Vamsharaj Pande
 | This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. (March 2017) |
Vamsharaj Pande | |
|---|---|
| श्री देवान साहेब वंशराज पाँडे | |
 Portrait of Vamsharaj Pande | |
| Dewan of Kingdom of Nepal | |
| In office 1776- c.1779 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Swarup Singh Karki |
| In office c.1782-1785 | |
| Preceded by | Sarbajit Rana Magar |
| Succeeded by | Abhiman Singh Basnyat |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1739 A.D. Gorkha district, Nepal |
| Died | 21 April 1785 Hanuman Dhoka Palace, Basantapur, Kathmandu |
| Parent |
|
| Relatives | Ranashur Pande (brother) Damodar Pande (brother) Kirtiman Singh Basnyat (nephew) |
| Military service | |
| Rank | Kaji |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Kirtipur Battle of Bhaktapur Battles of Unification of Nepal |
Vamsharaj Pande (a.k.a. Bamsa Raj Pande, Vansha Raj Pande, or Bangsha Raj Pande) (Nepali: वंशराज पाँडे; translit. vaṃśarāja pām̐ḍe) was a Nepalese politician, military officer and minister of state. He was a significant army commander of Kingdom of Nepal in the second half of the 18th century. He was a follower of Bahadur Shah of Nepal and had a significant rivalry with Swaroop Singh Karki.
Early life and family
[edit]He was born the eldest son of Kaji of Gorkha Kingdom Kalu Pande in 1739 A.D.[1] He had two brothers, Ranashur Pande and Damodar Pande,[2] and a sister, Chitravati Pande, who was married to Kaji Kehar Singh Basnyat of the noble Basnyat family.[3]
Career
[edit]Vamsharaj was made a Kaji on Marwat policy[note 1] in V.S. 1819 (1762 A.D.).[4] On 20 January 1763, Vamsha Raj Pande won a battle against Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal.[5] On 14 April 1769 A.D., he was the army commander who led the Gorkhali attack in the Battle of Bhaktapur.[6] After consolidation of Kathmandu valley states, King Prithvi Narayan Shah waged war against western Chaubise (24) Confederacy on 1770 under the military leadership of Kaji Bamsharaj, Kaji Kehar Singh Basnyat and Sardar Prabhu Malla and achieved initial success.[7][8] On 1771, the Gorkhali forces lost the war against Chaubise (24) principalities and Kaji Kehar Singh Basnyat died on the battlefield. In the same war, Bamsharaj was captured by soldiers of Parbat Kingdom as war prisoner.[9][10] His subordinate commanders Dhaukal Singh Basnyat and Sriharsha Pantha escaped with difficulty after the tough confrontation at Dhor.[11] The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that he had carried the title of Dewan along with Swaroop Singh Karki.[12] It was the time when he had just returned from the Parbat prison.[12]
Chaubisi confederacy attacked Gorkha Kingdom on Sirhanchowk Gadhi (fort) at north and established their own position on 2 January 1782 A.D.[13] Commander Garud Dhoj Pant of Tanahun Kingdom launched attack on Gorkhali side with combined army of Lamjung and Parbat and also included soldiers from Kaski, Palpa and Pyuthan.[13] Queen Rajendra Lakshmi Devi wanted ultimate destruction of trade route of Lamjung. Thus, Bamsharaj was called back from his exile in Bettiah to launch attack on Lamjung Kingdom.[14][15] Queen regent Rajendra Laxmi Devi also called up exiled courtier and his rival Swaroop Singh Karki to attack on Lamjung Kingdom. [11][14] A reconciliation was reached between both courtiers.[11] Subsequently, Vamsharaj imposed economic blockade over Lamjung.[15] Bamsharaj's youngest brother Damodar Pande also took part in the attack.[14]
Vamsharaj had fought battles against Makwanpur, Timal and Sindhuli in 1762, Kirtipur in 1764, Chihan Danda in 1766, Tanahun in 1770, Pauwa Gadh in 1776, and Lamjung in 1783 A.D.[16]
Death at Bhandarkhal
[edit]Bamsha Raj was beheaded on the conspiracy of Queen Rajendra Laxmi with the help of supporters including senior minister Kaji Swarup Singh Karki.[17][18] In the special tribunal meeting at Bhandarkhal garden, east of Kathmandu Durbar, Swaroop Singh held Bamsa Raj liable for letting the King of Parbat, Kirtibam Malla, to run away in the battle a year before.[19] He was declared guilty and was executed by beheading on the tribunal.[20] Daniel Wright points out that King Rana Bahadur Shah was responsible for giving Bamsha Raj the death penalty.[21] Historian Rishikesh Shah and Ganga Karmacharya claim that he was executed on March 1785.[17][18] Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya and Tulsi Ram Vaidya claim that he was executed on 21 April 1785.[19][20] On 2 July 1785, Prince Regent Bahadur Shah of Nepal who was aligned to him was arrested.[17][18]
Title of premiership
[edit]Daniel Wright mentions him as the Mantri-Nayak (Prime Minister) under the King Rana Bahadur Shah.[21] The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that he had carried the title of Dewan (equivalent to Prime Minister) along with Swaroop Singh Karki.[12] He had a great constant rivalry with Swaroop Singh Karki in the reign of King Pratap Singh Shah.[22]
References
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Marwat policy refers as military recruitment of a person, mainly sons, in the position of his father who was killed in a war.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Khatri 1999, p. 23.
- ^ Khatri 1999, p. 16.
- ^ Regmi 1995, p. 44.
- ^ Acharya 1967, p. 402.
- ^ "History of the Nepalese Army". Nepalese Army. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- ^ Vaidya 1993, p. 163.
- ^ Shaha 2001, p. 59.
- ^ Regmi 1975, p. 229.
- ^ Vaidya 1993, p. 165.
- ^ Mainali 2006, p. 74.
- ^ a b c Regmi 1975, p. 305.
- ^ a b c Regmi 1975, p. 272.
- ^ a b Karmacharya 2005, p. 41.
- ^ a b c Karmacharya 2005, p. 42.
- ^ a b Khatri 1999, p. 28.
- ^ Hamal 1995, p. 201.
- ^ a b c Karmacharya 2005, p. 46.
- ^ a b c Shaha 2001, p. 62.
- ^ a b Bajracharya 1992, p. 35.
- ^ a b "The Role of Swarup Singh Karki During the Second Half of the 18th Century Nepal" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-01-14.
- ^ a b Wright 1877, p. 260.
- ^ Shaha 1990, p. 43.
Sources
[edit]- Acharya, Baburam (1967), Sri Panca Badamaharajadhiraja Prthvinarayana Saha: Samdipta Jivani, I. Sam.1723-75 (in Nepali), vol. 2–3, Kathmandu: Sri Panca Maharajadhiraja Press Sachivalaya
- Karmacharya, Ganga (2005), Queens in Nepalese Politics: an account of roles of Nepalese queens in state affairs, 1775-1846, Nepal: Educational Publishing House, ISBN 9789994633937
- Bajracharya, Bhadra Ratna (1992), Bahadur Shah, the regent of Nepal, 1785 - 1794 A.D., Nepal: Anmol Publications, ISBN 9788170416432
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1995), Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire, 1768–1814, Orient Longman, ISBN 9788125005117
- Vaidya, Tulsi Ram (1993), Prithvinaryan Shah, the founder of Nepal, Anmol Publications, ISBN 9788170417019
- Wright, Daniel (1877), History of Nepal, Cambridge University Press
- Khatri, Shiva Ram (1999), Nepal Army Chiefs:Short Biographical Sketches, University of Michigan: Sira Khatri
- Regmi, D.R. (1975), Modern Nepal, vol. 1, Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, ISBN 0883864916
- Shaha, Rishikesh (1990), Modern Nepal 1769–1885, Riverdale Company, ISBN 0-913215-64-3
- Shaha, Rishikesh (2001), An Introduction of Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar
- Hamal, Lakshman B. (1995), Military history of Nepal, Sharda Pustak Mandir, p. 125, OCLC 32779233
- Mainali, Pramod (2006), Milestones of history, vol. 2, Pramod Mainali, ISBN 9789994696048