Anchovy sprat
| Anchovy sprat | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Clupeiformes |
| Family: | Ehiravidae |
| Genus: | Clupeonella |
| Species: | C. engrauliformis
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| Binomial name | |
| Clupeonella engrauliformis (Borodin, 1904)
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| Synonyms | |
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Anchovy sprat, Clupeonella engrauliformis, is a species of fish in the family Clupeidae. It is one of several species of Clupeonella found in the Central and Southern Caspian Sea. It lives pelagically in the central and southern parts of this brackishwater lake. It is typically 12 cm (4.7 in) long, and up to 16.5 cm (6.5 in) maximum. It may be found down to a depth of 78 m (256 ft).[1]
The achovy sprat was first described by ichthyologist N. A. Borodin in 1904 under the name Clupea engrauliformis.[2] The holotype is 124 mm in length, was caught near Cape Buynak in the Caspian Sea and is stored in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[3]
Description
[edit]The maximum body length is 16.5 cm, with a mass up to 26 g.
The body of the fish is elongated and low, with its height comprising 16-19% of the body length. The scales easily fall off. Its head is short and wide, with the interorbital distance being 16-18% of the body length and a small mouth. The abdomen of the achovy sprat is rounded with a keel, in which there are 23-31 keeled scales. There are 56-67 gill rakers. the dorsal fin has 13-21 soft rays with the first three being unbranched. the anal fin has 18-22 soft rays with the first three also unbranched. The tail fin is almost black and strongly notched. The edges of the pectoral fins are pointed. The back is dark with a greenish tint. Females are usually slightly larger than males.
Biology
[edit]The achovy sprat is a schooling pelagic fish that mainly inhabits open waters but occasionally approaches shores. In spring and autumn it rises to the surface, though most of the year is spent at depths up to 78 metres. It is found at water temperatures from 6 to 28 °С and salinity of 8-13%. It performs daily vertical and seasonal migrations.[4] [5]
Diet
[edit]The basis of its diet consists of copepods, and it feeds on zooplankton during the daytime, especially Eurytemora grimmi. To a lesser extent it consumes cladocerans, mysids and mollusk larvae.
Its natural enemies are Brazhnikov's shad (Alosa braschnikowi), Caspian seal and sturgeons.
Reproduction
[edit]It spawns in the open sea at depths greater than 20 m in the upper layers of water. Spawning is partial, stretching from May to November. Fecundity is from 10 to 55 thousand eggs. Eggs have a fat drop, pelagic. The larval stage continues until the spring of the year following spawning. [5]
Relationship with humans
[edit]Fishing
[edit]They are caught by light. Catches in the mid-1970s reached 350 thousand tons. It is used for the preparation of canned food, preserves and for spicy salting. Most of the raw material is used to make fish meal.
Gallery
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Clupeonella engrauliformis". FishBase. February 2014 version.
- ^ Бородин, Николай Андреевич (1904). "Сведения о Каспийской экспедиции". Вестник рыбопромышленности. 19 (6): 331–337.
- ^ "Institute for Biodiversity Science & Sustainability | California Academy of Sciences". 2015-05-03. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
- ^ Whitehead, Peter James Palmer, ed. (1985). FAO species catalogue. Pt. 1: Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae / prep. by Peter J. P. Whitehead. FAO fisheries synopsis. Vol. 7. Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-102340-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Гриценко, Котляра, Котенёва (2006). Промысловые рыбы России. В двух томах [Commercial fish of Russia. In two volumes] (in Russian) (Под ред. О. Ф. Гриценко, А. Н. Котляра и Б. Н. Котенёва ed.). изд-во ВНИРО. pp. Т. 1. – С. 127–129. – 656 с. ISBN 5-85382-229-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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