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The band also contributed two songs, 'Piazza New York Catcher' and 'Expectations,' to the soundtrack of the movie ''[[Juno]]'', appearing alongside [[Antsy Pants]], [[The Moldy Peaches]], [[Kimya Dawson]], [[Cat Power]], [[Mott the Hoople]], and others.
The band also contributed two songs, 'Piazza New York Catcher' and 'Expectations,' to the soundtrack of the movie ''[[Juno]]'', appearing alongside [[Antsy Pants]], [[The Moldy Peaches]], [[Kimya Dawson]], [[Cat Power]], [[Mott the Hoople]], and others.


In May 2010, the band stated on their website that they were "back in the studio working on some new songs" and later revealed that they were "in the final stages of recording the [new] album". <ref>http://www.belleandsebastian.com/newsstory.php?id=484</ref>
In May 2010, the band stated on their website that they were "back in the studio working on some new songs" and later revealed that they were "in the final stages of recording the [new] album". <ref>http://www.belleandsebastian.com/newsstory.php?id=484</ref> It later emerged that the album due out in September 2010 is a collaboration with fellow Glaswegian performer Chris Marshall and rumours persist this could be Belle and Sebastian's first theme album with sources suggesting Partick Thistle Football Club as the main theme.


==Members==
==Members==

Revision as of 12:38, 6 July 2010

Belle and Sebastian

Belle and Sebastian are an indie pop band formed in Glasgow in January 1996. Belle and Sebastian are often compared to influential indie bands such as The Smiths,[2][3] as well as classic acts such as Love, Bob Dylan and Nick Drake.[4][5] The name Belle & Sebastian is inspired by Belle et Sébastien, a children's book by French writer Cécile Aubry.[5][6] Lauded by critics, Belle & Sebastian's "wistful pop"[7] has nevertheless enjoyed only limited commercial success.[8][9]

After releasing a number of albums and EPs on Jeepster Records, they are now signed to Rough Trade Records in the United Kingdom and Matador Records in the United States.

History

Formation and early years (1996–1997)

Belle and Sebastian were formed in Glasgow in 1996 by Stuart Murdoch and Stuart David.[4] Together they recorded some demos with Stow College music professor Pilar Duplack, which were picked up by the college's Music Business course that produces and releases one single each year on the college's label, Electric Honey. As the band had a number of songs already and the label were extremely impressed with the demos, Belle and Sebastian were allowed to record a full-length album, which was named Tigermilk. Murdoch once described the band as a "product of botched capitalism".[4]

Stuart Murdoch performing in 2006

Tigermilk was recorded in three days and originally only one thousand copies were pressed on vinyl.[5] These original copies now sell for up to £400.[10][11][12] The warm reception the album received inspired Murdoch and David to turn the band into a full-time project, recruiting Stevie Jackson (guitar and vocals), Isobel Campbell (cello/vocals), Chris Geddes (keys) and Richard Colburn (drums) to fill out the group.

After the success of the debut album, Belle and Sebastian were signed to Jeepster Records in August 1996 and If You're Feeling Sinister, their second album, was released on 18 November.[12] The album was named by Spin as one of the 100 greatest albums between 1985 and 2005,[13] and is widely considered the band's masterpiece.[14] Just before the recording of Sinister, Sarah Martin (violin/vocals) joined the band. Following this a series of EPs were released in 1997.[15] The first of these was Dog on Wheels, which contained four demo tracks recorded before the real formation of the band. In fact, the only long-term band members to play on the songs were Murdoch, David, and Mick Cooke, who played trumpet on the EP but would not officially join the band until a few years later. It charted at #59 in the UK singles chart.[12]

The Lazy Line Painter Jane EP followed in July. The track was recorded in the church where Murdoch lived[16] and features vocals from Monica Queen. The EP narrowly missed out of the UK top 40, peaking at #41.[12] The last of the 1997 EPs was October's 3.. 6.. 9 Seconds of Light. The EP was made Single of the Week in both the NME and Melody Maker and reached #32 in the charts, thus becoming the band's first top 40 single.[12]

The Boy With the Arab Strap and critical acclaim (1998–2002)

The band released their third LP, The Boy with the Arab Strap in 1998, and it reached #12 in the UK charts.[18] While often cited by critics as the band's best album, Arab Strap has nonetheless had its detractors.[19] Pitchfork Media gave the album a particularly poor review, calling it a "parody" of their earlier work.[20] In spite of this, the album garnered positive reviews from Rolling Stone,[21] and the Village Voice,[16] among others. During the recording of the album long time studio trumpet-player Mick Cooke was asked to join the band as a full member.[10] The This Is Just a Modern Rock Song EP followed later that year.[22]

In 1999 the band were shockingly awarded with Best Newcomer (for their third album) at the BRIT Awards, upsetting the much better known acts Steps and 5ive.[23] That same year, the band hosted their own festival, the Bowlie Weekender. Tigermilk was also given a full release by Jeepster before the band started work on their next LP. The result was Fold Your Hands Child, You Walk Like a Peasant, which became the band's first top 10 album in the UK.[12] A stand-alone single, "Legal Man", reached #15 and gave them their first appearance on Top of the Pops.[24]

File:Bellesebastian.jpg
Belle & Sebastian performing at the 9:30 Club in Washington, D.C.

As the band's popularity and recognition was growing worldwide, their music began appearing in films and on television. The 2000 film High Fidelity mentions the band and features a clip from the song "Seymour Stein" from The Boy with the Arab Strap.[25] Also, the title track from Arab Strap was played over the end credits of the UK television series Teachers.[26]

Stuart David soon left the band to concentrate on his side-project, Looper, and his book writing, which included his The Idle Thoughts of a Daydreamer.[27] He was replaced by Bobby Kildea of V-Twin. The "Jonathan David" single — sung by Stevie Jackson — was released in June 2001 and was followed by "I'm Waking Up to Us" in November. "I'm Waking Up to Us" saw the band use an outside producer (Mike Hurst) for the first time.[1] Most of 2002 was spent touring and recording a soundtrack album, Storytelling (for Storytelling by Todd Solondz), a movie which the New York Times has called one of the best 1,000 movies ever made.[28] Campbell left the band in spring of 2002, in the middle of the band's North American tour.[29][30]

Recent years (2003–present)

The band left Jeepster in 2002, signing a four album deal with Rough Trade Records.[31] Their first album for Rough Trade, Dear Catastrophe Waitress, was released in 2003, and was produced by Trevor Horn.[32] The album showed a markedly more 'produced' sound compared to their first four LPs,[33] as the band was making a concerted effort to produce more "radio-friendly" music.[32] In spite of this, the album was warmly received, and is credited with returning the band's "indie cred".[5] The album also marked the return of Murdoch as the group's primary songwriter following the poorly-received Fold Your Hands Child, You Walk Like a Peasant and Storytelling, both of which were more collaborative than the band's early work.[34] A documentary DVD, Fans Only, was released by Jeepster in October 2003, featuring promotional videos, live clips and unreleased footage.[14] A single from the album, "Step into My Office, Baby" followed in November 2003 — it would be their first single taken from an album.[31]

Bobby Kildea performing at the Nokia Theatre Times Square

The Thin Lizzy-inspired "I'm a Cuckoo" was the second single from the album.[33][35] It achieved their highest chart position yet, reaching #14 in the UK.[30] The Books EP followed, a double A-side single lead by "Wrapped Up in Books" from Dear Catastrophe Waitress and the new Your Cover's Blown. This EP became the band's third top 20 UK release and the band went on to be nominated for both the Mercury Music Prize and an Ivor Novello Award. In January 2005, B&S was voted Scotland's greatest band in a poll by The List, beating Simple Minds, Idlewild, Travis, Franz Ferdinand, and The Proclaimers, among others.[36]

In April 2005, members of the band visited Israel and the Palestinian territories with the UK charity War on Want;[37] the group subsequently recorded a song inspired by the trip titled "The Eighth Station of the Cross Kebab House", which would later be released as a B-side on 2006's "Funny Little Frog" single. Push Barman to Open Old Wounds, a compilation of the Jeepster singles and EPs, was released in May 2005 while the band were recording their seventh album in California. The result of the sessions was The Life Pursuit, produced by Tony Hoffer.[37][38] The album, originally intended to be a double album,[39] became their band's highest charting release to date upon its release in February 2006, peaking at #8 in the UK and #65 on the US Billboard 200.[40][41] "Funny Little Frog", which preceded it, also proved to be their highest charting single, debuting at #13.[14]

Stevie Jackson

On 6 July 2006, the band played a historic show with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl.[42] The opening act at the 18,000 seat sell-out concert was The Shins.[43] The members of the band see this as a landmark event, with Stevie Jackson saying, "This is the biggest thrill of my entire life".[44] In October 2006, members of the band helped put together a CD collection of new songs for children titled Colours Are Brighter, with the involvement of major bands such as Franz Ferdinand and The Flaming Lips.[45]

On 18 November 2008 the band released The BBC Sessions, which features songs from the period of 1996-2001 (including the last recordings featuring Isobel Campbell before she left the band), along with a second disc featuring a recording of a live performance from Christmas 2001.[46]

During the downtime, Murdoch has initiated the film and music project God Help the Girl,[47] while Jackson and Kildea have toured with the reformed Vaselines.

In December 2010 Belle & Sebastian will curate the sequel to the Bowlie Weekender in the form of Bowlie 2 presented by All Tomorrow's Parties.

The band also contributed two songs, 'Piazza New York Catcher' and 'Expectations,' to the soundtrack of the movie Juno, appearing alongside Antsy Pants, The Moldy Peaches, Kimya Dawson, Cat Power, Mott the Hoople, and others.

In May 2010, the band stated on their website that they were "back in the studio working on some new songs" and later revealed that they were "in the final stages of recording the [new] album". [48] It later emerged that the album due out in September 2010 is a collaboration with fellow Glaswegian performer Chris Marshall and rumours persist this could be Belle and Sebastian's first theme album with sources suggesting Partick Thistle Football Club as the main theme.

Members

The current members are:

Past members:

Discography

Studio albums

Year Details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales thresholds)
UK
[49]
AUS
[50]
AUT
[51]
CHE
[52]
FIN
[53]
FRA
[54]
GER
[55]
IRE
[56]
NED
[57]
NOR
[58]
SPA
[59]
SWE
[60]
US
[61]
1996 Tigermilk 13 68 20 15
If You're Feeling Sinister
  • Released: 18 November 1996
  • Label: Jeepster, Matador
191
[62]
23
1998 The Boy with the Arab Strap
  • Released: 7 September 1998
  • Label: Jeepster, Matador
12 39 7 30
2000 Fold Your Hands Child,
You Walk Like a Peasant
  • Released: 6 June 2000
  • Label: Jeepster
10 54 52 25 17 11 80
2002 Storytelling
  • Released: 3 June 2002
  • Label: Jeepster
26 55 99 42 32 29 150
2003 Dear Catastrophe Waitress 21 76 64 25 58 10 16 84
2006 The Life Pursuit
  • Released: 6 February 2006
  • Label: Rough Trade
8 45 56 56 25 72 35 23 32 16 46 20 65

1 Originally given a limited release (1,000 copies) by Electric Honey, the album was subsequently re-released in 1999 by Jeepster Records, where it managed to chart.

Compilation albums

Year Details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales thresholds)
UK
[49]
AUS
[50]
AUT
[51]
CHE
[52]
FIN
[53]
FRA
[54]
GER
[55]
IRE
[56]
NED
[57]
NOR
[58]
SPA
[59]
SWE
[60]
US
[61]
2000 Lazy Line Painter Jane (boxset) 122
[62]
2005 Push Barman to Open Old Wounds
  • Released: 24 May 2005
  • Label: Jeepster, Matador
40 40 94 59
2006 Late Night Tales
  • Released: 27 February 2006
  • Label: Azuli
2008 The BBC Sessions
  • Released: 18 November 2008
  • Label: Jeepster, Matador
88 126
[64]

Live albums

Year Details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales thresholds)
UK
[49]
AUS
[50]
AUT
[51]
CHE
[52]
FIN
[53]
FRA
[54]
GER
[55]
IRE
[56]
NED
[57]
NOR
[58]
SPA
[59]
SWE
[60]
US
[61]
2005 If You're Feeling Sinister:
Live at the Barbican

Promotional albums

Singles and EPs

Year Title Peak chart positions Album
UK
[49]
AUS
[50]
CAN
[65]
EUR
[66]
IRE
[56]
NED
[57]
NOR
[58]
SWE
[60]
1997 Dog on Wheels 59 Non-album EPs
Lazy Line Painter Jane 41
3.. 6.. 9 Seconds of Light 32
1998 This Is Just a Modern Rock Song 1 45
2000 "Legal Man" 15 4 50 10 46 Non-album singles
2001 "Jonathan David" 31 9 46
"I'm Waking Up to Us" 39 50
2003 "Step into My Office, Baby" 32 80 Dear Catastrophe Waitress
2004 "I'm a Cuckoo" 14 59
Books 20 46
2006 "Casaco Marron" Late Night Tales: Belle & Sebastian
"Funny Little Frog" 13 32 The Life Pursuit
"The Blues Are Still Blue" 25 43 81
"White Collar Boy" 45
2008 Introducing... Belle & Sebastian Non-album single

1 Charted at number 1 on the UK Indie Chart.[62]

Miscellaneous songs

DVDs

Books

  • Belle & Sebastian: Just a Modern Rock Story by Paul Whitelaw (biography of band featuring contributions from all members, past and present, with a cover designed by Stuart Murdoch), 2005
  • Put the Book Back on the Shelf: A Belle and Sebastian Anthology (compilation of comics based on individual B&S songs), 2006
  • If You're Feeling Sinister by Scott Plagenhoef (part of the 33 1/3 series of books)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Sturges, Fiona (2001-11-30), Pop: Scots of the arch antics, The Independent, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ Cassidy, Jude (1999), The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides, p. 358, ISBN 1843531054
  3. ^ Metcalf, Stephen (2001-04-01), MUSIC; With the Auteur Passé, Rock Gets Impersonal, New York Times, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ a b c Taylor, Steve (2004), The A to X of Alternative Music, Continuum International Publishing Group, pp. 30–31, ISBN 0826482171
  5. ^ a b c d Strong, Martin Charles (2004), The Great Rock Discography: Complete Discographies Listing Every Track Recorded By More Than 1200 Artists, Canongate U.S., p. 122, ISBN 1841956155
  6. ^ Wilson, Dave (2005), Rock Formations: Categorical Answers to How Band Names Were Formed, Cidermill Books, p. 105, ISBN 0974848352
  7. ^ McBride, John (2007-11-02), A light Israeli snack, served with a stale political pickle, Globe and Mail, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Cloonan, Martin (2007), Popular Music and the State in the UK: Culture, Trade Or Industry?, Ashgate Publishing, p. 120, ISBN 0754653730
  9. ^ Gardiner, Michael (2005), Modern Scottish Culture, Edinburgh University Press, p. 203, ISBN 0748620273
  10. ^ a b Pareles, John (2001), The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll, Fireside Publishing, p. 66, ISBN 0743201205
  11. ^ Shiel, George, Tigermilk ([dead link]Scholar search), Eclectic Honey, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: External link in |format= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f Belle and Sebastian 2nd Melbourne show!, PBS 106.7FM, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ 100 Greatest Albums, 1985-2005, Spin, 2005-06-20, retrieved 2007-11-11 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ a b c Sanneh, Kelefa (2006-02-02), CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; A Quiet Band Worth Fighting Loudly About Makes Some More Noise, New York Times, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ Hornby, Nick (1997-11-14), Lazy Line Painter Jane, Salon, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ a b Lim, Dennis (1998-09-15), Winter of Their Youth, The Village Voice, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ Laurence, A. (2005-05), Arab Strap interview, Free Williamsburg, retrieved 2007-11-06 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ Best, Sophie (2004-07-23), Ring the Belle, The Age, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Owings, Henry (2006), The Overrated Book, Last Gasp, ISBN 0867196572
  20. ^ Josephes, Jason (1998-10-01), The Boy With the Arab Strap review ([dead link]Scholar search), Pitchfork Media, retrieved 2007-11-11 {{citation}}: External link in |format= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ Ratliff, Ben (1998-08-25), The Boy With the Arab Strap review, Rolling Stone, retrieved 2007-11-11 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ MODERN LOVERS ROCK HARD, NME, 1998-10-26, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ Robbie rules over Brits, BBC, 1999-02-17, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ Urban, Andy (2002-06-18), Side Project Becomes Full-Length Let Down, Dusted Magazine, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (2000-03-31), "High Fidelity", Salon, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ Virtue, Graeme (2003-12-21), Jingle Book Belles, Sunday Herald, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ Heim, Joe (2000-05-09), Sharps & Flats: Looper, Salon, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ Nichols, Peter M. (2004), The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made, St. Martin's Press, p. 955, ISBN 0312326114
  29. ^ Hansen, Liane (2006-03-19), Isobel Campbell: After Belle Comes 'Ballad', National Public Radio, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, Belle & Sebastian: Full Biography, MTV, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. ^ a b McGregor, Andrew (2001-06-21), Belle and Sebastian, Dear Catastrophe Waitress, BBC, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  32. ^ a b McCracken, Edd (2003-10-05), Secret seven win through, Sunday Herald, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. ^ a b Grant, Kieran (2003-11-06), Belle and Sebastian Q&A, Eye Weekly, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  34. ^ Raihala, Ross (2006-03-21), Belle and Sebastian pouring out their souls — again, Seattle Times, retrieved 2007-11-06 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  35. ^ Devenish, Colin (2003-10-27), Belle & Sebastian Back in Town, Rolling Stone, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  36. ^ Strong, Martin C. (2006), The Essential Rock Discography, Open City Books, p. 80, ISBN 1841958603
  37. ^ a b Petridis, Alexis (2006-02-03), "Belle and Sebastian, The Life Pursuit", The Guardian, London, retrieved 2007-11-05
  38. ^ Beaujon, Andrew (2006-02-08), The Happiness Of 'Pursuit', Washington Post, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  39. ^ McBay, Nadine (2006-01-19), Belle & Sebastian:We managed to do things without pandering to the London machine, Drowned In Sound, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  40. ^ Harris, Chris (2006-02-15), Jack Johnson Scores First Billboard #1 With 'Curious' Tunes, MTV, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ Belle & Sebastian get the 'Blues' on new single, NME, 2006-03-03, retrieved 2007-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  42. ^ Rosen, Steven (2006-06-06), Belle & Sebastian with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, Harp Magazine, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  43. ^ Mancina, Kristin, Belle & Sebastian and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Featuring the Shins, L.A. Splash Magazine, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  44. ^ Wener, Ben (2006-07-07), Belle and Sebastian: Delightful in every way, Orange County Register, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  45. ^ Llewellyn, Katie (2006-07-18), Belle & Sebastian-Curated Kids' Comp Details Revealed ([dead link]Scholar search), Pitchfork Media, retrieved 2007-11-04 {{citation}}: External link in |format= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  46. ^ Thompson, Paul (2008-09-18), Belle and Sebastian Collect BBC Sessions on New Comp, Pitchfork Media, retrieved 2008-11-05
  47. ^ Belle And Sebastian man makes film, NME, 2007-12-11, retrieved 2008-11-05 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  48. ^ http://www.belleandsebastian.com/newsstory.php?id=484
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  50. ^ a b c d "Australian chart positions". australian-charts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  51. ^ a b c "Austrian chart positions". austriancharts.at. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  52. ^ a b c "Swiss chart positions". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  53. ^ a b c "Finnish chart positions". finnishcharts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  54. ^ a b c "French chart positions". lescharts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  55. ^ a b c "German album positions". musicline.de. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  56. ^ a b c d "Irish chart positions". irish-charts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  57. ^ a b c d "Dutch chart positions". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  58. ^ a b c d "Norwegian chart positions". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  59. ^ a b c "Spanish chart positions". spanishcharts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  60. ^ a b c d "Swedish chart positions". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  61. ^ a b c "US album positions". allmusic.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Text "AND" ignored (help)
  62. ^ a b c "UK Chartlog: Darren B – David Byrne". zobbel.de. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  63. ^ a b c d "UK certificates: searchable database". BPI. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  64. ^ "French album positions". infodisc.fr. Retrieved 22 February 2010. Note: user must find artist in drop-down
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  66. ^ "European Hot 100 positions". billboard.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.