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Barakah nuclear power plant

Coordinates: 23°58′04″N 52°13′54″E / 23.96778°N 52.23167°E / 23.96778; 52.23167
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Barakah Nuclear Power Plant
Barakah nuclear power plant
Map
Official nameمحطة براكة للطاقة النووية
CountryUnited Arab Emirates
LocationApprox. 50km west of Ruwais
Coordinates23°58′04″N 52°13′54″E / 23.96778°N 52.23167°E / 23.96778; 52.23167
StatusOperational
Construction beganUnit 1: 19 July 2012
Unit 2: 16 April 2013
Unit 3: 24 September 2014
Unit 4: 30 July 2015
Commission dateUnit 1: 3 August 2020
Unit 2: 14 September 2021
Unit 3: 10 October 2022
Unit 4: 23 March 2024
Construction costUS$32 billion[1]
OwnerENEC
Nuclear power station
Reactor typePWR
Reactor supplierKEPCO
Cooling sourcePersian Gulf
Thermal capacity4 × 3983 MWth
Power generation
Units operational4 x 1345 MW
Make and modelAPR-1400
Nameplate capacity5600 MW
External links
Websiteenec.gov.ae/barakah-plant/
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

The Barakah nuclear power plant (Arabic: محطة براكة للطاقة النووية) (BNPP) is the United Arab Emirates' first nuclear power station, the first nuclear power station in the Arabian Peninsula and the first commercial nuclear power station in the Arab World.[2] It consists of four APR-1400 nuclear reactors. Total nameplate capacity is 5600 MW[3] which is intended to supply up to 25% of UAE's electricity needs.[4][5] The site is in the Al Dhafra region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, approximately 53 km west-southwest of Al Dhannah City, on the coastline between the Persian Gulf and the E11 highway.[6][7]

History

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Contracting

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In December 2009, Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) awarded a coalition led by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) a $20 billion bid to build the first nuclear power plant in the UAE.[8] Barakah was chosen as the site to build four APR-1400 nuclear reactors successively, with the first scheduled to start supplying electricity in 2017.[9][10][11]

In 2011, Bloomberg reported that following detailed finance agreements, the build cost was put at $30 billion and financed with $10 billion equity, $10 billion export-credit agency debt, and $10 billion from bank and sovereign debt. South Korea may earn a further $20 billion from operation, maintenance and fuel supply contracts.[12] A later Bloomberg report indicates the price as $25 billion.[13]

As of 22 March 2018, the project's total cost was refined to $24.4 billion to complete. However, by April 9, 2020, Power Technology reported that the project cost was $32 billion.[14] Startup of Unit 1 was delayed to late 2018.[15] The project was then further delayed, with commercial operation of the first reactor only achieved in April 2021.[16]

Timeline

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Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Yukiya Amano visiting Barakah in 2013

The plant's ground-breaking ceremony was held on 14 March 2011, including Korean President Lee Myung-bak. It has four units.[17] Construction of the first unit was begun in the afternoon of 18 July 2012,[18][19] ahead of its scheduled date in late 2012. This happened despite delays being mooted in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.[20] In May 2013, construction started on the second unit, which was then expected to take five years.[21] The first safety-related concrete was poured for Unit 3 in September 2014.[22] Unit 4 started construction in September 2015.[3][23]

In 2014, the Barakah 1 reactor vessel was delivered onsite and site preparation works for Barakah 3 and 4 started.[24][25] Meanwhile, the concrete-and-steel reactor containment building for Barakah 1 was completed in January 2015.[3]

In March 2015, ENEC applied to Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR) for operating licences for Units 1 and 2.[26]

In September 2015, first concrete was poured for Unit 4. More than 18,000 staff were then working on the construction of all 4 units.[27]

In December 2017, the rebel Houthis group claimed to have fired a cruise missile in the direction of the Barakah plant, but the Emirati authorities said that no missiles had actually reached the UAE.[28]

In December 2018, it was reported that voids were found in the concrete containment buildings for units 2 & 3. Grease was found to have leaked through the unit 3 containment, which may have been due to a crack in the concrete.[29]

Unit 1 was declared complete in 2018. However it was not expected to begin operations until late 2019 or early 2020.[30] In January 2020 it was announced that fuel loading would commence that quarter, about 2.5 years later than the original planned date of August 2017. FANR had raised 400 adverse findings in a review requiring rectification of various technical, organisational and management issues.[31]

In March 2020, ENEC announced the completion of the fuel assemblies loading into the Unit 1 reactor.[32] The reactor started generating electricity in August 2020 and entered commercial operation in 2021.[33]

Unit Type Construction start Commercial operation Construction

time (years)

Notes
Barakah 1 APR-1400 19 July 2012 1 April 2021[34] 9 [11][35][36][37]
Barakah 2 APR-1400 16 April 2013 24 March 2022[38] 9 [39]
Barakah 3 APR-1400 24 September 2014 24 February 2023[40] 9 [41][42]
Barakah 4 APR-1400 30 July 2015 5 September 2024[43] 9 [44][37]

Completion

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  • Unit 1 is 100% complete as of December 2018. It entered commercial service in April 2021.[45]
  • Unit 2 is 100% complete as of April 2021.[46] It entered commercial service in March 2022.[38]
  • Unit 3 is 100% complete as of November 2021.[47] It entered commercial service in February 2023.[40]
  • Unit 4 is 100% complete as of July 2022.[48] It started electricity generation in March 2024[49] and entered commercial service in September 2024.[43]

Operation and maintenance

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On September 9, 2024, the United Arab Emirates and India signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for civil nuclear cooperation. The Abu Dhabi Crown Prince, Sheikh Khalid bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, visited India, where he signed the deal for operation and maintenance of Barakah Nuclear Power Plant between Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL).[50][51]

Criticism

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In March 2019, Qatar lodged a letter of complaint to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regarding the Barakah nuclear power plant, stating concerns about its safety and lack of co-operation with regional states on the project as well as that it poses a serious threat to regional stability and the environment.[52] The UAE denied that there are safety issues with the plant stating that Barakah adheres to the highest standards of nuclear safety and security.[53]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Barakah Nuclear Power Plant". 9 April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  2. ^ "UAE's first nuclear power plant begins commercial operations". Reuters. 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Barakah Nuclear Power Plant, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates". power-technology. 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  4. ^ "UAE completes construction of Barakah 2". World Nuclear News. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  5. ^ "Barakah: UAE starts up Arab world's first nuclear plant". BBC News. August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  6. ^ "Oil-rich UAE completes Arab world's first nuclear plant". The Indian Express. 6 September 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  7. ^ "Explained | Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant in UAE". Onmanorama. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  8. ^ "Ej Atlas". ejatlas.org. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  9. ^ "UAE Nuclear Power Plants". BBC News. 27 December 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  10. ^ "Quarter of UAE's power from nuclear energy by 2020". Emirates 24/7. Dubai Media. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  11. ^ a b "Barakah plant delay sets back clean energy target". gulfnews.com. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  12. ^ Ayesha Daya and Stefania Bianchi (24 November 2011). "U.A.E.'s Nuclear Power Program Said to Cost $30 Billion". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  13. ^ Sharif, Matthew Martin Arif (3 September 2015). "Abu Dhabi Said to Revive Debt Plan for First Nuclear Plant". Bloomberg. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  14. ^ "Barakah Nuclear Power Plant". Power Technology. 9 April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  15. ^ "Arab world's first nuclear reactor delayed again over training". nasdaq. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  16. ^ "Third Barakah unit begins commercial operation : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Pres. Lee Attends Groundbreaking Ceremony for UAE's Nuclear Plant". Arirang TV. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  18. ^ "Construction under way at Barakah". World Nuclear News. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  19. ^ "ENEC Starts Construction of UAE's First Nuclear Energy Plant". Gulfnews. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  20. ^ "UAE's Nuclear Watchdog Says To Review Atomic Energy Plans". Zawya Dow Jones. 22 March 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  21. ^ "UAE pours first concrete for Barakah 2". Nuclear Engineering International. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  22. ^ "Construction starts on third Barakah unit". World Nuclear News. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
  23. ^ "UAE's fourth power reactor under construction". World Nuclear News. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
  24. ^ "Barakah 1 reactor vessel delivered". World Nuclear News. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  25. ^ "Work to start on third and fourth Barakah units". World Nuclear News. 12 February 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  26. ^ "UAE's ENEC submits plan to run first two nuclear reactors". Arabian Business. 28 March 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  27. ^ "UAE's fourth power reactor under construction". World Nuclear News. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  28. ^ "UPDATE 1-Yemen's Houthi group says fires missile toward Abu Dhabi nuclear reactor". Reuters. 3 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  29. ^ "Cracks found in containment building of UAE nuclear power plant built by S. Korean companies". The Hankyoreh. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  30. ^ "Cold testing complete at Barakah 3". Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  31. ^ "More delays for Barakah nuclear plant". Nuclear Engineering International. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  32. ^ "Fuel loading completion marks UAE's entry onto global nuclear power stage". 3 March 2020.
  33. ^ "UAE's first reactor starts supplying power". World Nuclear News. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  34. ^ "First Commercial Nuclear Plant In Arab World Begins Commercial Operation". 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  35. ^ "Barakah 1". Power Reactor Information System (PRIS). International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  36. ^ "Nuclear Power in the United Arab Emirates". Information Papers: Country Briefings. World Nuclear Association (WNA). July 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  37. ^ a b "Major components installed at final Barakah unit". World Nuclear News. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  38. ^ a b "Barakah / Unit 2 Begins Commercial Operation At Arab World's First Nuclear Station". Nucnet. 24 March 2022.
  39. ^ "Barakah 2". Power Reactor Information System. IAEA. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  40. ^ a b "Third Barakah unit begins commercial operation". World Nuclear News. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  41. ^ "Barakah 3". PRIS. IAEA. 10 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  42. ^ "Grid connection for third Barakah unit". Word Nuclear News. 10 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  43. ^ a b "Barakah 4 landmark announced as World Nuclear Symposium gets under way". World Nuclear News. 5 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  44. ^ "Barakah 4". PRIS. IAEA. 21 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  45. ^ "Construction Program". Construction Program. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  46. ^ "Commercial Operations Begin At Unit 1 Of Barakah Nuclear Power Plant". Utilities Middle East. 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  47. ^ "Third unit completed at Barakah : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org.
  48. ^ World Nuclear News (21 July 2022). "Barakah 4 completes hot functional tests". Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  49. ^ "Fourth Barakah unit connected to grid". World Nuclear News. 25 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  50. ^ "List of Outcomes: Official Visit of HH Sheikh Khalid bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi to India". Press Information Bureau. Prime Minister's Office, Government of India. 9 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  51. ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (9 September 2024). "India, UAE sign civil nuclear energy agreement". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  52. ^ "Exclusive: Qatar asks IAEA to intervene over 'threat' posed by UAE..." Reuters. 20 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  53. ^ De Clercq, Geert (20 March 2019). "Qatar says UAE nuclear plant is threat to regional stability". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019.
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