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Bhawanipatna

Coordinates: 19°54′36″N 83°07′41″E / 19.91°N 83.128°E / 19.91; 83.128
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Bhawanipatna
Town
Bhawanipatna clockwise from top left: Doordarshan Tower, Phurlijharan, Durga Mandap (Big Ben of Bhawanipatna), Manikeswari Mandir, Bhawanipatna Railway Station, Bhawanipatna Bus Stand
Bhawanipatna clockwise from top left: Doordarshan Tower, Phurlijharan, Durga Mandap (Big Ben of Bhawanipatna), Manikeswari Mandir, Bhawanipatna Railway Station, Bhawanipatna Bus Stand
Nickname: 
ଭବାନୀପାଟଣା
Bhawanipatna is located in Odisha
Bhawanipatna
Bhawanipatna
Bhawanipatna is located in India
Bhawanipatna
Bhawanipatna
Coordinates: 19°54′36″N 83°07′41″E / 19.91°N 83.128°E / 19.91; 83.128
Country India
State Odisha
DivisionSouthern
DistrictKalahandi
Named forBhabani Sankar
Government
 • TypeMunicipality (Pourapalika)
 • BodyBhawanipatna Municipality
 • ChairpersonSanjukta Behera
 • Executive OfficerDr. Satyasamparna Raut, OAS(JB)
Elevation
248 m (814 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
69,045
DemonymBhawanipatna
Languages
 • OfficialOdia
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
766001, 766002
Telephone code06670
Vehicle registrationOD-08
UN/LOCODEIN BBIP
Websitekalahandi.odisha.gov.in

Bhawanipatna is a city and the headquarter of Kalahandi district in the state of Odisha, India. Bhawanipatna has numerous Hindu temples dedicated to different deities. It is named after the presiding deity, Bhabani-Sankar, and Patana, which means "place" in Odia.

Bhawanipatna municipality is the administrative head of the town, which is divided into twenty wards with different sub-areas called para (pronounced "padaa/ପଡ଼ା"). Bhawanipatna has more than forty padaas. Originally, these padaas were inhabited by people of different communities, but over the last few decades, they have become homogeneous.

Geography and climate

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Bhawanipatna is located at 19°54′N 83°10′E / 19.9°N 83.17°E / 19.9; 83.17.[1] It has an average elevation of 248 m (814 ft). It is located in the center of large mountains and plateaus, with the mountainous Eastern Ghats in its eastern frontier.

Climate

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Bhawanipatna has a tropical wet and dry climate, and temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, except March–June, which can be extremely hot. The temperature in April–May sometimes rises above 48 °C (118 °F). The summer months have dry and hot winds, and the temperature can go up to 50 °C (122 °F). The city receives about 1,300 millimetres (51 in) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lows can fall to 5 °C (41 °F).

Climate data for Bhawanipatna (1991–2020, extremes 1968–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.5
(95.9) 		39.5
(103.1) 		42.5
(108.5) 		45.9
(114.6) 		47.8
(118.0) 		48.3
(118.9) 		39.5
(103.1) 		37.7
(99.9) 		35.7
(96.3) 		36.0
(96.8) 		34.9
(94.8) 		34.5
(94.1) 		48.3
(118.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.6
(83.5) 		32.4
(90.3) 		35.7
(96.3) 		39.7
(103.5) 		41.5
(106.7) 		36.8
(98.2) 		31.0
(87.8) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.8
(89.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		33.1
(91.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0) 		13.8
(56.8) 		19.2
(66.6) 		24.4
(75.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.2
(59.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		20.5
(68.9)
Record low °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		14.5
(58.1) 		14.0
(57.2) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.4
(45.3) 		5.2
(41.4) 		4.5
(40.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 7.5
(0.30) 		11.6
(0.46) 		17.8
(0.70) 		15.7
(0.62) 		48.8
(1.92) 		142.1
(5.59) 		358.2
(14.10) 		319.5
(12.58) 		248.1
(9.77) 		76.0
(2.99) 		5.7
(0.22) 		11.6
(0.46) 		1,262.7
(49.71)
Average rainy days 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.8 7.0 14.4 13.9 11.0 4.7 0.6 0.7 59.7
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 48 45 37 35 35 51 74 78 77 68 59 53 55
Source: India Meteorological Department[2][3][4]

Demographics

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As of the 2011 India census,[5] Bhabanipatna had a population of 69,045. The population of children 6 years old or under was 7,407, which was 10.73% of the total population. In Bhabanipatna Municipality, the female gender ratio is 945 against the state average of 979. Moreover, the child gender ratio in Bhabanipatna is around 911, compared to the Odisha state average of 941.

The literacy rate of Bhabanipatna town is 85.00%, higher than the state average of 72.87%. In Bhabanipatna, male literacy is 90.95%, while female literacy rate is 78.72%, according to the 2011 census.

Out of the total population, 23,705 were engaged in work or business activity; of this, 18,666 were males while 5,039 were females. In the census survey, a worker is defined as a person who engages in business, a job, service, cultivation, or other labour activities. Of a total working population of 23,705, 84.55% were engaged in main work while 15.45% of total workers were engaged in marginal work.[clarification needed]

Language

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The languages spoken by the people of Kalahandi are the Kalahandia and Sambalpuri dialects of Odia, locally known as Kalahandi. Local weekly newspapers such as Arjji and Kalahandi Express publish articles in standard Odia and Kalahandi languages. Other languages include Kui, Bhatri (another dialect of Odia), Parji, and Bhunjia, spoken by approximately 7,000 Bhunjia Adibasis.

Politics

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The current MLA from Bhabanipatna Assembly Constituency is SAGAR CHARAN DAS of CONGRESS , who won the seat in the State Legislative election of 2024.[6]

Member of the Legislative Assembly Party Year Elected
Pradipta Kumar Naik[6] BJP 2019
Anam Naik Biju Janata Dal 2014
Dusmanta Kumar Naik INC 2009
Pradipta Kumar Naik BJP 1995, 2000, 2004
Ajit Das JD 1990
Bhaktacharan Das JNP 1985
Dayanidhi Naik[7] INC(I) 1980
Dayanidhi Naik[7] INC 1977

Bhabanipatna is part of the Kalahandi constituency,[8] currently held by Basanta Kumar Panda,[9] and before that by Arka Keshari Deo, who was the grandson of Maharaj Pratap Kesari Deo of Kalahandi.[10]

Tourism

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There are two Manikeshwari Temples located in the Kalahandi district of Odisha: one in the center of Bhawanipatna and the other in Thuamal Rampur. The main deity at this temple is Goddess Manikeshwari. The main devotees are from the fisherman community. During the Dussehra festival, an animal sacrifice is offered at this temple during Chatar Jatra, a festival where thousands of people gather in the city to get blessings from their beloved goddess. A film is also documented showing the ritual of animal sacrifice before Goddess Manikeshwari.

Phurlijharan waterfall

Phurlijharan is a perennial waterfall about 30 ft (9 m) in height. Evergreen forests around the fall provide ample opportunities to group picnickers. Rabandara is another perennial waterfall, about 13 ft (4 m) in height. Other waterfalls within the region include Sospadar Waterfall and Gadagada Twin-Waterfall.

Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary (Odia: କର୍ଲାପାଟ୍; Hindi: कर्लापाट्) is located in Kalahandi district and is a popular tourist attraction in Odisha. The 255 km2 (98 sq mi) sanctuary lies within the Eastern Highlands' moist deciduous forests ecoregion; major plant communities include mixed deciduous forests and scrublands. The sanctuary is home to many wildlife species like tiger, leopard, gaur, sambar, nilgai, barking deer, mouse deer, and a wide variety of birds and reptiles. It also has high mineral deposits like bauxite and manganese.

Jakham has a wooden guest house.[further explanation needed]

Zilla Sangrahalaya Bhawanipatna (the District Museum) depicts the ancient history of the Kalahandi Region, and has artefacts, manuscripts, paintings, and rare historic items like Asurgarh coins and Gudahandi paintings.

Permunji is a nursery situated at the foot of the great mountain, a place for picnics. Elephants are commonly seen near the nursery crossing roads.

Hello Point is a picnic spot and valley viewpoint at the top of the Eastern Ghats from which half of the Kalahandi district is visible, including Junagarh and Kalampur block. The name comes from the fact that one can receive a signal from all mobile telecom services.

  • Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary
    Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Statue Square (1950s)
    Statue Square (1950s)
  • Chhattar Jatra (rally) of Goddess Manikeswarin (2009)
    Chhattar Jatra (rally) of Goddess Manikeswarin (2009)
  • Ghumura Dance in the Chhattar Jatra
    Ghumura Dance in the Chhattar Jatra
  • Bhawanipatna aerial view
    Bhawanipatna aerial view
Panoramic valley view from Hello Point
Panoramic valley view from Hello Point

Media and broadcasting

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Doordarshan Kendra (DD-6)

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Doordarshan Kendra (DD-6)[clarification needed] started as Low Power Transmission on 15 February 1987, and was upgraded to High Power Transmission (HPT) on 20 January 1992. This 10 kW-capacity station is one of the three Doordarshan Kendras in the state of Odisha, the others being Sambalpur and Bhubaneshwar. The studio was started on 3 September 2002.

In 2004, the station started broadcasting agriculture-related programmes sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and simultaneously began broadcasting agriculture programmes in different HPT centres of the KBK region. It also has produced entertainment and awareness-building programmes, as well as programmes that promote tribal heritage, culture, and drama. From 2005 to 2009, the centre earned ten national awards and five nominee prizes for the programmes it produced.

All India Radio (Akashwani Bhawanipatna 103 FM)

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All India Radio (Akashwani Bhawanipatna) started on 30 December 1993 near Naktiguda, on outskirts of the city. It has two 100 kW transmitters in Belamal near Pastikudi. Its transmission frequency is 1206 kHz (248 MTs). It has two studios.

The station has produced original programmes on topics targeted to various audiences, including rural, women and children, youth and senior citizens, light and classical music, and film music. The broadcasting of programmes is done in Odia, Hindi, and English languages, and covers a population of approximately 18,66,000 Lakh from Kalahandi, Nuapada, and nearby districts. Recently,[as of?] FM services have been started at AIR station at a frequency of 103 MHz.

The station is not only popular in its primary zone (Kalahandi District and Naupada District), but also has audiences from the districts of Bolangir, Sonepur, Phulbani, Bargarh, Nawrangpur, and Rayagara districts of Odisha, and Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh. Moreover, this station serves the districts coming under the capital KBK scheme of the Government of India.

Others

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  • My Channel (Local Media Group) – digital cable TV and WiMax provider
  • Ortel Cable and Broadband Service – digital cable TV and broadband provider
  • EM Digital

Festivals

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The Hindu festival of Durga Puja (or Dasara) is celebrated all over India, but is very popular in eastern India, including in Odisha, West Bengal, and Assam. Most of the major festivals like Chhatar Jatra, Kkandabasha, and Budharaja Jatra, are celebrated during Dasara. The major goddesses of Kalahandi—including Manikeswari, Lankeswari, Denteswari, Khameswari, and Bhandargharen—are seen as a reflection of the goddess Durga, locally known as Shaki ('Energy') and stemming from tribal traditions.

Nuakhai is typically a local festival prevalent in western Odisha, including Kalahandi. It is inspired by the harvesting of new crops and historically came from tribes. There are many kinds of Nuakhai according to tribal culture, out of which Dhan ('rice') Nuakhai is most popularly celebrated. Now, everybody (irrespective of caste, creed, and religion) celebrates it.

The Chatar Jatra of Goddess Manikeswari of Bhawanipatna is a popular ceremony held in October.

Diel (or Deepawali; also popularly known as Diwali) is celebrated in Kalahandi. It is getting popular due to the immigrant businesses mainly from the Marwadi community.[clarification needed]

Kalahandi Utsav "Ghumura"[clarification needed] is hosted in Lal Bahadur Shastri stadium.

Markets

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There are several market areas in the city. The biggest is Laxmi Bajar (or 'main market') at the core of the city. Most of the garment showrooms, costumes, jewelry, grocery, and fancy shops are found here. Fruits and vegetables are sold in the inner area of the market mainly near Laxmi Mandir.

Hatpada (or 'weekly market') is a bi-weekly market that takes place on Tuesday and Saturday near Gandhi Pramod Udyaan (park). Traders from different areas come to sell their goods including vegetables and grocery items; masala and spices; metal products, tools, and utensils; and animals, milk products, and meat.

Mach Bazaar is located near Ghodaghat bridge, and is where different types of fish and prawns are sold.

Naktiguda Haat is a small Bajar located on NH-26, mainly known for grocery and vegetable items.

Sports

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  1. Lal Bahadur Sashtri Stadium is the biggest stadium in Odisha according to the total field area. It is near the Bhawani Talkies, an old cinema hall. The stadium has held various matches including the Ranji Trophy and the Kalahandi Cup. It is maintained by Kalahandi District Athletic Association. Various sports and athletic training are conducted including cricket, football, karate. There are also several tennis courts in the stadium.
  2. Indoor Stadium (Badminton court) is present near the LBS Stadium.
  3. The Reserve Police Stadium is the home ground of the Odisha Police.
  4. The Govt. Autonomous College Field is one of the largest field in Bhawanipatana.
  5. D.I.E.T. Field is one of the biggest grounds available in the city used for club cricket, volleyball, and football games.

Entertainment

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Cinema

  • Bhawani Talkies was the oldest cinema hall in the city, near L.B.S. Stadium with UFO technology. (now closed)[as of?]
  • Satyam Cinema is the biggest cinema hall in the city with UFO technology and Dolby Digital sound.
  • New Star Cineplex is the largest multiplex of southwestern Odisha (KBK-South Odisha) with four screens (#3D technology). It is situated near OMFED plant, SH-16 Raipur road, Bhangabari, Bhawanipatna.
  • Bhagirathi Mall, Second Mall & Multiplex in Bhawanipatna. Multiplex-4 Screen 3D, shopping mall is situated near Satsang Bihar, NH-26 Junagarh Road, Bhawanipatna.

Parks and gardens

  • Bhagirathi Park – near Shirdi Sai Mandir on SH-44
  • Gandhi Pramod Udyaan – near Statue Square
  • Ecological Park – one of the oldest parks; on the outskirt of the city on NH-26

Education

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Technical/Professional institutions

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  1. College of Agriculture, Bhawanipatna
  2. Government College of Engineering, Kalahandi Bhawanipatna
  3. Government Polytechnic College Bhawanipatna
  4. College of Teacher Education, Bhawanipatna
  5. Saheed Rando Majhi Medical College and Hospital, Bhawanipatna

University

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  1. Kalahandi University, Bhawanipatna [11]

General degree colleges

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  1. Binayak Residential college, Bhawanipatna
  2. Government Women's College Bhawanipatna
  3. Jayaprakash Sandhya Mahavidyalaya, Bhawanipatna
  4. Pragati Degree College, Bhawanipatna
  5. Saraswati Degree College, Bhawanipatna
  6. Sastriji Science College, Bhawanipatna

Schools

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  1. Kendriya Vidyalaya Bhawanipatna
  2. Hi-Tech Public School Bhawanipatna
  3. Citizens' Model English Medium Academy, Bhawanipatna
  4. B.M. High School
  5. Municipal Govt.High School
  6. Delhi Public Kids & Primary School, Bhawanipatna
  7. Vimala Convent School
  8. Manikeshwari High School
  9. Saraswati Sishu Vidya Mandir
  10. Satya Sai Vidya Mandir
  11. Shastriji model school (English Medium)
  12. Shastriji Siksha Niketan (Odia Medium)

Computer institutions

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  1. NICE (National Institute of Computer Education)

Health care

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Bhawanipatna has a medical college, several hospitals, and ambulance services, all of which provide good health care services in the city.

Hospitals

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The District Headquarter Hospital is the main backbone for the health services in the city and whole district. The hospital has many wards for different kinds of patients, including a radiation therapy and regional diagnostic centre, and a blood bank. Currently, a new 6-storey hospital building is under construction.[as of?]

The Sardar Rajas Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (SRMCH) is located 17 km (11 mi) away from Bhawanipatna on NH-26, was the only medical college in KBK region. It was established in 2009 with support from WODC and the government of Odisha for conducting undergraduate medical courses. It was a self-financing medical institution with 100 seats, but is now abandoned. The case is currently going on by the medical students against Sylvian Trust at Odisha High Court.[further explanation needed]

The Maa Manikeswari Multispeciality Hospital (previously known as Life Worth Hospital) was established in 2004 in Bhawanipatna near Ghodaghat Chowk (SH-16). It was previously a branch of the Life Worth Super Specialty Hospital in Raipur. It has all the necessary facilities required during an emergency.

Recently, the state government announced a government medical college in Kalahandi. The state government signed with Vedanta Group to build Kalahandi Medical College & Hospital, a medical college and 500-bed hospital at Bhangabari near Bhawanipatna. Forty acres of land behind Bhawanipatna Ring Road has been handed over to the State Health Department for infrastructure. It is adjacent to SH-16 (Proposed NH). A MoU has been signed by the state government and Vedanta Group and land acquisition is complete.[when?]

The Police Hospital is situated in Armed Reserve police campus near College Chowk, Bhawanipatna.

Nursing Homes

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  • Balaji Nursing Home – near Balaji Mandir, Pardeshi Para, Bhawanipatna
  • Surakhya Nursing Home – near Red Cross Kalyan Mandap, Bhawanipatna
  • Jagannath Netralaya Eye Hospital – near Balaji Mandir, Pardeshi Para, Bhawanipatna

Transport

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Air

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Utkela Airstrip (VEUK) is present near the city (22 km, 14 mi) which was scheduled to be operational in August 2023 with daily flights to the state capital Bhubaneshwar by private air service provider Air Odisha under UDAN scheme by Ministry of Civil Aviation.[12]

Lanjigarh Airstrip (58 km, 36 mi) is private airstrip conducting VIP and chartered planes. Other nearby airports are Swami Vivekananda Airport at Raipur, Chhattisgarh (262 km (163 mi) away), and Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar (427 km away by road and 631 km by rail).

Rail

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Main article: Bhawanipatna railway station

Bhawanipatna railway station was inaugurated on 12 August 2012.[13][14] It is situated on the Lanjigarh–Junagarh rail line. Currently there are 3 trains (1 express and 2 passenger) running from Bhawanipatna to Bhubanneshwar, Raipur, and Sambalpur. Kesinga Railway station is connected to many major Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Surat.

Road

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Highways connecting Bhawanipatna to various cities include:

Bhawanipatna Bus Stand is one of the biggest bus stands in Odisha, and is on NH-26. Both private and government buses are available from here.

Bhawanipatna is home to a division of Odisha State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC), which runs government buses from Bhawanipatna to Bhubaneshwar, Vishakhapatnam, Sambalpur, Berhampur, Cuttack, and Jeypore. Private buses (A/C sleeper coaches) provide transportation facilities to nearby cities in Odisha such as Raipur and Durg. Newly added taxi facility and auto facility (including Biju Gaon Gadi) service throughout Bhawanipatna and nearby villages.

  • Hill Town Road (SH-44)
    Hill Town Road (SH-44)
  • Statue Square, Bhawanipatna
    Statue Square, Bhawanipatna
  • College Square, Bhawanipatna
    College Square, Bhawanipatna

Power and transmission

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There is a 132/33 kV grid station near OMFED diary on SH-16. Power to this grid comes directly from the Therubali grid. Power transmission and maintenance are done by Grid Corporation of Odisha.

There is also a sub-station in Naktiguda, Bhawanipatna. It is maintained by Western Electricity Supply Company of Odisha.

Notable people

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  • Rendo Majhi – A freedom fighter in Odisha, who started the Kondha Revolution against the British in 1853.[15]
  • Sujeet Kumar (politician) – Rajya Sabha Member, policy maker.
  • Bhubaneswar Behera – Engineer, academic, administrator, and author.[16]
  • Ram Chandra Patra, IAS (retd.) (1919-2013) – Bureaucrat, social worker, and administrator acknowledged for his simplicity and administration, and for taking initiative in the Indravati project.[17][18] He was the first IAS from Kalahandi.
  • Kishan Patnaik – Socialist leader.[19][20] He was born in 1930 into a lower-middle-class family in Kalahandi. Mr Patnaik worked in the youth wing of Samajabadi Jubajan Sabha and soon rose to become its national president. He was elected to Lok Sabha from Sambalpur at the age of 32 and was one of handful members who turned the Lok Sabha into a real forum to discuss matters of national importance. He was perhaps the first person to bring the issue of starvation death in Kalahandi to the Indian parliament. Mr. Patnaik never lost sight of this fundamental plight of rural India, and securing the right to livelihood for the people on the margin therefore always remained central to his politics and to his vision of development.[21]

References

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  1. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bhawanipatna
  2. ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Station: Bhawanipatna Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 131–132. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  4. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M160. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  5. ^ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Bhawanipatna Legislative Assembly Election Result 2019 Election". newstrend.news. Newstrend. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  7. ^ a b "State Elections 2004 - Partywise Comparison for 99-Bhawanipatna Constituency of Odisha". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 September 2008.[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ "Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Odisha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
  9. ^ "Kalahandi Election Result 2019: BJP candidate Basanta Kumar Panda wins as BJD loses".
  10. ^ "Kalahandi | Odisha Lok Sabha Constituency Elections Results 2009 Kalahandi | Odisha MP Elections Results Kalahandi 2009 | Candidate of Kalahandi Lok Sabha". indiaelections.co.in. 2012. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2012. Updated Election Results Details of Kalahandi
  11. ^ "UGC Grants Recognition to Kalahandi University Odisha".
  12. ^ Phadnis, Ashwini (15 January 2018). "Regional connectivity gets wings; five airlines get to fly 128 routes". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  13. ^ "Bhawanipatna railway station opens". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  14. ^ "East Coast Railway". Eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  15. ^ D.K. Joshi, S. Mund, M.P.Mishra, The Kandha Revolution in Kalahandi, Orissa Review, Aug 2007
  16. ^ Sambit Misra (25 April 2001). "Professor Bhubaneswar Behera". Odiya.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  17. ^ Samabad, 2000
  18. ^ Keun Mahatabanak Pain, Gana nath Das, The Prajatantra, 2 January 1988
  19. ^ "Obituary". Cpiml.org. 8 October 2004. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  20. ^ "Socialist leader Kishan Patnaik dead - Deccan Herald". Archive.deccanherald.com. 27 September 2004. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  21. ^ "Kishan Patnaik remembered". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 September 2004. Archived from the original on 24 November 2004.
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