Battles of Tobago

Second battle of Tobago
	Part of the Franco-Dutch War
Date	11 December 1677
Location	Off Tobago, Caribbean Sea
Result	French victory
Belligerents
France	Dutch Republic
Commanders and leaders
Jean II d'Estrées	Jacob Binckes †
Strength
6 ships of the line; 4 smaller vessels ; 520 guns ; 3,500 crewmen	10 ships of the line; 3 smaller vessels ; 650 guns ; 4,000 crewmen
Casualties and losses
1,200 killed or wounded ; 4 ships of the line lost	1,800 killed or wounded ; 600 prisoners ; 10 ships of the line lost

First battle of Tobago
	Part of the Franco-Dutch War
	; A painting of the battle
Date	3 March 1677
Location	Off Tobago, Caribbean Sea11°15′0.0″N 60°40′1.2″W / 11.250000°N 60.667000°W
Result	Dutch victory
Belligerents
Dutch Republic	France
Commanders and leaders
Jacob Binckes	Jean II d'Estrées
Strength
9 warships ; Several smaller vessels	9 warships ; Several smaller vessels
Casualties and losses
1 warship destroyed ; 1 warship sunk	2 warships destroyed ; 2 warships captured

The battles of Tobago were two naval battles between the French Navy and the Dutch States Navy during the Franco-Dutch War in 1677.

First battle of Tobago

The First Battle of Tobago took place on 3 March 1677 between a Dutch fleet under the command of Jacob Binckes and a French squadron commanded by Jean II d'Estrées attempting to recapture the island of Tobago in the West Indies. There was much death and destruction on both sides. One of the Dutch supply ships caught fire and exploded; the fire then quickly spread in the narrow bay causing several warships, among them the French flagship Glorieux, to catch fire and explode in turn which resulted in great loss of life.

Order of battle (first battle)

France

Glorieux (flagship, 64 guns) - (Jean, Comte d'Estrées) Destroyed; 60 killed
L'Intrépide (56 guns) - (Louis de Gabaret) Captured
Le Precieux (54 guns) - Captured
Le Marquis (46 guns) - (Chevalier de Lézines) Destroyed
Le Galant (46 guns) - Damaged
Le Fendant (54 guns) - (Charles de Courbon de Blénac) Damaged
Fortuné (52 guns) - (Nicholas Lefèvre de Méricourt)
Le Laurier (40 guns) - (Charles-François de Machault de Belmont)
Le Soleil d'Afrique (40 guns) - Captain killed

Dutch Republic

Beschermer (flagship, 54 guns) - (Jacob Binckes) 50 killed
Huis te Kruiningen (58 guns) - (Roemer Vlacq) Captured; 56 killed
Zeelandia (34 guns) - (Pieter Constant) 44 killed
Middelburg (38 guns) - (Jan Swart) Destroyed
Sphaera Mundi (41 guns)
Gouden Ster (30 guns) - (Pieter Cooreman) Captain killed
Hertog van York (26 guns) - (Frederick Sweers)
Alcion (24 guns) - (Cornelis Stolwijk) Sunk
Popkensburg (24 guns) - (Pieter Slolwyck)
Sint Salvador (6 guns)

Second battle of Tobago

The French fleet retreated but made a second attempt to capture Tobago at the end of the year, during the Second Battle of Tobago, which took place on 11 December 1677. This time, the French were successful. The French squadron sailed to the Cape Verde Islands, took the slaving island of Gorée (off Senegal) from the Dutch, then sailed fast to the Antilles. D'Estrées stopped briefly at Barbados to find out what he could about the strength of the Dutch, then reached Tobago on 6 December 1677.^[3]Blénac led the land force of 950 men, with an artillery train to besiege the Dutch fort.^[3] The mortars and cannon had to be dragged about 4 miles (6.4 km) to the top of a hill that overlooked the fort, which took three days. The third shell fired by the French hit the powder magazine, and the explosion destroyed the fort. 250 men died, including Admiral Jacob Binckes and 16 officers. The French attacked at once and within an hour had seized what remained of the fort as well as four sinking ships. They took 600 prisoners.^[2] The French destroyed all the houses and plantation buildings on the island, deported the people and abandoned the island.^[4] This victory destroyed Dutch military power in the Antilles. D'Estrées next sailed to Martinique to prepare an attack on Curaçao.^[2]^[a] Blénac raised a large contingent of buccaneers to support this expedition.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bodart 1908, p. 101.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pritchard 2004, p. 294.
^ ^a ^b Pritchard 2004, p. 293.
^ Woodcock 1867, p. 30.
^ Marley 2010, p. 48.

^ D'Estrées delayed the attack on Curaçao for four months while he tried to recruit more forces, and finally left on 7 May. His fleet ran onto coral reefs off the Las Aves archipelago, lost all but one of the ships of the line, and was forced to return to France.^[2]

Sources

Bodart, Gaston (1908). Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905) (in German). Vienna and Leipzig: C. W. Stern. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
Marley, David (2010), Pirates of the Americas, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-201-2, retrieved 2018-09-03
Pritchard, James S. (2004-01-22), In Search of Empire: The French in the Americas, 1670-1730, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82742-3, retrieved 2018-08-31
Woodcock, Henry Iles (1867), A History of Tobago, author, retrieved 2018-09-01

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[FOOTNOTEBodart1908101-1] Bodart 1908, p. 101.

[FOOTNOTEPritchard2004294-2] Pritchard 2004, p. 294.

[FOOTNOTEPritchard2004293-3] Pritchard 2004, p. 293.

[FOOTNOTEWoodcock186730-4] Woodcock 1867, p. 30.

[FOOTNOTEMarley201048-6] Marley 2010, p. 48.

[5] D'Estrées delayed the attack on Curaçao for four months while he tried to recruit more forces, and finally left on 7 May. His fleet ran onto coral reefs off the Las Aves archipelago, lost all but one of the ships of the line, and was forced to return to France.^[2]

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