Brunei–China relations
 | |
 Brunei |
 China |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Embassy of Brunei, Beijing | Embassy of China, Bandar Seri Begawan |
| Envoy | |
| Ambassador Abdu'r Rahmani | Ambassador Xiao Jianguo |
Brunei and China established formal diplomatic relations in 1991. Brunei has an embassy in Beijing, and China has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.[1]
History
[edit]_Nanjing.JPG)
Direct contact between China and Brunei dates back to at least the 10th century, as evidenced by the discovery of Chinese artifacts at Kampong Limau Manis in Brunei Darussalam. Over 50,000 ceramic shards, dated between the 10th and 14th centuries, have been unearthed at the site, indicating a long-standing relationship between the two regions.[2]
In 1932, China declared the Paracel Islands as its southernmost territory, excluding the Spratly Islands, where Brunei has a claim.[3][4]
During Brunei's period as a British protectorate (19th century–1984), direct relations with China were limited. After gaining independence on 1 January 1984[5], Brunei joined ASEAN in 1991, formalizing diplomatic relations with China.[1]
In June 2013, the Chinese naval hospital ship Peace Ark visited Brunei.[6]: 162
In 2019, Chinese leader and CCP general secretary Xi Jinping visited Brunei. His visit was described in local media as a significant diplomatic event.[7] Chinese investments such as the Hengyi Petrochemical Complex and StarCity Brunei have been noted for their contributions to the local economy.[8]
Economic relations
[edit]In 2011, trade between the two countries reached approximately US$1.3 billion,[5] reflecting a steady increase in economic engagement. The two nations have focused on fostering cooperation in areas such as infrastructure development, agriculture, and fisheries.[9]
The establishment of the Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor in 2014 further strengthened economic ties, with a pledged investment of approximately US$500 million.[10]
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- BRIGHT FUTURE FOR BRUNEI-CHINA TIES BruDirect
- Brunei, China hail special relationship The Borneo Post
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Brunei-China Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Brunei). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ^ "Brunei Gallery - SOAS: The Islamic Sultanate of Brunei: Past and Present Culture". 11 January 2019.
- ^ TøNnesson, Stein (February 2006). "The South China Sea in the Age of European Decline". Modern Asian Studies. 40 (1): 1–57. doi:10.1017/S0026749X06001727. ISSN 0026-749X.
- ^ Hayton, Bill (16 May 2018). "China's Claim to the Spratly Islands is Just a Mistake". Center for International Maritime Security. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- ^ a b Prashanth Parameswaran (9 November 2012). "China, Brunei: ties that bind". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ^ Loh, Dylan M.H. (2024). China's Rising Foreign Ministry: Practices and Representations of Assertive Diplomacy. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503638204.
- ^ https://borneobulletin.com.bn/president-xi-jinpings-visit-an-exceptional-moment-in-brunei-china-relations/ [dead link]
- ^ Hoon, Chang-Yau (31 August 2023). "Brunei engages Chinese investment amid diversification challenges". East Asia Forum.
- ^ Zhu Ningzhu (11 October 2013). "China, Brunei agree to further boost strategic cooperation". Xinhua News Agency. Xinhua.net. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ^ Bowie, Nile (18 March 2018). "China throws sinking Brunei a lifeline". Asia Times Online.
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