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Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh

Coordinates: 40°26′50″N 79°56′59″W / 40.44722°N 79.94972°W / 40.44722; -79.94972
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Not to be confused with the Byzantine Catholic Church territory, the Archeparchy of Pittsburgh.

Diocese of Pittsburgh

Diœcesis Pittsburgensis
St. Paul Cathedral
An image of a coat of arms: a golden sword laid over a fess chequy blue and silver and two gold rounded crosses pattée in chief, with a bishop's mitre surmounting the shield.
Coat of Arms of the Diocese of Pittsburgh
Location
Country United States
TerritoryPennsylvania Pennsylvania counties of Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Greene, Lawrence, and Washington
Ecclesiastical provinceProvince of Philadelphia
Headquarters111 Boulevard of the Allies
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Coordinates40°26′50″N 79°56′59″W / 40.44722°N 79.94972°W / 40.44722; -79.94972
Statistics
Area3,786 sq mi (9,810 km2)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2021)
1,893,567
625,490 (32%)
Parishes107
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
EstablishedAugust 11, 1843; 181 years ago (1843-08-11)
CathedralSaint Paul Cathedral
Patron saintMary Immaculate (primary) and St. Paul the Apostle (secondary)[1]
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
BishopDavid Zubik
Metropolitan ArchbishopNelson J. Perez
Auxiliary BishopsWilliam J. Waltersheid
Mark Eckman
Vicar GeneralLawrence A. DiNardo
Judicial VicarMichael S. Sedor
Bishops emeritusWilliam J. Winter
Map
Website
diopitt.org

The Diocese of Pittsburgh (Latin: Diœcesis Pittsburgensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in Western Pennsylvania in the United States. It was established on August 11, 1843. The diocese is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia.

The cathedral church of the diocese is Saint Paul Cathedral in Pittsburgh. As of 2024, the bishop of Pittsburgh is David Zubik.

Territory

[edit]

The Diocese of Pittsburgh includes 61 parish-groupings (107 churches) in the counties of Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Greene, Lawrence, and Washington, an area of 3,786 sq mi (9,810 km2). The diocese had a Catholic population of 625,490 as of 2022. As of July 2021, the diocese had 194 active priests.[2]

History

[edit]

1750 to 1800

[edit]

In 1754, the first mass within the present-day Diocese of Pittsburgh was celebrated at Fort Duquesne by a French Franciscan chaplain. A chapel was built at the fort, dedicated to the Virgin Mary under the title of "The Assumption of Our Lady of the Beautiful River". When the French destroyed the fort in 1758, the mission became a ruin.[3] The region then passed into British rule.

Unlike the other British colonies in America, the Province of Pennsylvania did not ban Catholics from the colony or threaten priests with imprisonment. However, the colony did require any Catholics seeing public office to take an oath to Protestantism. In 1784, a year after the end of the American Revolution, Pope Pius VI erected the Apostolic Prefecture of United States of America, including all of the new United States.[4][5]

In 1789, Pius VI converted the prefecture to the Diocese of Baltimore, covering all of the United States.[6] With the passage of the US Bill of Rights in 1791, Catholics received full freedom of worship.

1800 to 1850

[edit]

In 1808, Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Philadelphia, covering all of Pennsylvania.[7] In 1843, the four American bishops and one archbishop met in the Fifth Provincial Council of Baltimore. They recommended that the Vatican erect a Diocese of Pittsburgh and nominated Michael O'Connor, vicar general of Western Pennsylvania and pastor of St. Paul's Church in Pittsburgh, to be appointed the first bishop.[8]

The Vatican erected the Diocese of Pittsburgh on August 11, 1843, by taking its territory from the Diocese of Philadelphia.[9] The new diocese covered all of Western Pennsylvania. The pope appointed O'Connor as bishop. After his consecration in Rome, O'Connor traveled to Ireland to recruit clergy for his new diocese. He found eight seminarians from Maynooth College in Maynooth and seven Sisters of Mercy from Dublin.[10] O'Connor arrived in Pittsburgh in December 1843.

In 1844, O'Connor founded a girls' academy and St. Paul's orphan asylum, a chapel for African Americans, the Pittsburgh Catholic and St. Michael's Seminary. To serve the German immigrants in his diocese, he welcomed the Benedictine monks, who founded Saint Vincent Archabbey in Latrobe,[8] the first Benedictine monastery in the United States. To further education he invited the Franciscan Brothers of Mountbellew in Ireland, who established the first community of religious brothers in the United States in Loretto.[11]

1850 to 1900

[edit]

In 1853, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Erie, taking the northern counties from the Diocese of Pittsburgh. After O'Connor resigned in 1860, Pope Pius IX named Michael Domenec from Philadelphia as the second bishop of Pittsburgh.[12] After the American Civil War ended in 1865, the diocese went heavily in debt to finance expansion projects. When the panic of 1873 happened, diocesan revenues fell dramatically, creating a debt crisis for the diocese.[13]

In 1876, Pius IX erected the Diocese of Allegheny, taking several counties from the Diocese of Pittsburgh, and named Domenec as its first bishop. He was succeeded in Pittsburgh by John Tuigg of Pittsburgh.

During his tenure as bishop, Tuigg succeeded in stabilizing the diocesan finances. The Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost, the predecessor of Duquesne University, was founded in 1878 in Pittsburgh by a group of Holy Ghost priests from Germany.[14] After Tuigg suffered his first stroke, Pope Leo XIII appointed Richard Phelan of Pittsburgh as coadjutor bishop in 1885 to assist Tuigg.[15]

In July 1889, the Vatican reversed course, suppressed the Diocese of Allegheny and reintegrated all of its territory back into the Diocese of Pittsburgh.[10] After Tuigg died in December 1889, Phelan automatically succeeded him as bishop.[12] During this period, Catholic immigrants of many nationalities flooded into Western Pennsylvania to work the mines and steel mills. Phelan set up new parishes with pastors who could speak the immigrants' native languages.

1900 to 1980

[edit]

In 1901, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Altoona, taking its territory from the Diocese of Pittsburgh. In 1903, Pope Pius X named Regis Canevin of Pittsburgh as coadjutor bishop in that diocese.[16] Canevin succeeded Phelan after his death in 1904.[10] Canevin died in 1921.[12]

Pope Benedict XV named Hugh Charles Boyle of Pittsburgh as the sixth bishop of that diocese in 1921.[12] During his 29-year tenure, Boyle sponsored a comprehensive school-building program in the diocese.[17] The Brothers of the Christian Schools opened Central Catholic High School in Pittsburgh in 1927.[18] The Sisters of Mercy opened Carlow College, a women's college, in Pittsburgh in 1929.[19]

In 1948, John Dearden of Pittsburgh was appointed coadjutor bishop of the diocese by Pope Pius XII to assist Boyle.[20] When Boyle died in 1950, Dearden automatically succeeded him as bishop.[12] The Vatican in 1951 erected the Diocese of Greensburg, taking its territory from the Diocese of Pittsburgh.[21] Dearden was appointed archbishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit in 1958

To replace Dearden, Pius XII named Bishop John Wright from the Diocese of Worcester.[12] Wright attended the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), during which he was a decisive force behind several of its documents.[22] Following the council's advancements in ecumenism, he believed that an "immediate unity in good works and charity" would arise between Catholics and Protestants.[23] In 1961, Wright opened the Bishop's Latin School in Pittsburgh as the pre-seminary high school of the diocese.[24][25] La Roche College was founded in McCandless, Pennsylvania, in 1963 by the Sisters of Divine Providence as a private college for religious sisters.[26]

Wright promoted music and culture during his time in Pittsburgh. He commissioned the composer Mary Lou Williams, to perform a jazz mass at a local Catholic school, and helped her to establish the Pittsburgh Jazz Festival. In 1969, Pope Paul VI appointed Wright as the prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy in Rome.[12]

The next bishop of Pittsburgh was Auxiliary Bishop Vincent Leonard of Pittsburgh, appointed by Paul VI in 1969. During his tenure, Leonard became one of the first American bishops to release his diocesan financial reports to the public. He also established a due-process system to allow Catholics to appeal any administrative decision they believed was a violation of canon law.[27]

1980 to 2000

[edit]

Leonard resigned as bishop of Pittsburgh in 1983, due to arthritis.[28] Pope John Paul II then named Auxiliary Bishop Anthony Bevilacqua of the Diocese of Brooklyn as the tenth bishop of Pittsburgh that same year.[12] In 1986, Bevilacqua banned women from participating in the Holy Thursday foot-washing service. He said that the service was a re-enactment of the Last Supper, in which Jesus only washed men's feet. After pushback from Catholic women and from the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Bevilacqua relented, allowing individual pastors to decide. However, he refused to attend services that washed women's feet.[29] In 1987, John Paul II appointed Bevilacqua as archbishop of Philadelphia.

The next bishop of Pittsburgh was Auxiliary Bishop Donald Wuerl from the Archdiocese of Seattle, appointed by John Paul II in 1988.[12] Despite the financial condition of the diocese, Wuerl decided to expand health services. Wuerl worked with hospitals and community groups to create a group home for people suffering from HIV/AIDS. In 2003, Wuerl conducted a successful $2.5 million fundraising campaign to create the Catholic Charities Free Health Care Center. The clinic served the uninsured working poor.[30] Wuerl reorganized the diocese in response to demographic changes, the decline of the steel industry, and the church's weak financial position. He closed 73 church buildings, including 37 churches, and reduced 331 parishes to 214 parishes through mergers.[31] Wuerl was named archbishop of the Archdiocese of Washington in 2006.

2000 to present

[edit]

Pope Benedict XVI appointed bishop David Zubik from the Diocese of Green Bay as the twelfth bishop of Pittsburgh in 2007.[12] In 2012, the diocese joined other parties in suing the Obama administration regarding the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA). The diocese objected to a regulation that would force Catholic hospitals and other such institutions to provide health insurance coverage of contraceptives to their employees. Zubik said, "The mandate would require the Catholic Church as an employer to violate its fundamental beliefs concerning human life and human dignity ..." These cases were consolidated and made it to the Supreme Court as Zubik v. Burwell.[32] The court vacated a lower court ruling and forced the cases back to the lower courts.

In 2015, Zubik announced On Mission for the Church ALIVE!, an initiative to start reorganizing parishes in 2018. The plan was to merge 188 parishes to 57 parish groupings served by clergy teams, with the goal of maximizing parish resources to achieve "vibrant parishes and effective ministries."[33] Zubik formulated the plan in response to decreasing mass attendance, a significant drop in offertory collections and a declining number of priests; by 2025 the diocese was projected to have a 50% drop in the number of priest from 2018.[34][35] Many parishioners were angry at the closing of churches they had attended since childhood. Others supported the plan, saying sweeping changes were necessary to keep the diocese healthy. Zubik in 2015 acknowledged that:

"...transformation is rarely easy, especially in the heartfelt matters of faith and parish life. I know that this change will require us – the faithful, the clergy, and myself – to let go of some things that are precious and familiar. I also am convinced that our clergy and faithful have what it takes to form deep and lasting relationships within their groupings and to create welcoming communities."[36]

Pope Francis in 2021 issued the motu proprio Traditionis custodes, an apostolic letter that increased restrictions on the celebration of the Tridentine Mass. The diocese announced that it would continue the daily celebration of the Tridentine Mass at Most Precious Blood of Jesus Parish in Pittsburgh. Zubik had established this personal parish in July 2019 for daily celebration of the Tridentine Mass.[37]

Bishops

[edit]
See also: Diocese of Allegheny

Bishops of Pittsburgh

[edit]
  1. Michael O'Connor (1843-7/1853), appointed Bishop of Erie
  2. Michael O'Connor (12/1853-1860)
  3. Michael Domenec (1860–1876), appointed Bishop of Allegheny
  4. John Tuigg (1876–1889)
  5. Richard Phelan (1889–1904; coadjutor bishop 1885–1889)
  6. Regis Canevin (1904–1921; coadjutor bishop 1903–1904), retired and appointed Archbishop ad personam
  7. Hugh Boyle (1921–1950)
  8. John Dearden (1950–1958; coadjutor bishop 1948–1950), appointed Archbishop of Detroit (elevated to Cardinal in 1969)
  9. John Wright (1959–1969), appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy (elevated to Cardinal in 1969)
  10. Vincent Leonard (1969–1983)
  11. Anthony Bevilacqua (1983–1987), appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia (elevated to Cardinal in 1991)
  12. Donald Wuerl (1988–2006), appointed Archbishop of Washington (elevated to Cardinal in 2010)
  13. David Zubik (2007–present)

Current auxiliary bishops

[edit]

Former auxiliary bishops

[edit]

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

[edit]

Churches

[edit]
Main article: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh

Education

[edit]

As of 2018, the Diocese of Pittsburgh schools had an enrollment of approximately 17,000 students and employed nearly 1,500 teachers, making it the fourth largest school system in Pennsylvania.[38] The system operated 69 elementary, pre-K and special schools.[38] The diocese in 2018 stated that enrollment in its school system had fallen by 50 percent since 2000.[39]

Elementary schools

[edit]

Between 2005 and 2010, the diocese closed 16 elementary schools.[40][41] In 2018, the diocese closed Saint Rosalia Academy in Greenfield. It also merged North American Martyrs School and Saint Bernadette School in Monroeville into the new Divine Mercy Academy.[39]

In 2020, the Pittsburgh-East Regional Catholic Elementary Schools (PERCES) closed East Catholic School in Forest Hills and Saint Maria Goretti in Bloomfield.[42][43] PERCES also merged Saint Anne School in Castle Shannon, Saint Bernard School in Mount Lebanon, Our Lady of Grace School in Scott Township, and Saint Thomas More School in Bethel Park into one school program. The program would have two preschool through eighth grade sites at Saint Thomas More and Saint Bernard.[44]

High schools

[edit]

Diocesan

[edit]

Parochial

[edit]

St. Joseph High School – Harrison Township

Private or independent

[edit]

Closed schools

[edit]

Higher education

[edit]

Three Catholic colleges and universities operate within the diocese. While affiliated with the Catholic Church, these institutions only receive indirect support from the diocese, such as tuition support for students from diocesan schools.[45]

Seminarians in the diocese complete their pre-theological studies at Saint Paul Seminary in Pittsburgh.[46]

Ministries

[edit]

The Diocese of Pittsburgh sponsors a yearly Medallion Ball. It is a debutante ball that honors young women who perform at least 100 hours of eligible volunteer work. The proceeds from the event benefit St. Lucy's Auxiliary to the Blind. In 2002, a Joan of Arc Medallion was awarded to a young woman with Down syndrome who had volunteered as a teacher's assistant. In 2013, a medallion winner was legally blind and had volunteered with a therapeutic horseback-riding program. It is common for attendees to perform more than 800 hours of volunteer work.[30]

The diocese holds a biannual "The Light is On For You" campaign to help Catholics reconnect to the church. The campaign makes it more convenient for Catholics to make confession. During the campaign, confession is available at all diocesan churches for extended hours.[47]

Sexual abuse cases

[edit]

1978 to 1990

[edit]

In July 1978, a woman called the Pittsburgh Police to complain that Anthony Cipolla had sexually abused her two sons, ages nine and 12. The abuse allegedly took place at a hotel room in Dearborn, Michigan and at Cipolla's rectory, with Cipolla giving the boys fake physical examinations. During the preliminary hearing, Bishop Leonard called the mother, urging her to drop the charges. Leonard said that the diocese would take case of Cipolla. The mother eventually followed his advice and the diocese transferred Cipolla to another diocese.[48]

In 1988, Tim Bendig told the diocese that Cipolla had sexually abused him from around 1981 to 1986. Like the earlier two victims, Cipolla administered physical exams to Bendig and rubbed baby powder on his body. The diocese removed Cipolla from ministry and sent him to St. Michael's Institute n New York City. When Cipolla finished there, St. Michael's gave him a positive recommendation to return to ministry. However, Bishop Wuerl refused to return him to ministry until he was evaluated at a different center; Cipolla refused the order. Wuerl suspended Cipolla from priesthood in 1990. In 1992, Bendig sued the diocese. Cipolla appealed his suspension to the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, which in March 1993 ordered Wuerl to return him to ministry.[49] The diocese in 1993 made a financial settlement with Bendig.[48] The Vatican in 1995 reversed its 1993 ruling and permanently suspended Cipolla from public ministry. In 2002, Cipolla was laicized by the Vatican.[50][51]

In 1985, John O'Connor from the Diocese of Camden was charged with inappropriately touching a 14-year-old boy in Cape May, New Jersey, during a sleepover. O'Connor was arrested, then released to a pretrial intervention program in Toronto, followed by a period of court supervision. After O'Connor completed the program, Camden Bishop George Henry Guilfoyle asked Bishop Bevilacqua to accept O'Connor in the Diocese of Pittsburgh. Bevilacqua agreed and assigned O'Connor as a hospital chaplain. O'Connor was moved back to Camden in 1993 because his 1985 victim had sued that diocese and received a settlement.[52]

In September 1987, the diocese received an accusation of sexual abuse against three priests: Richard Zula, Francis Pucci and Robert Wolk. The three men were accused of sexually abusing two young brothers between 1984 and 1986. The two brothers filed suit against the diocese in May 1988.

  • Zula was arrested in September 1988 and charged with over 130 counts of child sexual abuse against the two brothers.[53] He pleaded guilty and was sentenced in 1990 to two to five years in prison.[53]
  • Pucci was never charged with any crimes due to the passage of the statute of limitations. Prosecutors accused the diocese of a lack of cooperation in the investigation. More allegations against Pucci would arise during the 1990s.[54]
  • Wolk was arrested in October 1988 and charged with oral sodomy and attempted anal sex. He pleaded guilty in January 1990 and was sentenced to five to ten years in prison. He was convicted of similar offenses in another Pennsylvania county in June 1988.[55]

Wuerl met with the family of the brothers in early 1989, despite the warnings of his advisors. Wuerl said, "The lawyers could talk to one another, but I wasn't ordained to oversee a legal structure. As their bishop I was responsible for the Church's care of that family, and the only way I could do that was to go see them.[30] In March 1989, the diocese settled the brothers' lawsuit for $900,000.[53] Wuerl then implemented a "zero tolerance" policy against sexual abuse.[30]

Wuerl informed all diocesan priests that sexual contact with a minor was not merely a sin, but a crime that would result in permanent removal from the ministry and maybe prison. Priests were instructed to report any allegation of sexual abuse committed by a priest or church employee to the chancery. The diocese created the Diocesan Review Board in 1989 to offer evaluations and recommendations to the bishop on the handling of all sexual abuse cases.[30]

1990 to present

[edit]

The Diocese of Pittsburgh removed David Dzermejko from Mary, Mother of the Church Parish in Charleroi in 2009 after the diocese received accusations from two men of sexual abuse in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[56][57] In May 2013, he was indicted on charges of possessing child pornography.[58] Police had found over 100 pornographic images on his computer. Dzermejko pleaded guilty in April 2014 and was sentenced to three years in prison.[59]

In December 2011, a woman entering the office of Bartley A. Sorensen observed him looking at child pornography on his computer. She immediately reported him to the diocese, which suspended him and notified authorities. Police found over 5,000 pornographic images on his computer along with printed materials. He pleaded guilty in May 2021 and was sentenced to 93 months in prison.[60]

Deacon Rosendo Dacal was arrested in April 2018 on charges of unlawful contact with a minor and criminal use of communications. Dacal in December 2017 started communicating in a chat room with a teenage boy, sending the boy sexually explicit messages and pornographic images. However, the boy was actually a North Strabane police officer.[61] Dacal pleaded guilty and was sentenced to two years of probation and 100 hours of community service.[62]

In August 2018, a man from Southeast Asia accused Hugh Lang, the retired pastor of Saint Therese of Lisieux Parish in Munhall, of sexual abuse. The plaintiff said that Lang of sexually assaulted him in 2001 when he was a boy during a training session for altar servers. Lang was arrested in January 2019 on assault charges.[63] Lang denied the charges. He was convicted of six sexual abuse charges and sentenced in February 2020 to nine to 23 months in jail.[64] However, a judge overturned Lang's conviction in March 2020, due to an error by the presiding judge. Prosecutors later decided to drop the charges.[65]

Pennsylvania grand jury investigation

[edit]
Main article: Grand jury investigation of Catholic Church sexual abuse in Pennsylvania

In early 2016, a grand jury investigation, led by Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro, began an inquiry into sexual abuse by Catholic clergy in six Pennsylvania dioceses, including the Diocese of Pittsburgh.[66] The six dioceses in August 2018 sued the attorney general in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, opposing the release of the grand jury report. They raised issues about the rights of priests named in the report, including the lack of due process and fairness, the deprivation of the right to personal reputation and the inability of clergy to defend themselves.[67] The court allowed the state to publish the grand jury report.

In 2018, Zubik confirmed that the diocese would release the list of clergy accused of sex abuse when the grand jury report was made public.[68][69] In his letter, Zubik noted that the diocese had implemented policies to deal with sexual abuse 30 years ago. Clergy, church employees, and volunteers were all required to go through sexual abuse training programs and criminal background checks. Zubik also noted that 90% of all the allegations in the report occurred before 1990.[69]

The Pennsylvania grand jury report was released in August 2018.[70][71] It listed 99 priests who had served in the Diocese of Pittsburgh.[70] The report stated that some priests in the diocese ran a child porn ring in the 1970s and 1980s, saying they "used whips, violence and sadism in raping their victims."[72][73] These abusive priests gave their victims gold crosses so that other pedophile priests would recognize them.[73]

Sexual abuse lawsuits

[edit]

In January 2020, a lawsuit against the Diocese of Pittsburgh which was filed by sex abuse survivors, as well as their parents, in September 2018 was allowed to move forward.[74] In February 2020, it was reported that the lawsuit did not involve requests for monetary awards, but rather greater disclosure of sex abuse records.[75] On April 15, 2020, a man filed a lawsuit against the Diocese of Pittsburgh for allegedly shielding priests who sexually abused him as a boy.[76] On August 7, 2020, a new lawsuit was filed against the Diocese of Pittsburgh from a man alleging that Leo Burchianti attacked and raped him twice when he was an altar boy.[77] Burchianti, who died in 2013, is also accused of having inappropriate sexual relationships with at least eight boys and was previously mentioned in the state grand report.[77] Wuerl and Zubik have been named as defendants in numerous lawsuits as well.[78][76][79][80]

On August 13, 2020, 25 new sex abuse lawsuits were filed against the Diocese of Pittsburgh.[81] On August 14, 2020, it was revealed that the Diocese of Pittsburgh, along with Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Diocese of Allentown and Diocese of Scranton, was enduring the bulk of 150 new lawsuits filed against all eight Pennsylvania Catholic dioceses.[82] On November 20, 2020, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied a petition filed by the Diocese of Pittsburgh to grant a stay which would've delayed three ongoing lawsuits against the Diocese.[83]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Priests". Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  3. ^ The Illustrated Catholic family annual for the United States, for the year of our Lord 1884. New York: The Catholic Publication Society. 1884. pp. 90–91.
  4. ^ Carden, Terry (July 7, 2005). Coming of Age In Scranton: Memories of a Puer Aeternus. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-80765-9.
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  34. ^ On Mission – Frequently Asked Questions Archived March 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine "From 2000 to 2015 Mass attendance in the Diocese of Pittsburgh decreased 40 percent while participation in the sacraments declined 40 to 50 percent. Half of all parishes now experience operational deficits, and by 2025, the number of diocesan priests available for active ministry is expected to decrease from the current 216 priests to 112." Accessed June 22, 2017.
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Sources

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  • Glenn, Francis A. (1993). Shepherds of the Faith 1843–1993: A Brief History of the Bishops of the Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh: Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh. ISBN none.
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