Barrow Creek Telegraph Station
| Barrow Creek Telegraph Station Barrow Creek, Northern Territory | |
|---|---|
  Barrow Creek Telegraph Station | |
| Coordinates | 21°31′46″S 133°53′23″E / 21.52956°S 133.889588°E |
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Barrow Creek Telegraph Station was one of 12 repeater stations for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line and it sat between the Alice Springs Telegraph Station and Tennant Creek Telegraph Station.[1][2]
It now sits within the Barrow Creek Telegraph Station Historical Reserve and was listed on the Northern Territory Heritage Register on 7 June 2002.[3][4][5] It was previously registered on the Register of the National Estate on 26 April 1988.[6]
In 2005 money was set aside by the Northern Territory Government to perform maintenance work on the stone buildings that remain there.[7]
The Traditional Owners of this site are the Kaytetye people.[8][9]
History
[edit]The site of the Barrow Creek Telegraph Station was selected by John Ross, in 1871, during his Overland Telegraph exploring party which followed on from more general exploration undertaken by John McDouall Stuart. The site was selected due to the availability of water and the polling and wiring of the area was completed in the same year. By January 1872 work had also completed the construction of a small stone hut and had begun constructing the Telegraph Station itself.[1]
The Telegraph Station was officially opened by the Post Master General Charles Todd, who was travelling through the area, on 16 August 1872.[1]
Buildings continued to be constructed at the Telegraph Station until the 1880s and many of these buildings remain intact at the site. These included an elaborate stone fence, a wagon shed and a blacksmith's hut. The Telegraph Station also has its own cemetery which is known to have three graves.[10][11]
Massacres at the site
[edit]In 1873 and 1874 the Telegraph Station was the site of two massacres, known as the Barrow Creek massacres.
July 1873
[edit]The first of these massacres was when staff at the station 'dispersed' local Kaytetye peoples with the use of firearms and which resulted in the death of approximately 30 people. It appears that Telegraph Station staff wired Charles Todd days before asking to disperse people but that, not receiving a reply they decided that the request had not been whether they were allowed but for approval to do it 'at public expense'.[12]
February to April 1874
[edit]The second of these massacres took place after Kaytetye men 'attacked' the Telegraph Station and killed stationmaster James Stapleton and linesman John Franks (both buried in the cemetery) and a number of others were injured; this was likely in response to the earlier massacre and accusations that European men had been abducting Aboriginal women and girls.[13][14][15][16] In reprisal mounted constable Samuel Gason, who had been there, carried out four punitive expeditions with volunteers from throughout the region into the surrounding country.[17][18][19] The official number of people killed in these attacks was reported as being 11 but a much higher death toll has been estimated at between 50 and 90 people and likely higher. The death toll was not only made up of Kaytetye people but also included Anmatyerre, Warumungu, Alyawarre and Warlpiri people.[20]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Barrow Creek Telegraph Station: historical reserve" (PDF). Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Barrow Creek Telegraph Station (point of interest)". NT Place Names Register. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Barrow Creek Telegraph Station Historical Reserve". northernterritory.com. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Barrow Creek Telegraph Station: general". NT Heritage Register. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Declaration of heritage place Barrow Creek Telegraph Station". NT Heritage Register. 7 June 2002. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Register of the National Estate. "Barrow Creek Telegraph Station - OTL Site, Stuart Hwy, Barrow Creek, NT, Australia". Australian Heritage Database. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Scrymgour, Marion (14 May 2005). "NT Government commits $1 million to protect heritage icons". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Office of the Aboriginal Land Commissioner & Australia (2000). "Barrow Creek (Kaytetye) land claim no. 161: report and recommendation of the Aboriginal Land Commissioner, Justice H.W. Olney". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Barrow Creek (Kaytetye) Land Transfer". ATNS - Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements project. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Government, Northern Territory (23 November 2018). "Barrow Creek Telegraph Station Historical Reserve". nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Barrow Creek Cemetery". NT Place Names Register. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Barrow Creek Massacre, July 1873". Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Murders by the Natives at Barrow Creek". Northern Territory Times And Gazette. Vol. I, , no. 17. Northern Territory, Australia. 27 February 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 2 October 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "The Barrow Creek outrage". South Australian Chronicle And Weekly Mail. Vol. XVII, , no. 830. South Australia. 11 July 1874. p. 11. Retrieved 2 October 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "The Barrow Creek affray". South Australian Chronicle And Weekly Mail. Vol. XVII, , no. 830. South Australia. 11 July 1874. p. 6. Retrieved 2 October 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "The attack on Barrow's Creek Telegraph Station". Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. Vol. XIII, , no. 1844. Queensland, Australia. 26 March 1874. p. 5. Retrieved 2 October 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Elley, Samantha (20 March 2023). "Revenge killing leads to massacre". Tales from the Grave. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Gason Street". NT Place Names Register. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "A trooper of the sixties". South Australian Register. Vol. LXII, , no. 15, 733. South Australia. 16 April 1897. p. 5. Retrieved 2 October 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Barrow Creek massacre, February - April 1874". Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930. Retrieved 2 October 2024.