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Barclaya

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Barclaya
Barclaya longifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Barclaya
Wall.
Type species
Barclaya longifolia Wall.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Hydrostemma Wall. ex Taylor & Phillips

Barclaya is a genus of six species of flowering plants of the family Nymphaeaceae.[2] Barclaya are aquatic plants native to tropical Asia. The genus was named in honour of the American-born English brewer and patron of science Robert Barclay.[3][4]

Description

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Vegetative characteristics

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Its species are perennial,[1] aquatic,[5] rhizomatous herbs[1] with slender, horizontal,[6][7] villous-pubescent,[6] creeping or tuberous, often stoloniferous rhizomes.[1] The petiolate leaves are mostly submerged[6][1] and do not float on the water surface.[1] The linear,[7] oblong, or suborbicular lamina[6] with a cordate base[7] has an entire margin.[6]

Generative characteristics

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The solitary,[4][1] pedunculate, sumberged or emerged, bisexual, often cleistogamous flowers[6] have 4–5 hypogynous outer tepals,[1][8] and 8–20 inner tepals,[6] which are basally fused to a tube.[6][1][8] The gynoecium consists of 7–12 fused carpels[1] with curved stigmatic appendages.[6] The globular, irregularly dehiscent 1.0–1.5(–2.0) cm wide fruit,[1] which is enclosed in persistent sepals and petals,[6] bears globose,[4] echinate seeds.[1]

Taxonomy

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Publication

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The genus Barclaya Wall. was first published by Nathaniel Wallich in 1827[2] with Barclaya longifolia Wall. as the type species.[1] Though Hydrostemma is a name that is older than the name Barclaya, having been published 6 months earlier, the name Barclaya has been "conserved" as it was deemed being much better known than Hydrostemma.[9]

Species

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Flower Species Distribution
Barclaya hirta (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq.[1] Indonesia, Sumatera[1]
Barclaya kunstleri (King) Ridl.[1] Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore[1]
Barclaya longifolia Wall.[2] India, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia[1]
Barclaya motleyi Hook.f.[2] Thailand , peninsular Malaysia, Sumatera, Riau Islands, Sarawak, Kalimantan, Papua, and Papua New Guinea[1]
Barclaya panchorensis Komala[2] Malaya Peninsula[10]
Barclaya rotundifolia M.Hotta[2] Sarawak, Johore, Malaysia[11]
Barclaya rugosa Sofiman Othman & N.Jacobsen[2] Malaya Peninsula[12]
Barclaya wellyi Wongso, Ipor & N.Jacobsen[2] Sumatra[13]

Rejected classification

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The separate family Barclayaceae H.L.Li was published in 1955.[14] It has been believed to be separate, due to the extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined basally. However, morphological and genetic studies support the position of Barclaya in the family Nymphaeaceae.[15] A separate order Barclayales Doweld was proposed in 2001.[16][17]

The accepted placement of Barclaya is within the family Nymphaeaceae of the order Nymphaeales.[18]

Cytology

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The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 36.[1]

Habitat

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Within tropical rainforests, Barclaya develops alongside streams or at their fringes. The escalating deforestation across Southeast Asia is causing the habitats to become clouded, endangering Barclaya.[19]

Conservation

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The IUCN conservation status of Barclaya longifolia is least concern (LC).[20] The IUCN conservation status of Barclaya motleyi is data deficient (DD).[21]

Use

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In Laos, Barclaya longifolia is used for its edible leaves.[22]

Cultivation

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Barclaya longifolia is a popular aquarium plant.[23][9][24] Under high light conditions the attractive, upright foliage displays green colouration. Under lower light conditions brownish foliage is produced.[25] It easily sets seed in cultivation, if pollen is deposited on the stigma.[26]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Jacobsen, Niels; Ganapathy, Herman; Ipor, Isa; et al. (2022). "A reassessment of the genus Barclaya (Nymphaeaceae) including three new species". Nordic Journal of Botany. 2022 (5). doi:10.1111/njb.03392. ISSN 0107-055X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Barclaya Wall". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  3. ^ Slocum, Perry D. (2005). Waterlilies and Lotuses: Species, Cultivars and New Hybrids. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-684-2. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
  4. ^ a b c Wallich, Nathaniel (1827). "Description of a new genus of plants belonging to the order Nymphaeaceae". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 15: 442–448, Tab. 18. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00125.x.
  5. ^ Watson, L., & Dallwitz, M. J. (n.d.). Barclayaceae (Endl.) Li. The Families of Angiosperms. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://www.delta-intkey.com/angio/www/barclaya.htm
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Forest Herbarium & Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (n.d.). Barclaya Wall. Flora of Thailand. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://botany.dnp.go.th/eflora/floragenus.html?factsheet=Barclaya
  7. ^ a b c Cook, C. D. K. (1974). Water Plants of the World: A Manual for the Identification of the Genera of Freshwater Macrophytes. p. 335. Niederlande: Junk.
  8. ^ a b Warner, K. A., Rudall, P. J., & Frohlich, M. W. (2008). Differentiation of Perianth Organs in Nymphaeales. Taxon, 57(4), 1096–1109. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27756767
  9. ^ a b Crusio, W. E.; J. Bogner (1984). "Proposal to conserve 2515 Barclaya against Hydrostemma (Nymphaeaceae)". Taxon. 33 (3): 517–519. doi:10.2307/1221000. JSTOR 1221000.
  10. ^ "Barclaya panchorensis Komala". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  11. ^ Jacobsen, Niels; Ipor, Isa B.; Bogner, Josef (2007). "Über die Kultur von Barclaya-Arten (Nymphaeaceae)". Aqua Planta. 32: 86–93.
  12. ^ "Barclaya rugosa Sofiman Othman & N.Jacobsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Barclaya wellyi Wongso, Ipor & N.Jacobsen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Barclayaceae H. L. Li". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  15. ^ Schneider, E. L. (1978). "Studies of the Nymphaeaceae. IX. The Seed of Barclaya longifolia Wall". Botanical Gazette. 139 (2): 223–230. doi:10.1086/336993. JSTOR 2473739. S2CID 85279142.
  16. ^ "Family Barclayaceae - Hierarchy". The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  17. ^ Reveal, J. L.; Chase, M. W. (18 February 2011). "APG III: Bibliographical Information and Synonymy of Magnoliidae". Phytotaxa. 19 (1): 71–134. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.4.
  18. ^ Borsch, Thomas; Löhne, Cornelia; Wiersema, John (2008). "Phylogeny and evolutionary patterns in Nymphaeales: integrating genes, genomes and morphology". Taxon. 57 (4): 1052. doi:10.1002/tax.574004. ISSN 0040-0262.
  19. ^ Endress, P.K.; Friis, E.M. (2012). Early Evolution of Flowers. Plant Systematics and Evolution - Supplementa. Springer Vienna. ISBN 978-3-7091-6910-0.
  20. ^ Juffe Bignoli, D. (2011). "Barclaya longifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T194024A8877322. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194024A8877322.en. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  21. ^ Allen, D.J. (2011). "Barclaya motleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T194023A8877027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T194023A8877027.en. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  22. ^ Vidal, J. (1964). Les Plantes utiles du Laos (suite). Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 11(1), 18-50.
  23. ^ Les, D. H. (2001). "Nymphaeales". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
  24. ^ Bailey, Mary; Burgess, Peter (1999). Tropical Fishlopaedia: A Complete Guide to Fish Care. Ringpress. ISBN 978-1-86054-102-5.
  25. ^ Alderton, David (2019-02-07). Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish. Dorling Kindersley Limited. ISBN 978-0-241-44442-9.
  26. ^ Miller, Philip (1835). The gardeners dictionary.
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