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Bayt Jann

Coordinates: 32°57′55″N 35°22′46″E / 32.96528°N 35.37944°E / 32.96528; 35.37944
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This article is about the Druze town in Israel. For the town in southern Syria, see Beit Jinn.
Bayt Jann
  • בית ג'ן‎
  • بيت جن‎
Local council
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Beit Ǧann
 • Also spelledBeit Jann or Bayt Jann (unofficial)
Beit Jann cityscape
Beit Jann cityscape
Bayt Jann is located in Northwest Israel
Bayt Jann
Bayt Jann
Bayt Jann is located in Israel
Bayt Jann
Bayt Jann
Coordinates: 32°57′55″N 35°22′46″E / 32.96528°N 35.37944°E / 32.96528; 35.37944
Grid position185/263 PAL
Country Israel
DistrictNorthern
Founded13th or 14th century (as Druze settlement)
Government
 • MayorNazih Dabbur[1]
Area
 • Total4,650 dunams (4.65 km2 or 1.80 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total12,433
 • Density2,700/km2 (6,900/sq mi)
Name meaning"The house of the genie", or "The garden house"[3]

Bayt Jann (Arabic: بيت جن‎; Hebrew: בית ג'ן‎) is a Druze village on Mount Meron in northern Israel.[4] At 940 meters above sea level, Bayt Jann is one of the highest inhabited locations in the country. In 2022 it had a population of 12,433.[2]

Etymology

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Guérin noted that the village was known as Beitegene or Bette-Gen during the Middle Ages. He suggested that the village's name during antiquity was Hebrew: בֵּית גַּנִּים, romanized: Beth-Jannim, "House of Gardens", since it was surrounded by orchards and vineyards, as evidenced by the ancient terraces nearby.[5]

History

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Antiquity

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Bayt Jann is an ancient village site at the top of a hill. Old stones have been reused in village homes, and cisterns and tombs carved into rock have also been found.[6]

Bayt Jann is thought to have been one of a few locations in antiquity called Beth Dagon, and may be identified with the Beth Dagon mentioned in Tosefta Shevi'ith 7:13-71,29.[7]

Crusader and Mamluk periods

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In the Crusader era it was known as Beitegen.[8] In 1249, John Aleman transferred land, including the casalia of Beitegen, Sajur, Majd al-Krum and Nahf to the Teutonic Knights.[9]

According to local legend, Druze families in the area lived in scattered colonies in the hills near sources of water until the 13th or 14th century. Two hunters looking for hyraxes stumbled upon a cave where they found an ancient cistern filled with water. Concluding that this was a good place for permanent settlement, several families settled on the site of what would become Bayt Jann.[10]

Ottoman period

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In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of the land of the Israelites, and in 1596, Bayt Jinn appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Akka under the liwa' (district) of Safad. It had a population of 102 households and 5 bachelors, all Muslims. They paid taxes on silk spinning (dulab harir),[11] occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives, olive oil press and/or a press for grape syrup.[12][13]

In August 1754, the missionary Stephan Schulz[14] visited the village. He noted that the inhabitants produced water-skins, and described the grapes of the region as particularly large and fine.[15][16]

The American biblical scholar Edward Robinson described Bayt Jann in 1852 as a "large well-built village", with houses made of limestone and 260 male residents, all Druze.[16] In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called Beit Djenn. He estimated it had two hundred inhabitants, all Druze. He further noted that "A few years ago it was much larger, as is indicated by the abandoned houses which are beginning to fall into ruins. I am told that their occupants have fled to the Hauran to escape conscription. (...) The flanks of the hill on which the village stands are covered with vines which creep along the ground; their grapes [are] of a prodigious size..."[5] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Jenn as a good village built of stone, with 300 Muslims and 100 Druze, with extensive gardens and vineyards.[17]

A population list from about 1887 showed Bayt Jann to have about 1,215 inhabitants; all Druze.[18]

British Mandate

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In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Jan had a population of 902: 6 Muslims, 1 Christian and 895 Druze;[19] the only Christian was an Anglican.[20] At the time of the 1931 census, Bayt Jann had 229 occupied houses and a population of 1100 Druze and 1 Muslim.[21]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Bayt Jann together with Ein al-Asad was 1,640, all classified as "others" (i.e., Druze),[22] who owned 43,550 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[23] 2,530 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 7,406 used for cereals,[24] while 67 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[25]

Yiftach Brigade "D" Company Headquarters in Bayt Jann. 1948
Shrine of Baha al-Din, probably dedicated to the founding Druze leader of this name

Israel

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In September 1991, the body of Samir Assad, an Israel Defense Forces soldier from Bayt Jann, held since 1983 by the DFLP, was returned in exchange for the return to Israel of exiled members of the DFLP.[26]

In July 2006, during the Hezbollah–Israel war, Bayt Jann was hit by Katyusha rockets fired by Hezbollah.[27] In the aftermath of the 2021 Meron crowd crush, the village offered help to the survivors and offered emergency services if ever needed. Mayor Radi Najm said that several families had sheltered survivors of the disaster.[28] Illegal logging in the vicinity of Bayt Jann has led to conflicts with park officials and rangers.[29]

As of November 2023, Bayt Jann has the highest percentage of IDF soldiers fallen in battle of any community in Israel, with a total of 64.[30]

Geography and climate

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Bayt Jann has a cool climate, even in summer, and offers panoramic views that stretch as far as the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean on a clear day. Several families in the village run bed and breakfast facilities.[31] The village is located inside the Mount Meron nature reserve.

Education

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In 2013, Bayt Jann high school was ranked first in the country for the number of students graduating with a bagrut matriculation certificate.[32]

The village had no playground until 2020, when one was built with the help of JNF UK.[33]

Panorama of the outskirts of Bayt Jann

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "תוצאות הבחירות המקומיות 2024 סיבוב שני". www.themarker.com (in Hebrew). 11 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  2. ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  3. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 68
  4. ^ Higher education in the Druze community
  5. ^ a b Guérin, 1880, pp. 82-83, partly as translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 196
  6. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 657
  7. ^ Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976). "Gazetteer of Roman Palestine". Qedem. 5: 37. ISSN 0333-5844.
  8. ^ Conder and Kitchener 1881, SWP I, p. 206
  9. ^ Strehlke, 1869, pp. 78-79, No. 100; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 308, No. 1175; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 254
  10. ^ Mountain People, The Jerusalem Post
  11. ^ Rhode, 1979, See p. 145 for the silk tax, and p. 5 for the date.
  12. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192
  13. ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2020-03-01 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied from the Safad-district was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  14. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix, p. 21
  15. ^ Schulz (ed. Paulus), 1803, p. 106
  16. ^ a b Robinson and Smith, 1856, p. 76
  17. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 196.
  18. ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 191
  19. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  20. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
  21. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 100
  22. ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
  23. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40
  24. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80
  25. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130
  26. ^ Prisoners-of-War and Captive Soldiers Exchanges
  27. ^ Woman, grandson killed in Meron rocket attack Archived July 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Ynetnews, 14 July 2006
  28. ^ "Arab towns offer food, drink to Meron survivors; hundreds give blood in Tel Aviv". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  29. ^ Oak trees felled in Beit Jann, Haaretz
  30. ^ Several soldiers killed, several others wounded in Gaza, The Jerusalem Post, 18 November 2023. Accessed the same day.
  31. ^ Druze tourism
  32. ^ How the Druze bested the Jews, Haaretz
  33. ^ "Grapevine June 18, 2020: Independence and annexation... or not". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-01-08.

Bibliography

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