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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Cardinalidae
| name = Cardinalidae
| image = red_cardinal_bird.jpg
| image = cardinal.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = Male [[Northern Cardinal]]
| image_caption = Male [[Northern Cardinal]]

Revision as of 01:48, 10 March 2008

Cardinalidae
Male Northern Cardinal
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Family:
Cardinalidae
Genera

Periporphyrus
Saltator
Caryothraustes
Parkerthraustes
Rhodothraupis
Cardinalis
Pheucticus
Cyanocompsa
Guiraca[verification needed]
Passerina
Spiza

The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of passerine birds found in North and South America. The South American cardinals in the genus Paroaria are placed in another family, the Thraupidae (previously placed in Emberizidae).

These are robust, seed-eating birds, with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinctive appearances; the family is named for the red plumage (like that of a Catholic cardinal's vestments) of males of the type species, the Northern Cardinal.

The "buntings" in this family are sometimes generically known as "tropical buntings" (though not all live in the tropics) or "North American buntings" (though there are other buntings in North America) to distinguish them from the true buntings. Likewise the grosbeaks in this family are sometimes called "cardinal-grosbeaks" to distinguish them from other grosbeaks. The name "cardinal-grosbeak" can also apply to this family as a whole.

Cardinals mate in early spring. Their nests are loosely woven in tall bushes such as honeysuckle and rose. Their diet includes seeds and small berries.

Species list in taxonomic order

Family: Cardinalidae

Other genera which may belong here:

Work in the process of publication (Klicka et al) proposes a redefined cardinal group consisting of five well-defined clades:

  1. a "masked" clade consisting of the genera Piranga, Cardinalis, Caryothraustes, Periporphyrus, and Rhodothraupis.
  2. a "blue" clade – Amaurospiza, Cyanocompsa, Cyanoloxia, Passerina, and Spiza.
  3. a clade containing Habia and Chlorothraupis.
  4. Granatellus.
  5. Pheucticus.

Other genera traditionally placed in this group (Porphyrospiza, Parkerthraustes, and Saltator) are shown by this study to have affinities with other groups.

References

  • Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0-0814-9600-4
  • Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
  • ffrench, Birds of Trinidad and Tobago ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
  • "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0792268776
  • Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. [1]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006
  • Look it up on Wikispecies.
  • Cardinalidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cardinal family.
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