Agrostis vinealis
| Agrostis vinealis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Agrostis |
| Species: | A. vinealis
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| Binomial name | |
| Agrostis vinealis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Agrostis vinealis (Chinese: 芒剪股颖; pinyin: mang jian gu ying) is a species of grass known by the common names brown bentgrass[1] and brown bent,[2] which can be found from Russia to Mongolia, China,[3] Pakistan,[4] India[5] and Alaska.[6] It was introduced to Greenland and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.[7][6]
Description
[edit]
The plant is 30–60 centimetres (12–24 in) tall, 1 millimetre (0.039 in) wide[3] and is both perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes. The culms are 10–60 centimetres (3.9–23.6 in) long and erect. It eciliate membrane have a ligule which is 1–5 millimetres (0.039–0.197 in) long and is obtuse. Leaf-blades are flat, scabrous, and are 2–15 centimetres (0.79–5.91 in) by 1–3 millimetres (0.039–0.118 in). The panicle is 2–20 centimetres (0.79–7.87 in) long and is inflorescenced, lanceolate, open[5] and reddish-purple in colour.[8]
It have solitary spikelets which carry one fertile floret which have a pubescent callus. The spikelets themselves are elliptic, are 2–3.3 millimetres (0.079–0.130 in) long and carry filiformed pedicels. The species carry an oblong fertile lemma which is 1.5–2.5 millimetres (0.059–0.098 in) long and is keelless. The lemma itself have one awn which is 2–4.5 millimetres (0.079–0.177 in) long and palea which is 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in) long and is as hyaline as fertile lemma. The glumes are no different in size then the spikelet. They both are lanceolate, membranous, have no lateral veins and have acute apexes. Flowers are membranous too and have two lodicules. They also carry two stigmas and three stamens the latter of which are 1–1.5 millimetres (0.039–0.059 in) long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum with farinosed endosperm.[5]
Distribution
[edit]In Great Britain, the species is found growing with such trees as birch, pine and oaks on an elevation of 0–845 metres (0–2,772 ft) at the Little Dun Fell, Westmorland, Scotland[9] while in Iceland, it is found on various hills and heathlands.[8] In China, it can be found in such provinces as Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning on an elevation of 1,500–1,700 metres (4,900–5,600 ft)[3] while in Pakistan it is native to such provinces as Punjab, Gilgit, and Kashmir where it is found on an elevation of 2,300–4,300 metres (7,500–14,100 ft).[4]
References
[edit]- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Agrostis vinealis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ a b c "Agrostis vinealis". 22. Flora of China: 341, 347, 348.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Agrostis vinealis". 5 (233). Flora of Pakistan. 1980: 348.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c W.D. Clayton; M. Vorontsova; K.T. Harman; H. Williamson (November 16, 2012). "Agrostis vinealis". The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew: GrassBase. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- ^ a b "Brown bentgrass". USDA. Plants Profile. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- ^ Upson, Rebecca; Myer, Bradley; Floyd, Kelvin; Lee, Jennifer; Clubbe, Colin (15 March 2018). Field guide to the introduced flora of South Georgia. Richmond, Surrey, UK. ISBN 978-1-84246-652-0. OCLC 1007331209.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b "Agrostis vinealis, Brown Bent". Flora of Iceland. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
- ^ Agrostis vinealis (Brown Bent). Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. 1988. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
Further reading
[edit]- Schreber (1771). "Agrostis vinealis". 47. Spic. Fl. Lips: 341, 347–348.
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