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==History==
==History==
===Founding===
===Founding===
Bungie officially was founded in May of 1991 by [[Alex Seropian]] and [[Jason Jones (programmer)|Jason Jones]].<ref name="history of bungie"/> The origin of the name "Bungie" is the subject of conflicting answers. Many in the company treat it as a closely guarded secret,<ref name="history of bungie">{{cite web|url=http://www.bungie.net/Inside/content.aspx?link=HistoryOfBungie_p1|title=Promordial Soup: Gnop!|work=[[Bungie.net]]|date=2007-03-06|accessdate=2007-10-08|author=Achronos, Tom}}</ref> While a bonus disc provided in the ''[[Halo 3]]'' [[Halo 3#Versions|Legendary Edition]] states the name is "the punchline to a dirty joke", the explanation has been used before by Bungie for other questions as explanations for other company secrets.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff|date=1996-10-15|url=http://marathon.bungie.org/story/bungienewsletter.html|title=The Bungie Newsletter Vol. I Issue 1|work=[[Halo.Bungie.Org|Marathon.Bungie.Org]]|accessdate=2008-03-01}}</ref> According to the ''Marathon Scrapbook'' company founder Alex Seropian "agonized over what he would name his company, finally settling on 'Bungie' because 'it sounded fun.'"<ref name="marathon story">{{cite web|author=Sinclair, Hamish|date=2004-04-11|url=http://marathon.bungie.org/story/scrapbook.html|title=Marathon's Story... Facts|work=[[Halo.Bungie.Org|Marathon.Bungie.Org]]|accessdate=2008-03-01}}</ref>
"""xXxGwARxXx aka masterjake101 was here yooo""Bungie officially was founded in May of 1991 by [[Alex Seropian]] and [[Jason Jones (programmer)|Jason Jones]].<ref name="history of bungie"/> The origin of the name "Bungie" is the subject of conflicting answers. Many in the company treat it as a closely guarded secret,<ref name="history of bungie">{{cite web|url=http://www.bungie.net/Inside/content.aspx?link=HistoryOfBungie_p1|title=Promordial Soup: Gnop!|work=[[Bungie.net]]|date=2007-03-06|accessdate=2007-10-08|author=Achronos, Tom}}</ref> While a bonus disc provided in the ''[[Halo 3]]'' [[Halo 3#Versions|Legendary Edition]] states the name is "the punchline to a dirty joke", the explanation has been used before by Bungie for other questions as explanations for other company secrets.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff|date=1996-10-15|url=http://marathon.bungie.org/story/bungienewsletter.html|title=The Bungie Newsletter Vol. I Issue 1|work=[[Halo.Bungie.Org|Marathon.Bungie.Org]]|accessdate=2008-03-01}}</ref> According to the ''Marathon Scrapbook'' company founder Alex Seropian "agonized over what he would name his company, finally settling on 'Bungie' because 'it sounded fun.'"<ref name="marathon story">{{cite web|author=Sinclair, Hamish|date=2004-04-11|url=http://marathon.bungie.org/story/scrapbook.html|title=Marathon's Story... Facts|work=[[Halo.Bungie.Org|Marathon.Bungie.Org]]|accessdate=2008-03-01}}</ref>


The company's first game was called ''Gnop!'' (''[[Pong]]'' spelled backwards) and was offered free of charge.<ref name="history of bungie"/> The team focused on the Macintosh platform, not [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]-based personal computers, because the Mac market was more open and Jones had been raised on the platform.<ref name="history of bungie"/> Following ''Gnop!'', Bungie produced ''[[Operation Desert Storm]]'', which went on to sell 2,500 copies, and the [[computer role-playing game|role-playing game]] ''[[Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete]]'' in 1992.<ref name="history of bungie"/>
The company's first game was called ''Gnop!'' (''[[Pong]]'' spelled backwards) and was offered free of charge.<ref name="history of bungie"/> The team focused on the Macintosh platform, not [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]-based personal computers, because the Mac market was more open and Jones had been raised on the platform.<ref name="history of bungie"/> Following ''Gnop!'', Bungie produced ''[[Operation Desert Storm]]'', which went on to sell 2,500 copies, and the [[computer role-playing game|role-playing game]] ''[[Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete]]'' in 1992.<ref name="history of bungie"/>

Revision as of 23:03, 10 March 2008

Bungie, INC.
Company typePrivate (LLC), former subsidiary of Microsoft
IndustryVideo game industry
Founded1991
HeadquartersKirkland, Washington, U.S.
Key people
Jason Jones
Martin O'Donnell
Joseph Staten
ProductsVideo games
Number of employees
826 (2022) Edit this on Wikidata
ParentSony Interactive Entertainment Edit this on Wikidata
Websitebungie.net

Bungie is an American video game developer founded in May 1991 under the name Bungie Software Products Corporation by two undergraduate students at the University of Chicago, Alex Seropian and Jason Jones. Originally based in Chicago, the company concentrated primarily on Macintosh games during its first nine years of existence, producing the popular Marathon and Myth series as well as games such as Oni. In 2000, Bungie was acquired by Microsoft, and their current project Halo: Combat Evolved was turned into a first-person shooter and launch title for Microsoft's new Xbox game console. Halo went on to become the Xbox's "killer app", and the game and its two sequels have sold millions of copies.

On October 5, 2007, Bungie announced that it had split with Microsoft and become a privately held independent company, Bungie LLC. Despite splitting from its parent company, the studio will still be producing products for Microsoft. Bungie is now a second-party developer, currently based in Kirkland, Washington.

History

Founding

"""xXxGwARxXx aka masterjake101 was here yooo""Bungie officially was founded in May of 1991 by Alex Seropian and Jason Jones.[1] The origin of the name "Bungie" is the subject of conflicting answers. Many in the company treat it as a closely guarded secret,[1] While a bonus disc provided in the Halo 3 Legendary Edition states the name is "the punchline to a dirty joke", the explanation has been used before by Bungie for other questions as explanations for other company secrets.[2] According to the Marathon Scrapbook company founder Alex Seropian "agonized over what he would name his company, finally settling on 'Bungie' because 'it sounded fun.'"[3]

The company's first game was called Gnop! (Pong spelled backwards) and was offered free of charge.[1] The team focused on the Macintosh platform, not Windows-based personal computers, because the Mac market was more open and Jones had been raised on the platform.[1] Following Gnop!, Bungie produced Operation Desert Storm, which went on to sell 2,500 copies, and the role-playing game Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete in 1992.[1]

Bungie next began working on their first 3D game, Pathways into Darkness, which was released in 1993. Pathways was produced by a two-man team consisting of Jason Jones and his friend Colin Brendt.[4] The game was a moderate hit, and attracted attention and money to the company. Bungie moved into their first studio soon afterwards;[4] Martin O'Donnell remembered that the studio "smelled like a frat house" and reminded staff of a locale from the Silent Hill video games.[5]

Marathon, Myth, and Oni

Bungie's next project began as a loose sequel to Pathways into Darkness, but evolved into a futuristic first person shooter called Marathon.[6] The first games success led to a sequel, Marathon 2, which was later the first game Bungie ported to Windows 95. The series introduced several elements, including cooperative mode, which made their way to later Bungie games.[6]

Bungie's success gave rise to a large third-party developer community as well as a short-lived newsletter published through BBS. Following the success of Marathon, Bungie released the Myth series of games, which stressed tactical unit management as opposed to the resource gathering model of other combat strategy titles. The Myth games won several awards and spawned a large and active online community, and (like the Marathon series) are still being actively maintained,[7] developed for,[8] played over the internet,[9] and discussed in forums by fans. Myth: The Fallen Lords was the first Bungie game to be released simultaneously for Mac and Windows platforms.[10] In 1997, Bungie established Bungie West, a studio in California.[11] Bungie West's first and only game would be Oni, an action title for the Mac, PC and PlayStation 2.[11]

Halo and buyout

In 1999, Bungie announced its next product, Halo, as a third-person action game for Windows and Macintosh.[12] Halo's public unveiling occurred at the Macworld Expo 1999 keynote address by Apple's then-interim-CEO Steve Jobs (after a closed-door screening at E3 in 1999).[12]

On June 19, 2000, soon after Halo's preview at E3 2000, Microsoft announced that it had acquired Bungie Software and that Bungie would become a part of the Microsoft Game Division under the name Bungie Studios. Halo would be developed as an exclusive title for the Xbox. The reasons for Bungie accepting Microsoft's offer were varied. Jason Jones stated that "I don't remember the details exactly, it was all a blur. We'd been talking to people for years and years – before we even published Marathon, Activision made a serious offer. But the chance to work on Xbox – the chance to work with a company that took the games seriously. Before that we worried that we'd get bought by someone who just wanted Mac ports or didn't have a clue."[13] Martin O'Donnell, who had joined Bungie as an employee only ten days before the merger was announced, remembers that the stability of the Xbox as a development platform was not the only benefit.[5] Around the same time, it was discovered that Asian versions of Myth II could entirely erase a player's hard drive; the glitch led to a massive recall of the games right before they shipped.[6] O'Donnell stated in a Bungie podcast that this recall created some economic uncertainty, although accepting the offer was not something "Bungie had to do."[5]

As a result of the buyout, the rights to Oni were sold to Take-Two Interactive as part of the three way deal between Microsoft, Bungie and Take-Two; most of the original Oni developers were able to continue working on Oni until its release in 2001.[14] Halo: Combat Evolved, meanwhile, went on to become a critically acclaimed hit, selling more than 6.5 million copies,[15] and becoming the Xbox's flagship franchise.[16]

Halo's success led to Bungie creating two sequels. Halo 2 was released on November 9, 2004, making more than $125 million on release day and setting a record in the entertainment industry.[17] Halo 3, the final installment in the Halo trilogy, was released on September 25, 2007 and surpassed Halo 2's records, making $170 million in its first twenty-four hours of release[18] and becoming the most pre-ordered game in history.[19] Bungie also established partnerships with Ensemble Studios and Wingnut Interactive to produce two additional Halo titles,Halo Wars and Halo: Chronicles respectively.

Independent company

On October 1, 2007, a mere six days after the release of Halo 3, Microsoft and Bungie announced that Bungie was splitting off from its parent and becoming a privately-held Limited Liability Company named Bungie LLC.[20] As outlined in a deal between the two, Microsoft would retain a minority stake and continue to partner with Bungie on publishing and marketing both Halo and future projects, with the Halo intellectual property belonging to Microsoft.[21] Although non-Halo projects in the future are unknown; Bungie has stated that Halo 3 is not the last Halo game they will make, and that they are still working with Peter Jackson of Wingnut Interactive on Halo: Chronicles.[22] No other projects have been officially announced, although Bungie has dropped hints that development on something new has already begun.[23]

Bungie.net

File:Newbungienet.jpg
The Bungie.net website, as of the March 2007 update

Bungie.net serves as the main official portal for interaction between company staff and the community surrounding Bungie's games. The "News" area of the site typically contains information about events in the community, updates to the online aspect of Halo 2 and Halo 3, and "Bungie Weekly Updates". These weekly updates, written by Frank O'Connor and Luke Smith, are deliver updates on day-to-day life in Bungie Studios as well as updates on the current progress of projects such as Halo 3. In addition to this, the site has a large forum section where users can post on a range of topics, mainly related to Bungie's games. When Bungie was bought by Microsoft, the site was originally seen as in competition with Microsoft's own Xbox.com site, but community management eventually won out as the bigger concern.[24]

Another large feature of the site is the integration with Xbox Live, specifically Halo 2 and Halo 3. Detailed information about each game played is recorded, and can be viewed using the "My Stats" area of the website. This information includes statistics on each player in the game, and a map of the game level showing where kills occurred.[25] The website also contains screenshots (including QuickTime "3D" screenshots), wallpapers, storyboards, video trailers, and video documentaries. Since 2004, Bungie.net has undergone 3 major upgrades. The first of these was in April 2004,[26] in preparation for the launch of Halo 2. The second of these was in early 2007, in preparation for Halo 3.

Culture

Martin O'Donnell described Bungie's culture as "a slightly irreverent attitude, and not corporate, bureaucratic or business-focused."[27] Bungie studio head Harold Ryan noted that even from the beginning, when Bungie was bought by Microsoft, the team was still independent:

One of the first things [Microsoft] tried after acquiring Bungie, after first attempting to fully assimilate them, was to move Bungie into a standard Microsoft building with the rest of the game group. But unlike the rest of the teams they’d brought in previously, Bungie didn’t move into Microsoft corporate offices – we tore all of the walls out of that section of the building and sat in a big open environment. Luckily Alex and Jason [Seriopian and Jones, Bungie’s founders] were pretty steadfast at the time about staying somewhat separate and isolated.[27]

Microsoft eventually moved the studio to Kirkland, Washington, where the company has stayed since.[27] Despite the move, financial analyst Roger Ehrenberg declared the Bungie-Microsoft marriage "doomed to fail" due to these fundamental differences.[28] Bungie also pointed out that they were tired of new intellectual property being cast aside to work on the Halo franchise.[27] Edge described the typical Bungie employee as "simultaneously irreverent and passionately loyal; fiercely self-critical; full of excitement at the company’s achievements, no matter how obscure; [and] recruited from its devoted fanbase."[24]

The Bungie workplace is highly informal, with new and old staff willing to challenge each other on topic such as fundamental game elements. Staff are able— and often— publicly criticize their own games.[24][29]

Offshoot companies

Many of Bungie's employees have left the company to form their own studios. Double Aught was a short-lived company comprised of several former Bungie team members, founded by Greg Kirkpatrick. The company helped Bungie develop Marathon: Infinity, the last game in the Marathon series.[6] Wideload Games, creator of Stubbs the Zombie, is another company that came from Bungie; It is headed by one of the two Bungie founders, Alex Seropian, and 7 out of the 11 employees previously worked at Bungie. Other companies include Giant Bite, founded by Hamilton Chu (former lead producer of Bungie Studios), and Michal Evans (former Bungie programmer),[30] and Certain Affinity. Founded by Max Hoberman (the multiplayer design lead for Halo 2 and Halo 3, UI lead for Halo, and founder of Bungie's Community Team), the team of nine includes former Bungie employees (David Bowman & Chad Armstrong) as well as folks from other developers. It collaborated with Bungie in releasing the last two maps for Halo 2.[31]

Video games

Series

  1. Marathon
  2. Myth
  3. Halo

Individual games

  1. Gnop!
  2. Operation Desert Storm
  3. Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete
  4. Pathways Into Darkness (sometimes considered part of the Marathon series)
  5. The Macintosh port of Abuse
  6. Weekend Warrior (as publisher)
  7. Oni

Fictional work-in-progress

  1. Pimps at Sea

Canceled games

  1. Phoenix

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Achronos, Tom (2007-03-06). "Promordial Soup: Gnop!". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  2. ^ Staff (1996-10-15). "The Bungie Newsletter Vol. I Issue 1". Marathon.Bungie.Org. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
  3. ^ Sinclair, Hamish (2004-04-11). "Marathon's Story... Facts". Marathon.Bungie.Org. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
  4. ^ a b Achronos, Tom (2007-03-06). "Promordial Soup: Pathways". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  5. ^ a b c O’Connor, Frank; O'Donnell, Martin; Smith, Luke. Official Bungie Podcast: With Martin O'Donnell (MP3). Bungie Studios. Retrieved 2008-02-28. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help)
  6. ^ a b c d Bungie (2007-03-06). "Promordial Soup: Marathon". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  7. ^ Project Magma (2008). "About Page". ProjectMagma.net. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
  8. ^ "The Tain: File Archives". Tain.TotalCodex.net. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  9. ^ "Mariusnet Home". Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  10. ^ Bungie (2007-03-06). "Promordial Soup: Juggernougat". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  11. ^ a b Bungie (2007-03-06). "Promordial Soup: The Juggernougat and Oni". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  12. ^ a b Lopez, Vincent (1999-07-21). "Heavenly Halo Announced from Bungie". IGN. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Bungie (2007-03-06). "Billion Dollar Donut: Halo CE". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  14. ^ Soell, Matt (2001-02-09). "Halo Weekly Update". HaloPlayers. Archived from the original on 2001-04-13. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  15. ^ Asher Moses (2007-08-30). "Prepare for all-out war". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2008-02-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "Xbox 360 games we can't wait to play". CNET. 2006-08-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Thorsen, Tor (2004-11-10). "Microsoft raises estimated first-day Halo 2 sales to $125 million-plus". GameSpot. Retrieved 2006-03-15.
  18. ^ Terdiman, Daniel (2007-09-26). "Microsoft: 'Halo 3' nets biggest day in entertainment history". CNET. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  19. ^ Microsoft (2007-10-04). "Halo 3 Records more than $300 Million in First-Week Sales". Xbox.com. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  20. ^ O'Connor, Frank (2007-10-05). "Bungie Studios Becomes Privately Held Independent Company". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  21. ^ O'Connor, Frank (2007-10-05). "Bungie Weekly What's Update". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  22. ^ Klepek, Patrick (2007-10-5). "Bungie Discusses Leaving Microsoft". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2008-03-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ O’Connor, Frank; Smith, Luke; Timmins, Luke. Official Bungie Podcast: With Luke Timmins (MP3). Bungie Studios. Retrieved 2008-03-07. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help)
  24. ^ a b c Staff (2007-01-01). "Inside Bungie". Edge. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  25. ^ Bramwell, Tom (2007-11-12). "Bungie intros Halo 3 Heatmaps". Eurogamer. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accesdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Jerrard, Brian (2004-04-13). "Bungie.net Launch Week Prizetacular Sweepstakes". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  27. ^ a b c d Fear, Ed (2007-11-08). "Single Player". DevelopMagazine. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  28. ^ Ehrenberg, Roger (2007-10-09). "Microsoft/Bungie Divorce Was Inevitable". SeekingAlpha. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
  29. ^ Allen, Christian; Jerrard, Brian; O’Connor, Frank; Smith, Luke. Official Bungie Podcast: With Christian Allen (MP3). Bungie Studios. Retrieved 2008-03-06. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help)
  30. ^ Takahashi, Dean (2006-09-16). "Developer Focus: Giant Bite Pursues Life After Halo". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  31. ^ O'Connor, Frank (2007-03-30). "New Halo 2 Maps revealed!". Bungie.net. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
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