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Lonicera hispidula

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Lonicera hispidula
Lonicera hispidula in Anacortes, Washington
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Lonicera
Species:
L. hispidula
Binomial name
Lonicera hispidula
Synonyms[1]
  • Lonicera anisocalyx Rehder
  • Lonicera chaetocarpa (Batalin ex Rehder) Rehder
  • Lonicera finitima W.W. Sm.
  • Lonicera montigena Rehder

The perennial vine Lonicera hispidula is a species of honeysuckle known as pink honeysuckle[2] and, less often, California honeysuckle.[3] It is a low-elevation woodlands shrub or vine domestically grown, specifically found on the West Coast of North America.[4]

Description

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Like other honeysuckles, Lonicera hispidula has pairs of leaves that grow opposite each other on the stem, with the uppermost pair fused at the bases to surround the stem. When the branches cling to another plant or surface, the branches elongate outwards while the center of the plants shifts into a bushier, more structured shrub. [5] At the end of the stem grow pink blossoms.[4] It is a perennial shrub or vine.[6] According to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower database, "Berries may be mildly poisonous if eaten. Sensitivity to a toxin varies with a person’s age, weight, physical condition, and individual susceptibility. Children are most vulnerable because of their curiosity and small size."[6]

Plant Characteristics

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Lonicera hispidula has an opposite leaf arrangement with a simple leaf complexity. The flower has an entire leaf margin, meaning it has a smooth edge with no serrations. The honeysuckle flowers are tubular and slightly curved, but is described to have an ovate shape when discussing the whole flower including the petals. [5]

The flower species has a unisexual breeding system, where the male and female reproductive organs are split between two flowers. The plant has dioecious flowers, illustrating that there are male or female individual plants present which is less common. The inflorescence is expressed as a spike, meaning that the flowers are arranged on a long and thin axis with the flowers vertically lined up without the presence of branches. The flowers continue to bloom from the base to the tip when the spike is stretched out. [5]

Ecology

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Lonicera hispidula grows in riparian and woodland areas.[4] It commonly grows in coastal riparian sections and mountains in California, but have been seen in the west near the Cascades in Washington and Oregon. [7]The plant is commonly discovered near canyons, streams, and woodlands with an elevation ranging from 1,500 to 3,500 feet. The honeysuckle produces berries, connoting that the fruit has a flesh outer appearance with seeds contained inside. Generally, the berry has a red color when it's at peak maturity and is small with a size of 8 mm. [5] The flowers attract hummingbirds, while other birds eat the fruits.[8]

Lonicera hispidula normally blooms during spring specifically in the months of May and June, depending on the environmental surroundings. Although the flowers are usually pink, they also exhibit other adaptations consisting of white, dark red rose or purple & a light yellow. [5] The plant commonly attracts various organisms including butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.

The plant can be grown in protective sun and shade, but thrives the most in acidic, dry to moist soils. [9]

Human uses

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The stems are hollow and sturdy and were used by the Pomo people as smoking pipes.[10] The burned woods ashes were also used for tattooing. [11]It is cultivated by specialty native plant plant nurseries as an ornamental plant for drought-tolerant wildlife gardens and natural landscaping in California.[12] The plant is seemingly pest and disease free and is labeled as a low maintenance plant that can thrive with minimal care which is optimal for a wildlife garden. [9] As mentioned earlier, the flower's fruits contain saponins, which can be mildly toxic to humans if ingested; however, other parts of the plant do not display levels of toxicity. [13] The pink honeysuckle has shown scenarios proving that the plant is a host for the "sudden oak death" pathogen, causing a deadly canker disease for various oak trees originated in California and Oregon. [14]

Taxonomy

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Currently no subspecies are recognized. Previously recognized subspecies include Lonicera hispidula var. californica (Torr. & A. Gray) Rehder, Lonicera hispidula var. hispidula, and Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans A. Gray.[4]

References

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  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Lonicera hispidula". Calflora. The Calflora Database [a non-profit organization]. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  3. ^ "Lonicera hispidula (California Honeysuckle)". Native Here Nursery. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d Bell, Charles D.; Dempster, Lauramay T. "Lonicera hispidula". Jepson eFlora. Jepson Herbarium. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  6. ^ a b "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  7. ^ habitatdana (2017-01-23). "Hairy Honeysuckle, Lonicera hispidula". Native Plants PNW. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
  8. ^ "search". Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI). Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Lonicera hispidula (Pink Honeysuckle)". Gardenia Creating Gardens. 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  10. ^ "Caprifoliaceae Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans (Benth.) Gray". Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  11. ^ habitatdana (2017-01-23). "Hairy Honeysuckle, Lonicera hispidula". Native Plants PNW. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  12. ^ Wilson, Bert. "Lonicera hispidula, California Honeysuckle". Las Pilitas Nursery. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  13. ^ "Pink Honeysuckle (Lonicera hispidula)". PictureThis. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  14. ^ Anderson, Michelle D (2007). "Lonicera hispidula". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). Retrieved December 4, 2024.
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