Neocaridina davidi
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2011) |
Neocaridina davidi | |
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A cherry shrimp | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Malacostraca |
Order: | Decapoda |
Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
Infraorder: | Caridea |
Family: | Atyidae |
Genus: | Neocaridina |
Species: | N. davidi
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Binomial name | |
Neocaridina davidi | |
Synonyms | |
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Neocaridina davidi, also known as the cherry shrimp, is a freshwater shrimp native to China, the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and Vietnam, that has become globalized due to its popularity in the aquatic pet trade.[5][6][7] They are omnivores, and their natural habitat in these regions include inland water bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams.[7] N. davidi is also able to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, and as a result of this is also becoming invasive in thermally polluted waterways of Japan, the United States, Poland, and Germany.[5] It is thought that the release of captive shrimp has led to their presence in these environments.[8] Their natural coloration, or wild type, is a mottled brown, but N. davidi has been selectively bred to produce a diverse array of color morphs including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, white, clear, and more.[9][10] The popularity of the red morph has led to N. davidi also being known as "cherry shrimp". N. davidi do not have a distinct larval stage, reach maturity in 30 days, and may live 1–2 years.[5] At maturity, the shrimp are approximately 3–4 cm in length.[11]
Classification
[edit]Neocaridina davidi was first identified and described by E-L Bouvier in 1904 but mislabled under the genus Caridina, within the Atyidae family.[12][13] The genus Caridina was recognized in 1837, and the genus Neocaridina was not separated from Caridina until 1938.[14][15][16] The name of these shrimp has undergone several revisions before being recognized as N. davidi and has formerly been classified as Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (Kemp, 1918), Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda (Liang, 2002), Neocaridina heteropoda (Liang, 2002), Caridina davidi, and Neocaridina zhangjiajiensis.[17][18] These other titles have since been rejected, and Neocaridina zhangjiajiensis is now recognized as its own separate species.

Behavior
[edit]N. davidi are non-aggressive shrimp that are timid and spend the majority of their time scavenging for food in their surroundings.[19] Gravid females can be seen circulating water over the eggs with their pleopods (swimming legs) to ensure the health of their offspring, but they will abandon their eggs if stressed.[20]
N. davidi molt periodically as they grow, and will consume their exoskeletons to recover the valuable nutrients lost, so molts should not be removed. Juvenile shrimp will molt more often than adult shrimp.[21] These exoskeletons are the translucent outer shell of the shrimp, but also may have a whitish coloration.
Diet
[edit]N. davidi feed using their clawlike appendages at the ends of their first two pairs of legs, known as chelate, to grab their food.[22] They are omnivores and feed on biofilms, algae, and detritus, and it is noted that N. davidi do not eat vascular plants.[23] N. davidi also consume their molted exoskeletons to reabsorb essential nutrients.[24]
Anatomy and Sexing
[edit]Neocaridina davidi are a sexually dimorphic species. Males are typically smaller and less colorful than females. Females are typically larger, have wider tails for carrying eggs, and display a richer, more opaque coloration.[25] On the upper section of the female's body, on the "shoulder", the developing eggs on the ovaries may be seen in more transparent shrimp morphs. The shape of the ovaries drapes across both sides of the shrimp, giving rise to the nickname "saddle". The presence of a "saddle" indicates a female that is likely ready to mate.
Breeding
[edit]N. davidi shrimp reach sexual maturity at approximately two months of age.[26] Breeding only requires a sexed pair of shrimp, stable water parameters, and a food source. Eggs may be observed developing in the female's ovaries as a green or yellow triangular "saddle" marking on her back.[27] When she is ready to lay the eggs, which occurs after molting, she releases pheromones into the water to signal her availability to males. The male shrimp in the tank will often become agitated, swimming very actively about as they search for the source of the pheromones. After a brief mating process, during which the male deposits sperm onto the female's body, the female lays her eggs and affixes them to her swimmerettes, or pleopods.[28] The eggs are not fertilized within the female; they are fertilized as they pass from the ovaries to the outside of the body. Therefore, it is certain that any shrimp carrying eggs has mated.


Females produce between 20–30 eggs at a time, which take 2–3 weeks to hatch.[29] The eggs are green or yellow, depending on the color of the saddle. They turn darker and darker until the young shrimp hatch after about three weeks. As the eggs near the end stages of growth, tiny dark eye spots of the developing shrimp within can be observed. When the young hatch, they are tiny (roughly 1mm) copies of the adults, as N. davidi does not have a larval stage.[30]
Varieties
[edit]While there is variance in the greenish-brown wild type coloration of N. davidi, they have been selectively bred to display a wide range of colors. It is thought that the variation of the wild type coloration serves as camouflague to protect against predationa and to display an individual's health for mate attraction.[31][32] There is limited public information about the heritability and inheritance patterns, expression, and polymorphism of color traits in the selective breeding of N. davidi. [31]
N. davidi is semi-translucent, and their appearances are the result of "blood" ("flesh", muscles etc.) coloration and "skin" (the chitin of the shell) coloration. It is thought that the carotenoids in the food that shrimp consume provide pigmentation for their chromatophores.[33]
Some of their coloration expressed in the exoskeleton of N. davidi may result from a specific mixture of the products produced by chromatophores; xanthophores (yellow/orange), erythrophores (red/orange), iridophores (blue), leucophores (white), and melanophores (black/brown).[34] Melanophores produce melanin, xanthaphoeres and erythrophores produce pteridine and carotenoids, and iridophores and lecuophores contain purines.[31]

- Red – Red is the most frequently sold morph. The presence of erythrophores causes the red color of the shrimp.
- Yellow – The yellow color of the shrimp is caused by the presence of xanthophores.
- Blue – Blue shrimp are caused by the presence of iridophores which reflect blue light, or absence of melanophores combined with blue/blueish flesh.
- Green – Green shrimp is caused by the mixture of iridophores (that reflect blue light) and xanthophores.
- Violet – Violet shrimp is caused by the mixture of iridophores (that reflect blue light) and erythrophores.
- Chocolate – Melanophores that are a dark brown shade are present in this shrimp, though erythrophores or xanthophores can contribute to the brown or chocolate color of the shrimp.
- Black – Black melanophores are present in this shrimp, or brown melanophores combined with blue/blueish flesh.
- White – White shrimp are mainly caused by the absence of melanophores.
- "Ghost" – "Ghost" shrimp do not express any pigment at all and appear transparent.
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Red Cherry
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Super Yellow
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Orange Rili
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Blue Diamond
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Red Rili
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White Snow Ball
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Choco Black Shrimp
References
[edit]- ^ "Neocaridina davidi".
- ^ Weber, Sebastian; Traunspurger, Walter (2016). "Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages". Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters. 59: 155–61. Bibcode:2016Limng..59..155W. doi:10.1016/j.limno.2016.06.001.
- ^ Liang, Xiangqiu (2002). "On new species of atyid shrimps (Decapoda, Caridea) from China". Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica. 33 (2): 167–173.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Neocaridina heteropoda Liang, 2002".
- ^ a b c Mitsugi, Mitsukazu; Suzuki, Hiroshi (2018). "Life history of an invasive freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904), (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) in the Tomoe River, the Boso Peninsula, eastern Japan". Crustacean Research. 47 (0): 9–16. doi:10.18353/crustacea.47.0_9. ISSN 0287-3478.
- ^ Pantaleão, João A F; Gregati, Rafael A; da Costa, Rogério C; López-Greco, Laura S; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L (2017). "Post-hatching development of the ornamental 'Red Cherry Shrimp' Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea, Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions". Aquaculture Research. 48 (2): 553–569. doi:10.1111/are.12903. hdl:11336/60380. ISSN 1365-2109.
- ^ a b Weber, Sebastian; Traunspurger, Walter (2016-07-01). "Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages". Limnologica. 59: 155–161. doi:10.1016/j.limno.2016.06.001. ISSN 0075-9511.
- ^ Jabłońska, Aleksandra; Mamos, Tomasz; Gruszka, Piotr; Szlauer-Łukaszewska, Agnieszka; Grabowski, Michał (2018). "First record and DNA barcodes of the aquarium shrimp, Neocaridina davidi, in Central Europe from thermally polluted River Oder canal, Poland". Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems (419): 14. doi:10.1051/kmae/2018004. ISSN 1961-9502.
- ^ Bouvier, E.-L. (1904). "Crevettes de la famille des Atyidés; espèces qui font partie des collections du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle". Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris. 10: 129–138.
- ^ Lin, Shi; Zhang, Lili; Wang, Guodong; Huang, Shiyu; Wang, Yilei (2022-06-01). "Searching and identifying pigmentation genes from Neocaridina denticulate sinensis via comparison of transcriptome in different color strains". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics. 42: 100977. doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100977. ISSN 1744-117X.
- ^ Mitsugi, Mitsukazu; Suzuki, Hiroshi (2018). "Life history of an invasive freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904), (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) in the Tomoe River, the Boso Peninsula, eastern Japan". Crustacean Research. 47: 9–16. doi:10.18353/crustacea.47.0_9.
- ^ Bouvier, E.-L. (1904). "Crevettes de la famille des Atyidés; espèces qui font partie des collections du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle". Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris. 10: 129–138.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Out of scope". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Out of scope". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
- ^ Milne-Edwards, H.; Milne-Edwards, H.; Fain (Paris); Roret (Parijs) (1834). Histoire naturelle des crustacés : comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Paris: Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.16170.
- ^ "UniProt". UniProt. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Out of scope". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
- ^ Weber, Sebastian; Traunspurger, Walter (2016-07-01). "Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages". Limnologica. 59: 155–161. doi:10.1016/j.limno.2016.06.001. ISSN 0075-9511.
- ^ Baliña, Sofía; Temperoni, Brenda; López Greco, Laura Susana; Tropea, Carolina (June 2018). "Losing Reproduction: Effect of High Temperature on Female Biochemical Composition and Egg Quality in a Freshwater Crustacean with Direct Development, the Red Cherry Shrimp, Neocaridina davidi (Decapoda, Atyidae)". The Biological Bulletin. 234 (3): 139–151. doi:10.1086/698266. ISSN 0006-3185.
- ^ Pantaleão, João A F; Gregati, Rafael A; da Costa, Rogério C; López-Greco, Laura S; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L (2017). "Post-hatching development of the ornamental 'Red Cherry Shrimp' Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea, Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions". Aquaculture Research. 48 (2): 553–569. doi:10.1111/are.12903. ISSN 1365-2109.
- ^ Pantaleão, João A F; Gregati, Rafael A; da Costa, Rogério C; López-Greco, Laura S; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L (2017). "Post-hatching development of the ornamental 'Red Cherry Shrimp' Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea, Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions". Aquaculture Research. 48 (2): 553–569. doi:10.1111/are.12903. ISSN 1365-2109.
- ^ Weber, Sebastian; Traunspurger, Walter (2016-07-01). "Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages". Limnologica. 59: 155–161. doi:10.1016/j.limno.2016.06.001. ISSN 0075-9511.
- ^ "EENY-751/IN1301: Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier 1904) (Crustacea: Decopoda: Atyidae)". Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS. Retrieved 2025-03-10.
- ^ "Identifying Male and Female Cherry Shrimp". www.shrimpscience.com. Retrieved 2025-03-10.
- ^ Tropea, Carolina; Greco, Laura Susana López (December 2015). "Female Growth and Offspring Quality over Successive Spawnings in a Caridean Shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Decapoda, Atyidae) with Direct Development". The Biological Bulletin. 229 (3): 243–254. doi:10.1086/BBLv229n3p243. ISSN 0006-3185.
- ^ "Identifying Male and Female Cherry Shrimp". www.shrimpscience.com. Retrieved 2025-03-10.
- ^ Baliña, Sofía; Temperoni, Brenda; López Greco, Laura Susana; Tropea, Carolina (June 2018). "Losing Reproduction: Effect of High Temperature on Female Biochemical Composition and Egg Quality in a Freshwater Crustacean with Direct Development, the Red Cherry Shrimp, Neocaridina davidi (Decapoda, Atyidae)". The Biological Bulletin. 234 (3): 139–151. doi:10.1086/698266. ISSN 0006-3185.
- ^ Pantaleão, João A F; Gregati, Rafael A; da Costa, Rogério C; López-Greco, Laura S; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L (2017). "Post-hatching development of the ornamental 'Red Cherry Shrimp' Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea, Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions". Aquaculture Research. 48 (2): 553–569. doi:10.1111/are.12903. ISSN 1365-2109.
- ^ Mitsugi, Mitsukazu; Suzuki, Hiroshi (2018). "Life history of an invasive freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904), (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) in the Tomoe River, the Boso Peninsula, eastern Japan". Crustacean Research. 47 (0): 9–16. doi:10.18353/crustacea.47.0_9. ISSN 0287-3478.
- ^ a b c Lin, Shi; Zhang, Lili; Wang, Guodong; Huang, Shiyu; Wang, Yilei (2022-06-01). "Searching and identifying pigmentation genes from Neocaridina denticulate sinensis via comparison of transcriptome in different color strains". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics. 42: 100977. doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100977. ISSN 1744-117X.
- ^ Pantaleão, João A F; Gregati, Rafael A; da Costa, Rogério C; López-Greco, Laura S; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L (2017). "Post-hatching development of the ornamental 'Red Cherry Shrimp' Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea, Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions". Aquaculture Research. 48 (2): 553–569. doi:10.1111/are.12903. ISSN 1365-2109.
- ^ Lin, Shi; Zhang, Lili; Wang, Guodong; Huang, Shiyu; Wang, Yilei (2022-06-01). "Searching and identifying pigmentation genes from Neocaridina denticulate sinensis via comparison of transcriptome in different color strains". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics. 42: 100977. doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100977. ISSN 1744-117X.
- ^ Lin, Shi; Zhang, Lili; Wang, Guodong; Huang, Shiyu; Wang, Yilei (June 2022). "Searching and identifying pigmentation genes from Neocaridina denticulate sinensis via comparison of transcriptome in different color strains". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics. 42: 100977. doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100977. ISSN 1878-0407. PMID 35247793.
Further reading
[edit]- Levitt-Barmats, Y. A., Yanai, Z., Cohen, T. M., & Shenkar, N. (2019). Life-history traits and ecological characteristics of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata (De Haan, 1844), recently introduced into the freshwater systems of Israel. Aquatic Invasions, 14(4).
- McNamara, J. C., & Milograna, S. R. (2015). Adaptive color change and the molecular endocrinology of pigment translocation in crustacean chromatophores. The Natural History of Crustacea, 4, 68-102.
- Pantaleão, João Alberto Farinelli; López-Greco, Laura S; Alves, Douglas F. R; Barros-Alves, Samara de P; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria Lucia; Tropea, Carolina (2015). "Nutritional vulnerability in early stages of the freshwater ornamental "red cherry shrimp" Neocaridina davidi(Bouvier, 1904) (Caridea: Atyidae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35 (5): 676–81. doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002357. hdl:11449/167994.
- Pantaleão, João A F; Gregati, Rafael A; Da Costa, Rogério C; López-Greco, Laura S; Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L (2017). "Post-hatching development of the ornamental 'Red Cherry Shrimp' Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea, Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions". Aquaculture Research. 48 (2): 553–69. doi:10.1111/are.12903. hdl:11336/60380.
- Sonakowska, Lidia; Włodarczyk, Agnieszka; Poprawa, Izabela; Binkowski, Marcin; Śróbka, Joanna; Kamińska, Karolina; Kszuk-Jendrysik, Michalina; Chajec, Łukasz; Zajusz, Bartłomiej; Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena Maria (2015). "Structure and Ultrastructure of the Endodermal Region of the Alimentary Tract in the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0126900. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1026900S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126900. PMC 4440751. PMID 25996951.
- Sonakowska, Lidia; Włodarczyk, Agnieszka; Wilczek, Grażyna; Wilczek, Piotr; Student, Sebastian; Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena Maria (2016). "Cell Death in the Epithelia of the Intestine and Hepatopancreas in Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)". PLOS ONE. 11 (2): e0147582. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1147582S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147582. PMC 4741826. PMID 26844766.
- Tropea, Carolina; Stumpf, Liane; López Greco, Laura Susana (2015). "Effect of Temperature on Biochemical Composition, Growth and Reproduction of the Ornamental Red Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda (Decapoda, Caridea)". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0119468. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019468T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119468. PMC 4359132. PMID 25768918.
- Wang, Hong-Wei; Cal, Duan-Bo; Xiao, Guo-Hua; Zhao, Chun-Long; Wang, Zi-Hui; Xu, Hai-Ming; Guan, Yue-Qiang (2009). "Effects of Selenium on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda". Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. 61 (4): 322–9. hdl:10524/19298.
- Wang, Hong-wei; Xu, Hai-Ming; Xiao, Guo-hua; Zhao, Chun-Long; Wang, Zi-hui; Cai, Duan-bo; Li, Hong-Quan; Zhao, Jian-hua (2009). "Effects of Selenium on the Antioxidant Enzymes Response of Neocaridina heteropoda Exposed to Ambient Nitrite". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 84 (1): 112–7. doi:10.1007/s00128-009-9911-5. PMID 19924364. S2CID 29264830.
- Wang, Hong-Wei; Cai, Duan-Bo; Zhao, Chun-Long; Xiao, Guo-Hua; Wang, Zi-Hui; Xu, Hai-Ming; Yang, Li-Kun; Ma, Liang; Ma, Jin-Liang (2010). "Effects of Dietary Manganese Supplementation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Shrimp (Neocaridina heteropoda)". Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. 62 (2): 78–84. hdl:10524/19312.
- Yu, Yan-Qin; Yang, Wei-Jun; Yang, Jin-Shu (2013). "The complete mitogenome of the Chinese swamp shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Kemp 1918 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae)". Mitochondrial DNA. 25 (3): 204–5. doi:10.3109/19401736.2013.796465. PMID 23795841. S2CID 22522071.