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Caveolin 3

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CAV3
Identifiers
AliasesCAV3, LGMD1C, LQT9, VIP-21, VIP21, caveolin 3, MPDT, RMD2
External IDsOMIM: 601253; MGI: 107570; HomoloGene: 7255; GeneCards: CAV3; OMA:CAV3 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

859

12391

Ensembl

ENSG00000182533

ENSMUSG00000062694

UniProt

P56539

P51637

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_033337
NM_001234

NM_007617

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001225
NP_203123

NP_031643

Location (UCSC)Chr 3: 8.73 – 8.84 MbChr 6: 112.44 – 112.45 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Caveolin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV3 gene.[5][6][7] Alternative splicing has been identified for this locus, with inclusion or exclusion of a differentially spliced intron. In addition, transcripts utilize multiple polyA sites and contain two potential translation initiation sites.

Function

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This gene encodes a caveolin family member, which functions as a component of the caveolae plasma membranes found in most cell types. Caveolin proteins are proposed to be scaffolding proteins for organizing and concentrating certain caveolin-interacting molecules.[7]

Clinical significance

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Mutations identified in this gene lead to interference with protein oligomerization or intra-cellular routing, disrupting caveolae formation and resulting in Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy type-1C (LGMD-1C), HyperCKemia, distal myopathy or rippling muscle disease (RMD). Other mutations in Caveolin causes Long QT Syndrome or familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although the role of Cav3 in Long QT syndrome has recently been disputed.[7][8]

Interactions

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Caveolin 3 has been shown to interact with a range of different proteins, including, but not limited to:

Structure

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Using transmission electron microscopy and single particle analysis methods, it has been shown that nine Caveolin-3 monomers assemble to form a complex that is toroidal in shape, ~16.5 nm in diameter and ~5.5 nm in height.[13]

Cardiac physiology

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Caveolin-3 is one of three isoforms of the protein caveolin.[14] Caveolin-3 is concentrated in the caveolae of myocytes, and modulates numerous metabolic processes including: nitric oxide synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and cardiac myocytes contraction.[14][15][16] There are many proteins that associate with caveolin-3, including ion channels and exchangers.[14][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

Associations with ion channels

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ATP-dependent potassium channels

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In cardiac myocytes, caveolin-3 negatively regulates ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP) localized in caveolae.[18] KATP channel opening decreases significantly when interacting with caveolin-3; other isoforms of caveolin do not show this type of effect on KATP channels. The amount of KATP activation during times of biological stress influences the amount of cellular damage that will occur, thus regulation of caveolin-3 expression during these times influences the amount of cellular damage.[18]

Sodium-calcium exchanger

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Caveolin-3 associates with the cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) in caveolae of cardiac myocytes.[14][24] This association occurs predominately in areas proximate to the peripheral membrane of cardiac myocytes.[24] Interactions between caveolin-3 and cardiac NCX influence NCX-regulation of cellular signaling factors and excitation of cardiac myocytes.[14]

L-Type calcium channel

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Caveolin-3 influences the opening of L-Type calcium channels (LTCC) which play a role in cardiac myocyte contraction.[17] Disruption of interactions between caveolin-3 and its associated binding proteins has been shown to affect LTCC.[17] Specifically, disruption of caveolin-3 decreases the basal and b2-adrenergic-stimulated opening probabilities of LTCC.[17] This occurs by changing the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of caveolin-3-associated binding proteins, causing negative down-stream effects on LTCC activity.[17]

Implications in disease

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Alterations in caveolin-3 expression have been implicated in the altered expression and regulation of numerous signaling molecules involved in cardiomyopathies.[21] Disruption of caveolin-3 disturbs the structure of cardiac caveolae and blocks atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression, a cardiac-related hormone involved in many functions including maintaining cellular homeostasis.[21][25] Normal caveolin-3 expression under conditions of stress increases cardiac cellular levels of ANP, maintaining cardiac homeostasis.[21] Mutations have been identified in the caveolin-3 gene that result in cardiomyopathies.[20] Several of these mutations influence caveolin-3 function by reducing the expression of its cell-surface domains.[19] Mutations resulting in loss-of-function of caveolin-3 cause cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, dilation of the heart, and depression of fractional shortening.[22][23] Knockout of caveolin-3 genes are sufficient to induce these manifestations.[25] Similarly, dominant-negative genotypes for caveolin-3 increase cardiac hypertrophy, whereas increased expression of caveolin-3 inhibits the ability of the heart to hypertrophy, implicating caveolin-3 as a negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy.[22][23] Overexpression of caveolin-3 leads to the development of cardiomyopathy, resulting in degeneration of cardiac tissue and manifesting pathologies due to the associated degeneration.[19]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182533 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000062694 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ McNally EM, de Sá Moreira E, Duggan DJ, Bönnemann CG, Lisanti MP, Lidov HG, Vainzof M, Passos-Bueno MR, Hoffman EP, Zatz M, Kunkel LM (August 1998). "Caveolin-3 in muscular dystrophy". Hum Mol Genet. 7 (5): 871–7. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.5.871. PMID 9536092.
  6. ^ Minetti C, Sotgia F, Bruno C, Scartezzini P, Broda P, Bado M, Masetti E, Mazzocco M, Egeo A, Donati MA, Volonte D, Galbiati F, Cordone G, Bricarelli FD, Lisanti MP, Zara F (April 1998). "Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene cause autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy". Nat Genet. 18 (4): 365–8. doi:10.1038/ng0498-365. PMID 9537420. S2CID 35061895.
  7. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: CAV3 caveolin 3".
  8. ^ Hedley PL, Kanters JK, Dembic M, Jespersen T, Skibsbye L, Aidt FH, Eschen O, Graff C, Behr ER, Schlamowitz S, Corfield V, McKenna WJ, Christiansen M (2013). "The Role of CAV3 in Long-QT Syndrome: Clinical and Functional Assessment of a Caveolin-3/Kv11.1 Double Heterozygote Versus Caveolin-3 Single Heterozygote". Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 6 (5): 452–61. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000137. PMID 24021552.
  9. ^ Sotgia F, Lee JK, Das K, Bedford M, Petrucci TC, Macioce P, Sargiacomo M, Bricarelli FD, Minetti C, Sudol M, Lisanti MP (December 2000). "Caveolin-3 directly interacts with the C-terminal tail of beta -dystroglycan. Identification of a central WW-like domain within caveolin family members". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (48): 38048–58. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005321200. PMID 10988290.
  10. ^ Matsuda C, Hayashi YK, Ogawa M, Aoki M, Murayama K, Nishino I, Nonaka I, Arahata K, Brown RH (August 2001). "The sarcolemmal proteins dysferlin and caveolin-3 interact in skeletal muscle". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (17): 1761–6. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.17.1761. PMID 11532985.
  11. ^ Couet J, Sargiacomo M, Lisanti MP (November 1997). "Interaction of a receptor tyrosine kinase, EGF-R, with caveolins. Caveolin binding negatively regulates tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase activities". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (48): 30429–38. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.48.30429. PMID 9374534.
  12. ^ Whiteley G, Collins RF, Kitmitto A (November 2012). "Characterization of the molecular architecture of human caveolin-3 and interaction with the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 287 (48): 40302–16. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.377085. PMC 3504746. PMID 23071107.
  13. ^ Whiteley G, Collins RF, Kitmitto A (Nov 23, 2012). "Characterization of the molecular architecture of human caveolin-3 and interaction with the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (48): 40302–16. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.377085. PMC 3504746. PMID 23071107.
  14. ^ a b c d e Bossuyt J, Taylor BE, James-Kracke M, Hale CC (2002). "Evidence for cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger association with caveolin-3". FEBS Lett. 511 (1–3): 113–7. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03323-3. PMID 11821059. S2CID 19419069.
  15. ^ Gazzerro E, Sotgia F, Bruno C, Lisanti MP, Minetti C (2010). "Caveolinopathies: from the biology of caveolin-3 to human diseases". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.103. PMC 2987183. PMID 19584897.
  16. ^ Gratton JP, Bernatchez P, Sessa WC (2004). "Caveolae and caveolins in the cardiovascular system". Circ. Res. 94 (11): 1408–17. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000129178.56294.17. PMID 15192036.
  17. ^ a b c d e Bryant S, Kimura TE, Kong CH, Watson JJ, Chase A, Suleiman MS, James AF, Orchard CH (2014). "Stimulation of ICa by basal PKA activity is facilitated by caveolin-3 in cardiac ventricular myocytes". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 68 (100): 47–55. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.026. PMC 3980375. PMID 24412535.
  18. ^ a b c Garg V, Sun W, Hu K (2009). "Caveolin-3 negatively regulates recombinant cardiac K(ATP) channels". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 385 (3): 472–7. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.100. PMID 19481058.
  19. ^ a b c Aravamudan B, Volonte D, Ramani R, Gursoy E, Lisanti MP, London B, Galbiati F (2003). "Transgenic overexpression of caveolin-3 in the heart induces a cardiomyopathic phenotype". Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 (21): 2777–88. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg313. PMID 12966035.
  20. ^ a b Hayashi T, Arimura T, Ueda K, Shibata H, Hohda S, Takahashi M, Hori H, Koga Y, Oka N, Imaizumi T, Yasunami M, Kimura A (January 2004). "Identification and functional analysis of a caveolin-3 mutation associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 313 (1): 178–84. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.101. PMID 14672715.
  21. ^ a b c d Horikawa YT, Panneerselvam M, Kawaraguchi Y, Tsutsumi YM, Ali SS, Balijepalli RC, Murray F, Head BP, Niesman IR, Rieg T, Vallon V, Insel PA, Patel HH, Roth DM (2011). "Cardiac-specific overexpression of caveolin-3 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and increases natriuretic peptide expression and signaling". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57 (22): 2273–83. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.12.032. PMC 3236642. PMID 21616289.
  22. ^ a b c Koga A, Oka N, Kikuchi T, Miyazaki H, Kato S, Imaizumi T (2003). "Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of caveolin-3 inhibits rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy". Hypertension. 42 (2): 213–9. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000082926.08268.5D. PMID 12847114.
  23. ^ a b c Woodman SE, Park DS, Cohen AW, Cheung MW, Chandra M, Shirani J, Tang B, Jelicks LA, Kitsis RN, Christ GJ, Factor SM, Tanowitz HB, Lisanti MP (2002). "Caveolin-3 knock-out mice develop a progressive cardiomyopathy and show hyperactivation of the p42/44 MAPK cascade". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (41): 38988–97. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205511200. PMID 12138167.
  24. ^ a b Lin E, Hung VH, Kashihara H, Dan P, Tibbits GF (2009). "Distribution patterns of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and caveolin-3 in developing rabbit cardiomyocytes". Cell Calcium. 45 (4): 369–83. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2009.01.001. PMID 19250668.
  25. ^ a b Nakajima K, Onishi K, Dohi K, Tanabe M, Kurita T, Yamanaka T, Ito M, Isaka N, Nobori T, Nakano T (2005). "Effects of human atrial natriuretic peptide on cardiac function and hemodynamics in patients with high plasma BNP levels". Int. J. Cardiol. 104 (3): 332–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.020. PMID 16186065.

Further reading

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