British Rail Class 43 (HST): Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
←Replaced content with 'You killed the val oh my god help the class 43 HST' |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
You killed the val oh my god help the class 43 HST |
|||
{{For|the other locomotive given TOPS Class 43|British Rail Class 43 (Warship Class)}} |
|||
{{Disputed|date=June 2009}} |
|||
{{Infobox Locomotive |
|||
|name = British Rail Class 43 |
|||
|powertype = Diesel-electric |
|||
|image = EMT HST 43058 Leicester AB1.JPG |
|||
|caption = 43058 at [[Leicester railway station]] in May 2008 |
|||
|roadnumber = 43002–43198 |
|||
|totalproduction = 197 |
|||
|builder = [[BREL]] [[Crewe Works]] |
|||
|builddate = 1975–1982 |
|||
|primemover = [[Paxman Valenta]] 12RP200L, Paxman 12VP185 or [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] 16V4000 |
|||
|alternator = [[Brush Traction]] BA1001B |
|||
|tractionmotors = [[General Electric Company plc|GEC]] G417AZ or Brush Traction TMH68-46, frame mounted, four of |
|||
|whytetype = Bo-Bo |
|||
|uicclass = Bo'Bo' |
|||
|wheeldiameter = {{convert|3|ft|4|in|m|3|abbr=on}} |
|||
|minimumcurve = |
|||
|trainbrakes = [[Air brake (rail)|Air]] |
|||
|locobrakeforce = {{convert|35|LTf|kN|sigfig=3|lk=in}} |
|||
|wheelbase = |
|||
|trainbrakes = Air |
|||
|locobrakeforce = 35 [[long ton|t]] (350 kN) |
|||
|length = |
|||
|width = |
|||
|height = |
|||
|weight = 70.25 [[metric ton|t]] |
|||
|topspeed = {{convert|148|mph|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
|||
|poweroutput = ''Engine:'' {{convert|2250|bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}<br>''At rail:'' {{convert|1320|kW|bhp|abbr=on}} |
|||
|tractiveeffort = ''Maximum:'' {{convert|17980|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on}}<br>''Continuous:'' {{convert|10340|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} @{{convert|64.5|mph|km/h|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} [http://www.auran.com/trainz/database/class43t.html] |
|||
|fuelcap = {{convert|990|impgal|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
|||
|trainheating = [[Head end power|Electric Train Heat]] |
|||
|multipleworking = Within class only |
|||
|axleloadclass = [[Route availability]] 5 |
|||
|railroad = ''Current''<br>[[First Great Western]]<br>[[National Express East Coast]]<br>[[East Midlands Trains]]<br>[[Grand Central Railway|Grand Central]]<br>[[CrossCountry]]<br>[[Network Rail]]<br>''Previous''<br> |
|||
[[British Rail]]<br>[[Great Western Trains]]<br>[[GNER]]<br>[[Midland Mainline]]<br>[[Virgin Trains]]<br>[[Cotswold Rail]] |
|||
}} |
|||
{{See also|InterCity 125}} |
|||
The [[British Rail]] '''Class 43''' is the [[TOPS]] classification used for the [[InterCity 125]] ''High Speed Train'' power cars, built by [[BREL]] from 1976 to 1982. |
|||
The class is the fastest diesel unit in the world, with an absolute maximum of {{convert|148|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, and {{convert|125|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} regular service speed, although there are claims that this [[Land speed record for railed vehicles#Diesel|diesel rail speed record]] has been broken twice unofficially: by Russian (168 mph, 1992) and Spanish (159 mph, 2002-07-09).<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2002/08/4820/intelligence-52.html Intelligence] ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' August 2002</ref> trains. |
|||
==History and Background== |
|||
In the early 1970s the [[British Railways Board]] (BRB) decided to replace their main-line express diesel traction. Financial limitations were tight, so mass electrification was not possible, as a result a new generation of high-speed diesel trains had to be developed. |
|||
The BRB wanted a cheaper and more reliable alternative to the [[Advanced Passenger Train]], and the prototype high-speed locomotive [[British Rail Class 41 (HST)|Class 41]] was the result. |
|||
Experience with the high-speed [[British Rail Class 55|Class 55 ''Deltic'']] locomotives had shown that a low axle weight was essential to avoid damage to the track at sustained high speed, and that high-speed engines were the only way to provide a good enough power/weight ratio for diesels. To power the HST at up to {{convert|125|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, each locomotive had a new diesel engine, the 12-cylinder [[Paxman Valenta]], running at 1,500 rpm and developing {{convert|2250|bhp|abbr=on}}. The 70-tonne weight of the locomotive gave it a 17.5-tonne axle loading. |
|||
==Development and Design== |
|||
The prototype set was developed at the Railway Technical Centre, Derby, the power cars having being constructed by BREL Crewe Works and the [[British Rail Mark 3]] passenger cars by BREL at Derby Litchurch Lane Works. The engine used in the prototype power cars was the Paxman 'Valenta' 12RP200L, which developed {{convert|2250|hp|kW}}. The electrical equipment was supplied by [[Brush Electrical Machines|Brush]]. The power cars had a main driver's position at one aerodynamically shaped end with the other flat and gangwayed end having only an auxiliary driving position for shunting purposes. |
|||
The two prototype power cars emerged from the works in June and August 1972 and were initially numbered [[British Rail Class 41 (HST)|41001 and 41002]], but after a short period the entire set, including the passenger coaches, became reclassified as a Diesel-electric multiple unit :[[British Rail Class 252]]. The power cars were given the coaching stock numbers 43000 and 43001. After proving trials on the Eastern Region the prototype High Speed Diesel Train (HSDT) was transferred to the Western Region where it was deployed on Paddington Bristol/Weston-super-Mare services. |
|||
The design was successful and led to production orders being placed for similar trains for the Western, Eastern, Scottish and London Midland Regions. The production power cars feature a redesigned front end without conventional buffers, although a rigid drawbar can be used to connect an HST to an ordinary locomotive. Following the introduction of production HST sets the prototype unit was withdrawn, the power cars passing to the Research Division at Derby. |
|||
The 197 power cars produced are numbered 43002-43198. 43001 was applied to the second of the two prototype power cars, while the first of the pair (now preserved at York) became 43000, which is unusual because BR [[TOPS]] classification numbered its locomotives from 001 upwards (this was because it was not, at the time, classified as a locomotive). |
|||
===Engines=== |
|||
British Rail experimented with [[Mirrlees Blackstone]] MB190 engines in four Western region examples (43167–43170) between 1987 and 1996, but this experiment was unsuccessful and the standard Paxman Valenta engines re-installed. These four locomotives have since all been re-engined with the MTU 16V4000 engine. 43167 is now 43367 and operates with National Express East Coast, whilst 43168-43170 are still in service, in the former Western region area under First Great Western. |
|||
During the late 1990s twenty-five HST power cars were re-engined with [[Paxman]] 12VP185L engines in order to improve fuel consumption and to reduced emissions, but these engine have proved less reliable in service than had been hoped. However the 12VP185L was introduced fleet-wide within the Australian [[XPT (Train)|XPT]] series. |
|||
===Hybrid trial=== |
|||
In 2007 [[Brush Traction]] and [[Hitachi, Ltd]] equipped Paxman Valenta powered 43089 and a semi-permanently coupled [[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]] coach with a diesel-battery [[Hybrid train|hybrid power system]] for trials to be undertaken with the power car running in [[Network Rail]]'s [[New Measurement Train]].<ref name="Hitachi43089">[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/05/4/hybrid-high-speed-train-unveiled.html Hybrid HST unveiled] ''[[Railway Gazette International]]''</ref> The power car was named "Hayabusa" ([[Japanese language|Japanese]] for falcon). A technical presentation can be seen here <ref>http://www.jbce.org/files/hitachipresentation.pdf</ref>. |
|||
===Life extension=== |
|||
The '''Class 43''', having been in operation since the late 1970s, is due for replacement by [[HST2]]. The development cycle for the replacement series is such that the existing fleet may be required to operate through to 2015 or beyond. |
|||
During 2005, two Class 43 power cars (43004 and 43009) operated by [[First Great Western]] were fitted with new [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] 16V 4000 engines before being tested in passenger operation on the Great Western Line. In December 2005, First announced that all of its power cars will receive the MTU engine. The MTU engine offers improvements over the existing [[Paxman (engines)|Paxman]] 12RP200 'Valenta' engines, with reduced smoke and exhaust emissions and improved reliability. |
|||
[[National Express East Coast]] is also currently re-engining its fleet with MTU engines, a process begun under its predecessor [[GNER]]. [[National Express East Coast|NXEC's]] fleet of re-engined power cars have been renumbered into the 432xx and 433xx series by adding 200 to the existing power car number. |
|||
[[East Midlands Trains]] has stated that it will install Paxman VP185 engines in all powercars before the end of its franchise. |
|||
==Operations== |
|||
{{Main|InterCity 125}} |
|||
When [[Crewe Works]] built them the [[InterCity 125]] units were considered to be [[diesel multiple unit]]s, and were allocated [[British Rail Class 253|Classes 253 and 254]] for Western and Eastern Region services respectively. The locomotives were introduced onto the Midland region later. |
|||
Until the HST's introduction, the maximum speed of British trains was limited to 100 mph (160 km/h). The increased speed, rapid acceleration and deceleration of the HST made it ideal for passenger use, and after deployment slashed journey times around the country. The prototype [[InterCity 125]] (power cars 43000 and 43001) set the [[Land speed record for railed vehicles|world record]] for diesel traction at 143 mph (230 km/h) on 12 June 1973. An HST also holds the world speed record for a diesel train carrying passengers. On 27 September 1985, a special press run for the launch of a new Tees-Tyne Pullman service from Newcastle to London King's Cross, formed of a shortened 2+5 set, briefly touched {{convert|144|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} north of [[York]]. |
|||
During 1987, eight HST power cars were converted for use as Driving Vehicles with [[British Rail Class 91|Class 91]] locomotives during trials on the East Coast Main Line. The power cars were fitted with buffers and [[Time-division multiplexing|Time Division Multiplex]] equipment that allowed them to directly control a Class 91, and were moved over to the ECML where they were used on workings with Class 89 and then Class 91 locomotives from London to Leeds. After the Mk 4 stock had been delivered, the '''HST''' power cars had the TDM equipment removed, and then reverted to their normal duties. The power cars used for this project can be easily identified as they are still fitted with buffers. They were then transferred to Cross Country services, and put in storage when Virgin replaced their HST fleet with [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]' s [[Bombardier Voyager family|''Voyager'']]. [[Grand Central Railway|Grand Central]] purchased six of these to operate services from [[Sunderland]] to [[London]]. |
|||
After the privatisation of British Rail the locomotives continued to be used, and as of 1st Jan 2009 all are still in service. |
|||
===Damaged, destroyed and preserved units=== |
|||
[[File:43139 "Driver Stan Martin 25 June 1950 - 6 November 2004" nameplate.jpg|thumb|right|On what would have been his 55th birthday, First Great Western named a power car after driver Stanley Martin, driver of the ill-fated Class 43 in the [[Ufton Nervet rail crash]]]] |
|||
Of the total of 197 production power cars three have been scrapped: |
|||
* '''43173''' - written off in the [[Southall rail crash|Southall crash]] of [[19 September]] [[1997]], being disposed of after completion of the enquiry into the accident. Cut up by [[Serco]] at [[Pig's Bay|MOD Shoeburyness]]. |
|||
* '''43011''' - written off in the [[Ladbroke Grove rail crash|Ladbroke Grove crash]] of [[5 October]] [[1999]], being disposed of after completion of the enquiry into the accident. Cut up by Sims Metals at Crewe Works in June 2002. |
|||
* '''43019''' - written off in the [[Ufton Nervet rail crash|Ufton Nervet level crossing collision]] of [[6 November]] [[2004]]. Cut up by Sims Metals of [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]] in July 2005. (Power car 43139 is dedicated to the driver, Stanley Martin, 54, of [[Torquay]], [[Devon]] who perished in the incident.) |
|||
Additionally, of the two prototype power cars, 43000 is now preserved at the [[National Railway Museum]] in [[York]], while 43001 was cut up by Booth Roe at [[Rotherham]] in December 1990. |
|||
== Replacements == |
|||
As of 2008, the youngest of the power cars is now 25 years old and a replacement for the High Speed Train is being sought. The project, known as the [[Intercity Express Programme]] (originally known as the HST2 Project), is being spearheaded by the [[Department for Transport]]. In March 2009 it was announced that a consortium headed by Hitachi would design and build the replacement trains, now known as Super Express Train, or SET. 3 models are proposed. An All-electric version, to replace the Intercity 225 fleet currently employed on the East Coast Main Line. An all-diesel version similar to the HST, and a Bi-Mode version with a Diesel Power car at one end and an electric locomotive at the other. |
|||
To a lesser extent the locomotives have been replaced by high speed DMU's such as the [[Bombardier Voyager family|''Voyager'']]s and the UK express version of [[Alstom]]'s [[Coradia (train)|''Coradia'']]. Increasing electrification has also displaced the locomotives from some routes. |
|||
== See also == |
|||
* [[InterCity 125]] - Two Class 43 power cars sandwiching a rake of Mark 3 coaching stock. |
|||
* [[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3 coaching stock]] - Sandwiched between two Class 43 power cars to form an InterCity 125 set. |
|||
* [[High Speed Train]] - History of High Speed rail transport in the UK in general. |
|||
* [[InterCity (British Rail)]] - General InterCity brand before privatisation of British Rail. |
|||
* [[XPT (Train)|XPT]] - Australian high speed train whose design was derived from the Class 43 |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
== External links == |
|||
{{commonscat|British Rail Class 43}} |
|||
* [http://www.125group.org.uk/ The 125 Group] |
|||
* [http://www.traintesting.com/HST_prototype.htm Testing the prototype HST] |
|||
* [http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20TRC%20Main%20Pages/MTU%20Class%2043s.html The Railway Centre] |
|||
{{British Rail Locomotives}} |
|||
[[Category:British Rail diesel locomotives|43 2]] |
|||
[[Category:BREL locomotives]] |
|||
[[Category:Bo-Bo locomotives]] |
|||
[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units]] |
|||
[[Category:High-speed trains]] |
|||
[[pl:British Rail Class 43]] |
|||
[[simple:British Rail Class 43 (HST)]] |
|||
Revision as of 20:55, 29 June 2009
You killed the val oh my god help the class 43 HST