to issue a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]].<ref>{{7cite report|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=6 57pril 2014|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert|url=http://weather.noaa.g567v/pub/data/raw567445756/wt/wtps21.pgtw..txt|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OYLWNKPx|archivedate=3 April 2014}}</ref> |
|||
After moving away from Papua New Guinea, Ita underwent [[Rapid deepening|explosive intensification]] and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone early on 11 April. Winds were estimated to have reached 215 km/h (130 mph) alongside a minimum central pressure of 930 [[Bar (unit)|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 27.46 [[Inches of Mercury|inHg]]). Turning to the south-southeast, the storm weakened somewhat before making [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] near [[Cape Flattery (Queensland)|Cape Flattery]] as a Category 4 later on 11 April. An automated station on [[Lizard Island]], roughly {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the storm's centre, recorded a pressure of 954 mbar (hPa; 28.17 inHg). Once onshore Ita weakened dramatically to a Category 1 within 18 hours. Maintaining gale-force winds the storm turned southwest |
After moving away from Papua New Guinea, Ita underwent [[Rapid deepening|explosive intensification]] and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone early on 11 April. Winds were estimated to have reached 215 km/h (130 mph) alongside a minimum central pressure of 930 [[Bar (unit)|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]; 27.46 [[Inches of Mercury|inHg]]). Turning to the south-southeast, the storm weakened somewhat before making [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] near [[Cape Flattery (Queensland)|Cape Flattery]] as a Category 4 later on 11 April. An automated station on [[Lizard Island]], roughly {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the storm's centre, recorded a pressure of 954 mbar (hPa; 28.17 inHg). Once onshore Ita weakened dramatically to a Category 1 within 18 hours. Maintaining gale-force winds the storm turned southwest and75756tropical cyclone]] as it moved away from Australia and towards [[New Zealand]].<ref name="PTCR">{{cite report|author=Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Wa577rning Centre|work=Bureau of Meteorology|publisher=Government of Australia|date=16 April 2014|accessdate=18 April 2014|title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/qld/qldtc20140405.shtml}}</ref> Ita's extratropical remnants combined with a low pressure system to the south and re-intensified. On 17 April, the low-level circulation center of the storm collapsed, as Ita affected [[New Zealand]], bringing heavy rainfall and powerful winds.<ref>http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/ita-slamming-into-new-zealand/43175</ref> |
||
56 |
|||
⚫ | |||
Dramitc edits!!!! |
|||
⚫ | |||
[[File:Cyclone Ita ir lalo-animated.gif|thumb|200px|right|Mola.]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
[[File:Cyclone Ita ir lalo-animated.gif|thumb|200px|right|Animated infrared satellite loop of Cyclone Ita on 8 April developing off the southeast coast of Papua New Guinea.]] |
|||
As the precursor tropical low to Cyclone Ita affected the Solomon Islands, local authorities issued heavy flood warnings, tropical disturbance and cyclone watches.<ref>http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/SLB_FL_20140403__Homes_inundated.pdf</ref> |
|||
Nearly two days of continuous heavy rains from the storm caused [[flash flood]]ing in the Solomon Islands.<ref name="Stuff1"/> Over a four-day span, more than {{convert| |
Nearly two days of continuous heavy rains from the storm caused [[flash flood]]ing in the Solomon Islands.<ref name="Stuff1"/> Over a four-day span, more than {{convert|666660000000000|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell at the [[Gold Ridge (mine)|Gold Ridge mine]] in [[Guadalcanal]], with {{convert|500|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling in a 24 hour-span.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Solomon Times Online|date=10 April 2014|accessdate=10 April 2014|title=Future of Gold Ridge Mining Uncertain After Floods|url=http://www.solomontimes.com/news/future-of-gold-ridge-mining-uncertain-after-floods/8116}}</ref> The [[Matanikau River]], which runs through the capital city [[Honiara]], broke its banks on 3 April and devastated nearby communities. Thousands of homes along with the city's two main bridges were washed away, stranding numerous residents.<ref name="Stuff1">{{cite web|author=Michael Field|work= [[Stuff.co.nz]] |date=5 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Kiwis join Solomons flood clean up|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/9908511/Flooded-Solomon-Islands-hit-by-6-0-earthquake}}</ref> The national hospital had to evacuate 500 patients to other facilities due to flooding.<ref>{{cite web|work=United Nations Children's Fund|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands Humanitarian Situation Report #1, 1- 4 April 2014|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF_Pacific_SitRep1_Solomon_Floods_4Apr2014.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> Graham Kenna from [[Save the Children]] stated that, "the scale of destruction is like something never seen before in the Solomon Islands."<ref>{{cite web|work=Save the Children|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=5 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Fears for deadly outbreak of dengue fever in flood and quake hit Solomons|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/solomon-islands/fears-deadly-outbreak-dengue-fever-flood-and-quake-hit-solomons}}</ref> According to Permanent Secretary Melchoir Mataki, the majority of homes destroyed in Honiara were built on a [[flood plain]] where construction was not allowed.<ref name="ABC1"/> |
||
Severe flooding took place on Guadalcanal.<ref name=" |
Severe flooding took place on Guadalcanal.<ref name="Stuff46y1"/> |
||
Throughout the Solomon Islands, 22 people were killed while an estimated 50,000 people were affected by the floods.<ref name="OCHA419">{{cite report|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=18 April 2014|accessdate=19 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands: Flash Floods Situation Report No. 4 (as of 18 April 2014)|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA_SLB_FlashFloods_Sitrep4_20140418.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> Approximately 9,000 were left homeless.<ref name="ABC1">{{cite web|author=Sean Dorney|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=8 April 2014|accessdate=8 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands National Disaster Council issues all clear in wake of deadly Honiara floods|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-08/solomon-islands-needs-reconstruction-rather-than-rehabilitation/5374008}}</ref><ref name="SMH1">{{cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands floods: search continues for missing|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/solomon-islands-floods-search-continues-for-missing-20140406-zqrjz.html|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OdPO8Q2I|archivedate=6 April 2014}}</ref> |
Throughout the Solomon Islands, 22 people were killed while an estimated 50,000 people were affected by the floods.<ref name="OCHA419">{{cite report|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=18 April 2014|accessdate=19 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands: Flash Floods Situation Report No. 4 (as of 18 April 2014)|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA_SLB_FlashFloods_Sitrep4_20140418.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> Approximately 9,000 were left homeless.<ref name="ABC1">{{cite web|author=Sean Dorney|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=8 April 2014|accessdate=8 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands National Disaster Council issues all clear in wake of deadly Honiara floods|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-08/solomon-islands-needs-reconstruction-rather-than-rehabilitation/5374008}}</ref><ref name="SMH1">{{cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 April 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|title=Solomon Islands floods: search continues for missing|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/solomon-islands-floods-search-continues-for-missing-20140406-zqrjz.html|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OdPO8Q2I|archivedate=6 April 2014}}</ref> |
||
Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
Ahead of Ita affecting Papua New Guinea, the National Weather Service issued tropical cyclone warnings for all island and coastal communities in [[Milne Bay Province]].<ref name="Cyclone Warning">{{cite news|title=Weather Service issues tropical cyclone warning|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/Stories/weather-service-issues-tropical-cyclone-warning/|accessdate=8 April 2014|newspaper=Post Courier|date=8 April 2014|author=Martin, Mellissa}} {{Subscription required}}</ref> The NWS also urged people in the East and West New Britain provinces, New Ireland and Bougainville, the southeast sector of the Solomon Sea and North Coral Sea areas to take precautions.<ref name="Cyclone Warning"/> All schools and businesses were closed for several days in Milne Bay while residents were urged to remain indoors.<ref name="PC1"/> |
Ahead of Ita affecting Papua New Guinea, the National Weather Service issued tropical cyclone warnings for all island and coastal communities in [[Milne Bay Province]].<ref name="Cyclone Warning">{{cite news|title=Weather Service issues tropical cyclone warning|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/Stories/weather-service-issues-tropical-cyclone-warning/|accessdate=8 April 2014|newspaper=Post Courier|date=8 April 2014|author=Martin, Mellissa}} {{Subscription required}}</ref> The NWS also urged people in the East and West New Britain provinces, New Ireland and Bougainville, the southeast sector of the Solomon Sea and North Coral Sea areas to take precautions.<ref name="Cyclone Warning"/> All schools and businesses were closed for several days in Milne Bay while residents were urged to remain indoors.<ref name="PC1"/> |
||
The storm brought unusually heavy rains and strong winds to Milne Bay Province and the [[National Capital District]]. The hardest hit areas were the islands of [[Milne Bay Province#Islands|Rossell]], [[Misima Island|Misima]], [[Samarai]], [[Woodlark Island|Woodlark]], [[Milne Bay Province# |
The storm brought unusually heavy rains and strong winds to Milne Bay Province and the [[National Capital District]]. The hardest hit areas were the islands of [[Milne Bay Province#Islands|Rossell]], [[Misima Island|Misima]], [[Samarai]], [[Woodlark Island|Woodlark]], [[Milne Bay Province#Islan565475ds|Sau]], and [[Vanatinai]]. Unconfirmed reports of casualties were received from these areas.<ref name="PC1"/> On [[Milne Bay Province#Islands|Ware I5546sland]], 54 homes and 1 classroom were destroyed.<ref name="PC2"/> Along the mainland, [[Alotau]] experienced strong winds that downed trees and power lines, leaving many without power, and flooding that destroyed homes.<ref name="PC1">{{cite news|author=Konopa Kana|newspaper=Post Courier|date=11 April 2014|accessdate=11 April 2014|title= Disaster office issues cyclone warning|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/Stories/disaster-office-issues-cyclone-warning/#.U0chXsc0174}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Throughout Milne Bay, an estimated 62,000 people were affected by the storm.<ref name="PC2">{{cite news|author=Nellie Setepano|newspaper=Post Courier|date=11 April 2014|accessdate=11 April 2014|title= MP appeals for help as cyclone hits islands|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/Stories/mp-appeals-for-help-as-cyclone-hits-islands/#.U0cjR8c0174}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Some flooding was reported in [[Port Moresby]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Port Courier|date=10 April 2014|accessdate=10 April 2014|title= Cyclone warning for Port Moresby|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/News/cyclone-warning-for-port-moresby/#.U0ck7sc0175}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Further north in [[Jiwaka Province]], the a bridge along the [[Highlands Highway]] crossing the Tuman River was washed away.<ref>{{cite news|author=Johnny Poiya|newspaper=Post Courier|date=10 April 2014|accessdate=10 April 2014|title= Flood cuts off Highlands H’way|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/Stories/flood-cuts-off-highlands-hway/#.U0clSMc0174}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Officials in Milne Bay Province stated that 1,159 homes were destroyed by the storm; however, local authorities claimed thousands more collapsed.<ref name="PNGaid">{{cite news|newspaper=Post Courier|date=15 April 2014|accessdate=16 April 2014|title= PM, Speaker help cyclone victims|url=http://dev.postcourier.com.pg/Stories/pm-speaker-help-cyclone-victims/#.U06aTsc0174}} {{subscription required}}</ref> |
||
=== |
===wake is wake=== |
||
[[File:Cyclone Ita 2014 two week rainfall.jpg|thumb|Satellite estimated rainfall map from 1–13 April showing accumulations throughout Ita's path. The highest amounts, {{convert|560|to|600|mm|in|abbr=on}}, fell just off the coast of Papua New Guinea and over the Coral Sea. The heaviest rains in Australia were confined to areas west of [[Ingham, Queensland|Ingham]] and [[Townsville, Queensland|Townsville]].<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|author=Hal Pierce and Rob Gutro|publisher=NASA|date=15 April 2014|accessdate=17 April 2014|title=Ita (Southern Pacific Ocean)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/ita-southern-pacific-ocean/#.U0_57McxEXq}}</ref>]] |
[[File:Cyclone Ita 2014 two week rainfall.jpg|thumb|Satellite estimated rainfall map from 1–13 April showing accumulations throughout Ita's path. The highest amounts, {{convert|560|to|600|mm|in|abbr=on}}, fell just off the coast of Papua New Guinea and over the Coral Sea. The heaviest rains in Australia were confined to areas west of [[Ingham, Queensland|Ingham]] and [[Townsville, Queensland|Townsville]].<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|author=Hal Pierce and Rob Gutro|publisher=NASA|date=15 April 2014|accessdate=17 April 2014|title=Ita (Southern Pacific Ocean)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/ita-southern-pacific-ocean/#.U0_57McxEXq}}</ref>]] |
||
Ahead of the cyclone affecting [[Cape York Peninsula|Cape York]], the [[Bureau of Meteorology]] issued a cyclone watch on 9 April, for the far northern [[Queensland]] coast between [[Cape Grenville]] and [[Port Douglas, Queensland|Port Douglas]]. The Bureau predicted it to reach category five and would be the most severe storm to affect Queensland since [[Cyclone Yasi]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-09/cyclone-ita-predicted-to-reach-category-four-off-far-north-quee/5376786|title=Cyclone Ita predicted to reach category four off far north Queensland|work=ABC News|date=9 April 2014}}</ref> On 10 April, Cyclone Ita was upgraded to category five, with a cyclone warning issued for the far northern Queensland coast between [[Lockhart River]] and [[Cairns]].<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-10/cyclone-ita-gathers-speed/5381848</ref> In anticipation of the Cyclone, tourists and staff were evacuated from a holiday resort on [[Lizard Island]] on April 10. As Ita neared landfall, all residents in [[Cooktown]] and [[Hopevale, Queensland|Hopevale]] were advised to evacuate either to a community cyclone shelter or to leave the towns.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/cyclone-ita-shows-no-sign-of-weakening-as-it-heads-for-north-queensland/38808 |title=Cyclone Ita shows no sign of weakening as it heads for north Queensland |accessdate=12 April 2014 |date=12 April 2014 |publisher=ABC News }}</ref> |
Ahead of the cyclone affecting [[Cape York Peninsula|Cape York]], the [[Bureau of Meteorology]] issued a cyclone watch on 9 April, for the far northern [[Queensland]] coast between [[Cape Grenville]] and [[Port Douglas, Queensland|Port Douglas]]. The Bureau predicted it to reach category five and would be the most severe storm to affect Queensland since [[Cyclone Yasi]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-09/cyclone-ita-predicted-to-reach-category-four-off-far-north-quee/5376786|title=Cyclone Ita predicted to reach category four off far north Queensland|work=ABC News|date=9 April 2014}}</ref> On 10 April, Cyclone Ita was upgraded to category five, with a cyclone warning issued for the far northern Queensland coast between [[Lockhart River]] and [[Cairns]].<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-10/cyclone-ita-gathers-speed/5381848</ref> In anticipation of the Cyclone, tourists and staff were evacuated from a holiday resort on [[Lizard Island]] on April 10. As Ita neared landfall, all residents in [[Cooktown]] and [[Hopevale, Queensland|Hopevale]] were advised to evacuate either to a community cyclone shelter or to leave the towns.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/cyclone-ita-shows-no-sign-of-weakening-as-it-heads-for-north-queensland/38808 |title=Cyclone Ita shows no sign of weakening as it heads for north Queensland |accessdate=12 April 2014 |date=12 April 2014 |publisher=ABC News }}</ref> |
||
Line 85: | Line 85: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} |
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} |
||
*[[2013–14 |
*[[2013–14 6545Australian region cyclone season]] |
||
*[[Cyclone |
*[[Cyclone 676 734Yasi]] – the last severe tropical cyclone to affect Queensland |
||
*[[Cyclone436 Lusi]] – a storm a month prior to Ita that also caused extensive damage as an extratropical cyclone in New Zealand |
|||
*[[Cyclone Yasi]] – the last severe tropical cyclone to affect Queensland |
|||
*[[ |
*[[Cycl67665474one Bola]] – Regarded as one of the worst former tropical cyclones to have impacted New Zealand |
||
⚫ | |||
*[[Cyclone Bola]] – Regarded as one of the worst former tropical cyclones to have impacted New Zealand |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
56445 |
|||
⚫ | |||
==References== |
|||
{{reflist|2}} |
|||
==External |
==External 65l4nks== |
||
*[http://www. |
*[http://www.5m465e6t.gov.sb/ Solomon Islands Meteorological Service] |
||
{{2013–14 Australian region cyclone season buttons}} |
{{2013–14 Australian region cyclone season buttons}} |
||
[[ |
[[Category564:2013–14 Australian region cyclone season|Ita]] |
||
[[Category:Category 5 |
[[Category:Category 5 Aus645lian region cyclones|Ita 2014]] |
||
[[Category:Cyclones |
[[Category:Cyclones i5646Australia|Ita 2014]] |
||
[[Category:Tropical |
[[Category:Tropical 6cyclones in the Solomon Islands|Ita 2014]] |
||
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in the Solomon Islands|Ita 2014]] |
|||
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Papua New Guinea|Ita 2014]] |
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Papua New Guinea|Ita 2014]] |
Revision as of 22:20, 2 November 2014
Expression error: Unrecognized word "yeryreyr". (Aus scale) | |
---|---|
Expression error: Unrecognized word "tyyeryrytr". (SSHWS) | |
![]() Cyclone Ita nearing landfall on 11 April | |
Formed | 1 April 2014 |
Dissipated | 17 April 2014 |
(Extratropical after 14 April 2014) | |
Highest winds | 10-minute sustained: Expression error: Unrecognized word "yeryreyr". km/h (Expression error: Unrecognized word "yeryreyr". mph) 1-minute sustained: Expression error: Unrecognized word "tyyeryrytr". km/h (Expression error: Unrecognized word "tyyeryrytr". mph) Gusts: 300 km/h (185 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 930 hPa (mbar); 27.46 inHg |
Fatalities | 22 total |
Damage | $953 million (2014 USD) |
Areas affected | Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Queensland, New Zealand |
Part of the 2013–14 Australian region cyclone season |
Severe Tropical Cyclreyryrtytyone Ita was the stronyrtyest tropicatytryrtyrl cyclone to impact Queensland, Australia since Cyclone Yasi three years prior. The system was first identified over the Solomon Islands as a tropical low on 1 April 2014, and gradually moved westward, eventually reaching cyclone intensity on 5 April. On 10 April, Ita intensified rapidly into a powerful Category 5 system on the Australian Scale, but it weakened to a Category 4 system in the hours immediately preceding landfall the following day. At the time of landfall at Cape Flat5467457765tery at 12 April 22:00 (UTC+10), Dvorak intensity was approximately T5.0, consistent with a weak Category 4 system, and considerably lower than T6.5 observed when the system was at maximal intensity. Meteorologists noted the system had, at such time, developed a secondary eyewall which weakened the inner eyewall; as a result, the system was considerably less powerful than various intensity scales predicted. Ita's impact on terrain was attenuated accordingly.
Initial estimates placed damage in Queensland over A$1 billion (US$936 million), with insurance claims yet to be tallied.
Meteorologirtyryrcal history
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Iselle_2014_track.png/275px-Iselle_2014_track.png)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
![triangle](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png)
iselle not ita, a broad, poorly-defined area of low pressure consolidated over the Solomon Islands. Initially only accompanied by flaring convection, the system persisted in a region of low wind shear and strong outflow which promoted gradual development.[1] Upon formation, the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) office in Brisbane monitored the system as a tropical low.[2] Banding features gradually developed and wrapped around the circulation and deep convection became persistent by 2 April.[3] A large central dense overcast blos655somed over the low early on 3 April, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.[4]
After moving away from Papua New Guinea, Ita underwent explosive intensification and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone early on 11 April. Winds were estimated to have reached 215 km/h (130 mph) alongside a minimum central pressure of 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg). Turning to the south-southeast, the storm weakened somewhat before making landfall near Cape Flattery as a Category 4 later on 11 April. An automated station on Lizard Island, roughly 5 km (3.1 mi) from the storm's centre, recorded a pressure of 954 mbar (hPa; 28.17 inHg). Once onshore Ita weakened dramatically to a Category 1 within 18 hours. Maintaining gale-force winds the storm turned southwest and75756tropical cyclone]] as it moved away from Australia and towards New Zealand.[5] Ita's extratropical remnants combined with a low pressure system to the south and re-intensified. On 17 April, the low-level circulation center of the storm collapsed, as Ita affected New Zealand, bringing heavy rainfall and powerful winds.[6] 56 ==Preparations and impact==7547 Dramitc edits!!!!
Solomon Islands
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cyclone_Ita_ir_lalo-animated.gif/200px-Cyclone_Ita_ir_lalo-animated.gif)
Nearly two days of continuous heavy rains from the storm caused flash flooding in the Solomon Islands.[7] Over a four-day span, more than 666,660,000,000,000 mm (2.6246×1013 in) fell at the Gold Ridge mine in Guadalcanal, with 500 mm (20 in) falling in a 24 hour-span.[8] The Matanikau River, which runs through the capital city Honiara, broke its banks on 3 April and devastated nearby communities. Thousands of homes along with the city's two main bridges were washed away, stranding numerous residents.[7] The national hospital had to evacuate 500 patients to other facilities due to flooding.[9] Graham Kenna from Save the Children stated that, "the scale of destruction is like something never seen before in the Solomon Islands."[10] According to Permanent Secretary Melchoir Mataki, the majority of homes destroyed in Honiara were built on a flood plain where construction was not allowed.[11]
Severe flooding took place on Guadalcanal.[12]
Throughout the Solomon Islands, 22 people were killed while an estimated 50,000 people were affected by the floods.[13] Approximately 9,000 were left homeless.[11][14]
Papua New Guinea
Ahead of Ita affecting Papua New Guinea, the National Weather Service issued tropical cyclone warnings for all island and coastal communities in Milne Bay Province.[15] The NWS also urged people in the East and West New Britain provinces, New Ireland and Bougainville, the southeast sector of the Solomon Sea and North Coral Sea areas to take precautions.[15] All schools and businesses were closed for several days in Milne Bay while residents were urged to remain indoors.[16]
The storm brought unusually heavy rains and strong winds to Milne Bay Province and the National Capital District. The hardest hit areas were the islands of Rossell, Misima, Samarai, Woodlark, Sau, and Vanatinai. Unconfirmed reports of casualties were received from these areas.[16] On Ware I5546sland, 54 homes and 1 classroom were destroyed.[17] Along the mainland, Alotau experienced strong winds that downed trees and power lines, leaving many without power, and flooding that destroyed homes.[16] Throughout Milne Bay, an estimated 62,000 people were affected by the storm.[17] Some flooding was reported in Port Moresby.[18] Further north in Jiwaka Province, the a bridge along the Highlands Highway crossing the Tuman River was washed away.[19] Officials in Milne Bay Province stated that 1,159 homes were destroyed by the storm; however, local authorities claimed thousands more collapsed.[20]
wake is wake
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cyclone_Ita_2014_two_week_rainfall.jpg/220px-Cyclone_Ita_2014_two_week_rainfall.jpg)
Ahead of the cyclone affecting Cape York, the Bureau of Meteorology issued a cyclone watch on 9 April, for the far northern Queensland coast between Cape Grenville and Port Douglas. The Bureau predicted it to reach category five and would be the most severe storm to affect Queensland since Cyclone Yasi in 2011.[22] On 10 April, Cyclone Ita was upgraded to category five, with a cyclone warning issued for the far northern Queensland coast between Lockhart River and Cairns.[23] In anticipation of the Cyclone, tourists and staff were evacuated from a holiday resort on Lizard Island on April 10. As Ita neared landfall, all residents in Cooktown and Hopevale were advised to evacuate either to a community cyclone shelter or to leave the towns.[24]
Though a weakened storm at landfall, Ita brought damaging winds to coastal areas around Cape Flattery where gusts peaked at 160 km/h (99 mph). An automated station on Lizard Island recorded gusts up to 155 km/h (96 mph) before the anemometer failed. Cooktown, the closest populated area to where the storm moved ashore, experienced winds up to 125 km/h (78 mph). Gale-force winds affected areas as far south as the Northumberland Islands,[5] with Mackay recording gusts up to 94 km/h (58 mph).[25] A minor storm surge accompanied the cyclone; however, it coincided with low-tide and had limited effects. Minor flora damage was reported at Mackay, in the heart of city the top of a palm tree was blown of from the high winds. In Shoal Point minor damage was reported with some branches fell with one damaging a fence.
The greatest impact from Ita resulted from heavy rains, with many areas receiving up to 300 mm (12 in) in 24 hours. Cardwell reported an April record 307.0 mm (12.09 in) of rain in 24 hours,[26] while in Tully 312.0 mm (12.28 in) of rain fell over two days,[27] causing moderate flooding in both towns. In Bowen, 110 mm (4.3 in) fell in one-hour, triggering a flash flood through the towns main street.[5] Cooktown received 197.8 mm (7.79 in) of rain over a three-day span.[28] The Daintree, Mulgrave, Haughton, and Herbert rivers all experienced major flooding.[5] Townsville reported 214.2 mm (8.43 in) of rain and wind gusts of up to 93 km/h (58 mph) causing only minor damage.[5] The outer bands of the Ita caused heavy rain and storms as far south as the Wide Bay-Burnett region as it tracked back out to sea again, Kingaroy recorded 50.4 mm (1.98 in) in less than an hour from a severe thunderstorm,[29] while The Town of 1770 received 81.6 mm (3.21 in).[30]
Cooktown experienced the greatest structural damage from winds, with 200 homes affected, of which 16 were severely damaged or destroyed.[5] Many buildings, including a 140 year-old hotel in the town centre, lost their roof. Power was cut to the whole town and many trees were uprooted and destroyed; however, no injuries were reported as the majority of the towns residents were safe in the towns community cyclone shelter.[31]
Heavy rain caused moderate flooding throughout most of North Queensland, five people were rescued from floodwaters between Cooktown and Cairns and flooding in the Daintree River threatened several properties in Mossman, while further south a few low-lying houses were inundated in Ingham.[32] Several houses were also flooded from a minor storm surge in Cairns, however damage was limited.[33]
Preliminary estimates placed losses from Cyclone Ita in excess of A$1 billion (US$936 million). The greatest losses took place in the agricultural sector, with a 700 km (430 mi) stretch of sugarcane country suffering damage. Roughly 80 percent of the sugarcane crop in the Herbert River District was destroyed with the remaining crops damaged. Insurance companies estimated that claims may match those from Cyclone Oswald in 2013, though no loss value was estimated as of 14 April.[34]
New Zealand
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyclone_Ita_water_rise_in_Auckland%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Cyclone_Ita_water_rise_in_Auckland%2C_New_Zealand.jpg)
The remnants of Ita brought heavy rains and strong winds to much of New Zealand on 17 April. Winds, peaking at 130 km/h (81 mph) in Westport, downed many trees and power lines.[35][36] Much of the country experienced gale-force winds, though North Island and northwestern areas of South Island bore the brunt of the storm. Numerous cars were rolled by the winds, including one which was blown off a bridge over the Haast River. Buses transporting workers from the Stockton Mine were also knocked over. Much of Westport was isolated by downed trees and left without electricity. In Auckland, tidal and flash flooding closed several roads and trapped residents. Gusts on the Auckland Harbour Bridge peaked at 100 km/h (62 mph). Throughout Auckland, at least 15,000 people were without power.[36]
Entire hillsides reportedly collapsed in rural areas of Clarence and Ward. Agricultural damage in parts of South Island were compared to Cyclone Bola in 1988, a storm regarded as one of the worst to ever strike New Zealand.[37] Throughout the Grey District, 39 homes were rendered uninhabitable while at least 60 other structures sustained varying degrees of damage. Losses in the district were estimated to be in excess of NZ$20 million (US$17.1 million).[38]
Aftermath
Solomon Islands
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_supplies_for_Solomon_Islands_%2813841468084%29.jpg/250px-Relief_supplies_for_Solomon_Islands_%2813841468084%29.jpg)
Immediately following the floods, Honiara and Guadalcanal were declared disaster areas by the Solomon Government.[39] Debris left behind by the floods initially hampered relief efforts, with the runway at Honiara International Airport blocked by two destroyed homes. Food supplies started running low as the Red Cross provided aid to the thousands homeless. The airport was reopened on 6 April, allowing for supplies from Australia and New Zealand to be delivered.[14] Roughly 20 percent of Honiara population relocated to evacuation centers as entire communities were swept away.[40] There were fears that the flooding could worsen an already ongoing dengue fever outbreak and cause outbreaks of diarrhea and conjunctivitis.[11]
New Zealand offered an immediate NZ$300,000 in funds and deployed a C-130 Hercules with supplies and emergency response personnel.[40] Australia donated A$250,000 on 6 April and sent engineers and response teams to aid in relief efforts.[41] On 8 April, Australia increased its aid package to A$3 million while New Zealand provided an additional NZ$1.2 million.[11][42] Papua New Guinea and Taiwan provided PGK 1 million and US$200,000 in funds, respectively.[43][44]
Papua New Guinea
On 15 April, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill and Speaker of Parliament Theo Zurenuoc provided PGK300,000 (US$113,700) in funds to Milne Bay Province.[20] The Papua New Guinea Defence Force was dispatched to deliver relief supplies to the region. Damage surveys were conducted simultaneously using the Defense Force's helicopters to determine the areas in need of the most immediate aid.[45] Ten relief teams were dispatched on 16 April to assist with clean up efforts. The nation's health office also warned of the dangers of post-storm diseases due to damaged sewer systems. Communications with the outermost islands of the province remained difficult and limited to short-distance radio.[46] By 17 April, a barge with 57 bales of rice was sent to Wari island where thousands of residents were in need of food.[47]
Australia
Owing to the severity of agricultural damage, the average cost of avocados, bananas, iceberg lettuce, and papaya increased.[48]
Earthquakes
On 4 April (5 April local time[7]) a 6.0 MW earthquake, with its epicenter on Makira Island, struck the Solomon Islands.[49] Though no reports of damage were received in relation to it, officials were concerned about the possibility of landslides resulting from it.[7] Two more large earthquakes, a 7.1 MW followed by a 6.5 MW, struck near the region on 11 April;[50][51] resulting in two deaths and causing significant damage in parts of Papua New Guinea.[52][53] On 12 April, a 7.6 MW earthquake occurred just south of Makira Island and was followed by a 7.4 MW the next day.[54][55] Though the earthquakes only produced a localised tsunami, with limited effects,[56] they prompted evacuations and delayed relief efforts across the Solomon Islands.[57] Another tsunami warning was issued on 19 April following two more large earthquakes, 6.6 MW and 7.5 MW, near Papua New Guinea.[58][59][60]
See also
- 2013–14 6545Australian region cyclone season
- Cyclone 676 734Yasi – the last severe tropical cyclone to affect Queensland
- Cyclone436 Lusi – a storm a month prior to Ita that also caused extensive damage as an extratropical cyclone in New Zealand
- Cycl67665474one Bola – Regarded as one of the worst former tropical cyclones to have impacted New Zealand
- Cyclone Rewa 654;– Long-lived storm that affected similar areas
- Cyclone46 Ului - similar to Cyclone Yasi but a year prior to that
56445
External 65l4nks
- ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Three Day Outlook for the Coral Sea. Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (Report). Bureau of Meteorology. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ Significant Tropic67al Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ Template:7cite report
- ^ a b c d e f Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Wa577rning Centre (16 April 2014). Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
{{cite report}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/ita-slamming-into-new-zealand/43175
- ^ a b c d Michael Field (5 April 2014). "Kiwis join Solomons flood clean up". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "Future of Gold Ridge Mining Uncertain After Floods". Solomon Times Online. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ "Solomon Islands Humanitarian Situation Report #1, 1- 4 April 2014" (PDF). United Nations Children's Fund. ReliefWeb. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "Fears for deadly outbreak of dengue fever in flood and quake hit Solomons". Save the Children. ReliefWeb. 5 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d Sean Dorney (8 April 2014). "Solomon Islands National Disaster Council issues all clear in wake of deadly Honiara floods". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Stuff46y1
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Solomon Islands: Flash Floods Situation Report No. 4 (as of 18 April 2014) (PDF). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). ReliefWeb. 18 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ^ a b "Solomon Islands floods: search continues for missing". Sydney Morning Herald. Agence France-Presse. 6 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ a b Martin, Mellissa (8 April 2014). "Weather Service issues tropical cyclone warning". Post Courier. Retrieved 8 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Konopa Kana (11 April 2014). "Disaster office issues cyclone warning". Post Courier. Retrieved 11 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ a b Nellie Setepano (11 April 2014). "MP appeals for help as cyclone hits islands". Post Courier. Retrieved 11 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ "Cyclone warning for Port Moresby". Port Courier. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ Johnny Poiya (10 April 2014). "Flood cuts off Highlands H'way". Post Courier. Retrieved 10 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ a b "PM, Speaker help cyclone victims". Post Courier. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ Hal Pierce and Rob Gutro (15 April 2014). "Ita (Southern Pacific Ocean)". NASA. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Cyclone Ita predicted to reach category four off far north Queensland". ABC News. 9 April 2014.
- ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-10/cyclone-ita-gathers-speed/5381848
- ^ "Cyclone Ita shows no sign of weakening as it heads for north Queensland". ABC News. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ Mackay, Queensland April 2014 Daily Weather Observations. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- ^ Cardwell, Queensland April 2014 Daily Weather Observations. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ Tully Sugar Mill 2014 Rainfall Observations. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ Cooktown, Queensland April 2014 Daily Weather Observations. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- ^ Kingaroy, Queensland April 2014 Daily Weather Observations. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ Seventeen Seventy 2014 Rainfall Observations. Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from [hhttp://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=136&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_stn_num=039314&p_startYear= the original] on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ "Cyclone Ita: Residents assess damage in far north Queensland". ABC News. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ "Cyclone Ita: Several rescued from floodwaters in far north Queensland". ABC News. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ "Cyclone Ita: Storm surge threat eases in Cairns". ABC News. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ Brian Williams and Kate McKenna (14 April 2014). "Cyclone Ita damage bill up to $1 billion after sugarcane and banana plantations damaged". Courier-Mail. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "Chaos as storm strikes". Stuff.co.nz. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ a b Reissa Su (17 April 2014). "Former Cyclone Ita Brings Severe Weather to New Zealand; Floods and Power Cuts Hit Auckland". International Business Times. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Greymouth takes stock after storm". Radio New Zealand. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ^ "West Coast families face second night out of flooded homes". ONE News. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
- ^ "OCHA Flash Update 1: Solomon Islands Flash Floods, 4 April 2014". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. 5 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ a b Rebecca Quilliam and Audrey Young (6 April 2014). "Solomon Islands disaster: Thousands left homeless". New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "Aust boosts aid to flooded Solomon Islands". 9 News. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "NZ sends aid after Solomon Islands deadly floods". ONE News. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ Elaine Hou (8 April 2014). "Taiwan donates US$200,000 to flood-ravaged Solomon Islands". Focus Taiwan. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "O'Neill assists Solomon Islands". Post Courier. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ Konopa Kana (15 April 2014). "Army assists cyclone-hit islands". Post Courier. Retrieved 16 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ "Disaster team ready for Cyclone clean up". Post Courier. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ "PNG police in Milne Bay defend relief efforts after Cyclone Ita". Radio New Zealand International. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- ^ John McCarthy (20 April 2014). "Lost crop production from Cyclone Ita to drive up fruit and vegetable prices in Queensland". Courier Mail. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ^ "M6.0 - 28km WSW of Kirakira, Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "M7.1 - 57km SW of Panguna, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "M6.5 - 78km SW of Panguna, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "Latest Quake centred just off PNG's Bougainville". Radio New Zealand International. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ^ "Man dies in B'ville quake". Post Courier. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ "M7.6 - 100km SSE of Kirakira, Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "M7.4 - 111km S of Kirakira, Solomon Islands". United States Geological Survey. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ Nick Perry (14 April 2014). "2 Powerful Earthquakes Hit Solomon Islands". Associated Press. Wellington, New Zealand: ABc News. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "Solomon Islands Humanitarian Situation Report #4, 10-14 April 2014". United Nations Children's Fund. ReliefWeb. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "M6.6 - 59km SW of Panguna, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ^ "M7.5 - 75km SW of Panguna, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ^ Lincoln Feast, Alison Williams, and Janet Lawrence (19 April 2014). "Strong 7.5 magnitude quake hits off Papua New Guinea". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)