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At its founding ceremony in 1869, n was named Bakersfield in honor of Colonel Thomas Baker. The [[California Gold Rush]] brought him to California,<ref name=Historic>{{Cite book|author=Mildred Brooke Hoover, Douglas E. Kyle|title=Historic Spots in California|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=9780804717342|year=1990|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p2WrAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=1_1#PPA128,M1|page=128}}</ref> and he moved to the banks of the [[Kern River]] in 1863.<ref name=Historic/> In 1862 disastrous floods had swept away the settlement founded there in 1860 by the [[Germany|German-born]] Christian Bohna,<ref name=Historic/> and the area's name changed from Kern Island to Baker's Field.<ref name=Historic/>
At its founding ceremony in 1869, n was named Bakersfield in honor of Colonel Thomas Baker. The [[California Gold Rush]] brought him to California,<ref name=Historic>{{Cite book|author=Mildred Brooke Hoover, Douglas E. Kyle|title=Historic Spots in California|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=9780804717342|year=1990|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p2WrAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&lr=&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=1_1#PPA128,M1|page=128}}</ref> and he moved to the banks of the [[Kern River]] in 1863.<ref name=Historic/> In 1862 disastrous floods had swept away the settlement founded there in 1860 by the [[Germany|German-born]] Christian Bohna,<ref name=Historic/> and the area's name changed from Kern Island to Baker's Field.<ref name=Historic/>


By 1870, with a population of 600, Bakersfield was becoming the principal town in Kern County.<ref name=Historic/> In 1873 it was officially incorporated as a city,<ref name=Historic/> by 1874 it officially replaced the dying town of [[Havilah, California|Havilah]] as the county seat.<ref name=Historic/> By 1880, the town had a population of 801, and by 1890, it had a population of 2,626. Migration from [[Texas]], [[Louisiana]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Southern California]] brought new residents, who were mostly employed by the oil industry. By 1980, Bakersfield's population was about 105,000. During the next 20 years, Bakersfield's population exploded and surpassed 250,000 by 2000. Bakersfield is now one of the major cities of California.<ref name=Historic/>
By 1870, with a population of 600, Bakersfield was becoming the principal town in Kern County.<ref name=Historic/> In 1873 it was officially incorporated as a city,<ref name=Historic/> by 1874 it officially replaced the dying town of [[Havilah, California|Havilah]] as the county seat.<ref name=Historic/> By 1880, the town had a population of 801, and by 1890, it had a population of 2,626. Migration from [[Texas]], [[Louisiana]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Southern California]] brought new residents, who were mostly employed by the oil industry. By 1980, Bakersfield's population was about 105,000. During the next 20 years, Bakersfield's population exploded and surpassed 250,000 by 2000. Bakersfield is now one of the major cities of California.<ref name=Historic/>Gerordo is gay


===1952 earthquake===
===1952 earthquake===

Revision as of 18:08, 10 November 2010

"Bakersfield" redirects here. For other uses, see Bakersfield (disambiguation).
Bakersfield
City
City of Bakersfield
Downtown Bakersfield with City Hall and Police Headquarters at left and Hall of Records at right
Downtown Bakersfield with City Hall and Police Headquarters at left and Hall of Records at right
Flag of Bakersfield
Flag
Official seal of Bakersfield
Seal
Nickname(s): 
California's Country Music Capital,B-Town,Bakers,Bako,
Location of Bakersfield, California
Location of Bakersfield, California
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyKern
Founded1869
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • MayorHarvey Hall [1]
 • City ManagerAlan Tandy [2]
 • Finance DirectorNelson Smith [3]
 • City ClerkPamela A. McCarthy [4]
Area
 • City140.53 sq mi (296.3 km2)
 • Land139.23 sq mi (292.9 km2)
 • Water1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2)  1.14%
Elevation
[5]
408 ft (123 m)
Population
 (January 1, 2008)
 • City333,819
 • Density2,184.4/sq mi (843.4/km2)
 • Metro
827,173
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
93301 - 93314
Area code661
FIPS code06-03526
GNIS feature ID1652668
Websitewww.bakersfieldcity.us

Bakersfield is a city at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley in Kern County, California. It is roughly equidistant between Fresno and Los Angeles, 110 mi (180 km) to the north and south respectively. According to the official Bakersfield, CA travel web site www.visitbakersfield.com, Bakersfield is the 11th fastest growing city in California.[6]

In 2008, the city's population was estimated to be 322,818,[7] making it the 11th largest city in California and the 58th largest city in the United States according to U.S. Census estimates. The Bakersfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) has a population of 800,458 making it the 63rd largest metropolitan area in the country.[8] It is California's third largest inland city, after Fresno and Sacramento. The city's economy relies on agriculture, petroleum extraction and refining, and manufacturing.

History

Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of small hunter-gatherer bands in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley dating to at least eight thousand years ago.[9] The Yokuts Indians lived in Lodges [10] along the branches of the Kern River Delta and hunted antelope, tule elk, deer, grizzly bear, fish, and game birds. In 1776, the Spanish missionary Father Francisco Garcés became the first European to explore the area. Owing to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, however, the Yokuts were spared intensive contact until the 1820s when Mexican settlers began to settle the area. Following the discovery of gold in California in 1848, settlers flooded into the San Joaquin Valley and carried out a campaign to drive the Yokuts off their land.[11] In his December 20, 1849 Inaugural Address, the first governor of California Peter Hardeman Burnett remarked "That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct, must be expected".[12] Between the years of 1851-1854, the total amount of claims submitted to State of California Comptroller for Expeditions against the Indians (by militias) was $1,293,179.20.[13] As a consequence of 18 unratified (and highly controversial) treaties between California Indians and the United States government, the Yokuts were removed from their lands and a reservation system was eventually established for them.[14] A few surviving groups can be found in area rancherias and reservations.

In 1851, gold was discovered along the Kern River in the southern Sierra Nevada, and in 1865, oil was discovered in the valley.[15] The Bakersfield area, once a tule-reed-covered marshland, was first known as Kern Island to the handful of pioneers who built log cabins there in 1860. The area was subject to flooding from the Kern River, which occupied what is now the downtown area, and experienced outbreaks of malaria.[16]

Founding

The old Southern Pacific Railroad building, currently the crew change depot for north and southbound Union Pacific Railroad trains. Old Town Kern is located primarily around Baker Street, near the former town of Sumner. It competed to be the commercial downtown, eventually losing to the present location west of Old Town.

At its founding ceremony in 1869, n was named Bakersfield in honor of Colonel Thomas Baker. The California Gold Rush brought him to California,[17] and he moved to the banks of the Kern River in 1863.[17] In 1862 disastrous floods had swept away the settlement founded there in 1860 by the German-born Christian Bohna,[17] and the area's name changed from Kern Island to Baker's Field.[17]

By 1870, with a population of 600, Bakersfield was becoming the principal town in Kern County.[17] In 1873 it was officially incorporated as a city,[17] by 1874 it officially replaced the dying town of Havilah as the county seat.[17] By 1880, the town had a population of 801, and by 1890, it had a population of 2,626. Migration from Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Southern California brought new residents, who were mostly employed by the oil industry. By 1980, Bakersfield's population was about 105,000. During the next 20 years, Bakersfield's population exploded and surpassed 250,000 by 2000. Bakersfield is now one of the major cities of California.[17]Gerordo is gay

1952 earthquake

Main article: 1952 Kern County earthquake
The First Baptist Church building, which survived the 1952 earthquake and is now a commercial use structure, is one of several building in Bakersfield listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

On July 21, 1952 an earthquake struck at 4:52 a.m. Pacific Standard Time.[18] The earthquake, which was felt from San Francisco to the Mexican border, destroyed the nearby communities of Tehachapi and Arvin. The earthquake's destructive force also bent cotton fields into U shapes, slid a shoulder of the Tehachapi Mountains across all four lanes of the Ridge Route, collapsed a water tower creating a flash flood, and destroyed the railroad tunnels in the mountain chain.[citation needed] Bakersfield was spared, experiencing minor architectural damage without loss of life. The earthquake measured 7.3 on the Richter Scale.

A large aftershock occurred on July 29, and did minor architectural damage, but raised fears that the flow of the Friant-Kern Canal could be dangerously altered, potentially flooding the city and surrounding areas.

Aftershocks, for the next month, had become normal to Bakersfield residents, until August 22 at 3:42 p.m. a 5.8 earthquake struck directly under the town's center in the most densely populated area of the Southern San Joaquin Valley. The town did have some good fortune, however, as the quake struck late on a Friday afternoon when businesses were already closed down or beginning to close down. Four people died in the aftershock, and many of the town's historic structures were permanently lost.

Geography

Truxtun Tower, also referred to as the Bank of America Building, is the tallest in downtown and the second tallest building in Bakersfield.

Bakersfield lies near the southern "horseshoe" end of the San Joaquin Valley, with the southern tip of the Sierra Nevada just to the east.[19] The city limits extend to the Sequoia National Forest, at the foot of the Greenhorn Mountain Range and at the entrance to the Kern Canyon.[20] To the south, the Tehachapi Mountains feature the historic Tejon Ranch. To the west is the Temblor Range, behind which is the Carrizo Plain National Monument and the San Andreas Fault. The Temblor Range is approximately 35 miles (56 km) from Bakersfield across the valley floor.[21]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 114.4 square miles (296 km2), of which 113.1 sq mi (293 km2) is land (98.86%) and 1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2) is water (1.14%).

Bakersfield lies approximately 100 miles (160 km) north of Los Angeles (about a 1½-hour drive on I-5 and State Route 99) and about 300 miles (480 km) southeast of the state capital, Sacramento (about a 4½-hour drive on State Route 99).

Communities and neighborhoods

A panoramic view of Bakersfield, taken from Stockdale Tower, the tallest building in the city, facing east/northeast. The office buildings in the foreground make up a mini financial district and regional offices for many oil companies that operate in the region; the major street to their right is California Avenue. Towards the upper right is downtown Bakersfield, marked by the black-with-white-roof Truxtun Tower (the 2nd tallest building in the city). The area rising in the background-right is East Bakersfield. The mountain range in the background are the Greenhorn Mountains.
See also: List of neighborhoods in Bakersfield
The Bakersfield Sign, once spanning the old State Route 99, is a landmark.

Bakersfield has historically referred to its regions by directional names. They are: Central Bakersfield, North Bakersfield, Northeast, East Bakersfield, Southeast, South Bakersfield, Southwest, and Northwest. With the exception of Central and East Bakersfield, all regions extend to the city limits. East Bakersfield generally refers to the formal town of Sumner (later renamed East Bakersfield). As a result, the Northeast wraps around East Bakersfield.[22]

Regions are further broken down into neighborhoods and districts. Unlike regions, their boundaries are not as firmly established and tend to vary from person to person. Most of Bakersfield’s named neighborhoods tend to refer to upper-class areas. Most are centered around a golf course, either public or private.

In addition, within Bakersfield there are several unincorporated communities. Historically these communities were rural. As the city grew through annexation it reached the boundaries of these communities, and in some cases surrounded them, resulting in very irregular city boundaries. In a couple of instances, the city has completely surrounded an unincorporated community, creating "islands" of county jurisdiction within the city.

Climate

Dense Tule fog in Bakersfield, California. Visibility in this photo is less than 500 feet.

Bakersfield has an arid climate (Koppen BSh),[23] with long hot, dry summers, and brief, moderate, and comparatively wet winters. In fact, Bakersfield is one of the sunniest cities in the U.S. (just behind Yuma, Arizona and Palm Springs, California). [citation needed] Bakersfield enjoys long-lasting, mild autumns and early springs, giving the region a unique climate suitable for growing a wide variety of crops (ranging from citrus to carrots to almonds and pistachios). Rainfall averages only 6.5 inches (165 mm) annually, mostly falling during winter and spring. Typically, no rain falls from May through September.

Summers see extended stretches of hot weather, with 108 days per year above 90 °F (32 °C);[24] in addition, there are46 days above 100 °F (38 °C) from late May to mid-September,[24] and a 110 °F (43 °C) day can be seen every few years. Winters feature mild daytime temperatures, but frost can be occasionally seen, often coming with dense Tule fog and low visibility, causing many schools to have fog delays as long as three hours. The official time frame for Tule fog to form is from November 1 to March 31.[25]

Snow is rare on the valley floor; however, it does snow in Bakersfield about once every 20 to 30 years.[26] The last time it snowed was on January 25, 1999 when Bakersfield received 6 inches (150 mm).[27] The record maximum temperature was 118 °F (48 °C) on July 28, 1908, and the record minimum temperature was 12 °F (−11 °C) on January 3, 1908.[28] The most rainfall in one month was 5.36 inches (136 mm) in February 1998, and the maximum 24-hour rainfall was 2.29 inches (58 mm) on February 9, 1978.[24]

The American Lung Association ranked Bakersfield as the most ozone-polluted city in the nation in 2006.[29] It was also ranked as the second-most polluted city in terms of both short-term and year-round particle pollution.[30][31] In Peter Greenberg's book Don't Go There!, Bakersfield is mentioned for its high ozone levels, and postulates that its rapid increase in size is causing the increasing rate of pollution from new construction.[32]

Climate data for Bakersfield, California
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 56.3
(13.5) 		63.5
(17.5) 		68.3
(20.2) 		75.7
(24.3) 		83.8
(28.8) 		91.6
(33.1) 		96.9
(36.1) 		95.4
(35.2) 		89.4
(31.9) 		79.5
(26.4) 		65.3
(18.5) 		56.1
(13.4) 		76.8
(24.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 39.3
(4.1) 		43.0
(6.1) 		46.2
(7.9) 		49.6
(9.8) 		56.8
(13.8) 		63.7
(17.6) 		69.2
(20.7) 		68.4
(20.2) 		63.9
(17.7) 		54.9
(12.7) 		44.2
(6.8) 		38.2
(3.4) 		53.1
(11.7)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.18
(30) 		1.21
(31) 		1.41
(36) 		0.45
(11) 		0.24
(6.1) 		0.12
(3.0) 		0
(0) 		0.08
(2.0) 		0.15
(3.8) 		0.30
(7.6) 		0.59
(15) 		0.76
(19) 		6.49
(165)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.0 6.5 6.9 3.4 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.4 1.2 1.7 3.8 5.1 38.3
Average relative humidity (%) 53.0 71.5 63.5 55.0 45.0 39.5 36.0 38.0 41.0 45.5 55.0 67.0 50.8
Source 1: NOAA [24]
Source 2: ClimateZone.com [33]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880801—
18902,626227.8%
19004,83684.2%
191012,727163.2%
192018,63846.4%
193026,01539.6%
194029,25212.4%
195034,78418.9%
196056,84863.4%
197069,51522.3%
1980105,61151.9%
1990174,82065.5%
2000247,05741.3%
2009 (est.)333,179
Source:US Census[34]

According to the 2000 census,Template:GR there were 247,057 people, 83,441 households, and 60,995 families residing in Bakersfield. The population density was 2,184.4 people per square mile (843.4/km²). There were 88,262 housing units at an average density of 780.4/sq mi (301.3/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 61.87% White, 9.16% Black or African American, 1.40% Native American, 4.33% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 18.68% from other races, and 4.43% from two or more races. 32.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 83,441 households out of which 42.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 15.5% were female householders with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 21.5% of households consisted of a single individual; 7.2% were additionally age 65 or older. 42.5% of households claimed children under age 18. The average household size was 2.92, and the average family size was 3.41.

By age, the population was spread out with 32.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were age 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household was $39,982, and the median income for a family was $45,556. The median income for males was $38,834, compared to $27,148 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,678. About 14.6% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Bakersfield has consistently ranked as one of the least educated metropolitan areas in the United States.[35][36] A study by the Brookings Institution using 2008 data found that the proportion of Bakersfield metro adults age 25 and over with a bachelor's degree was the lowest (14.7%) of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States; that 100th place finish was down from being ranked 95th in 1990.[37]

Housing and development

Bakersfield has been known for being a fast-growing city and has seen its population more than triple over nearly 30 years from approximately 105,000 in 1980 to 333,000 in 2009. Although the city is still growing, its growth rate has slowed in recent years due to the economic recession and high home foreclosure rates.

Bakersfield's city limits continue to expand due to a "hopscotch" pattern of housing development. Westward annexation, which could eventually subsume the area between the base of the Sierra Nevada range and the Temblor Range, has led some planners to consider incorporating a new city to govern the area of to the west of the city along with a proposed new town called *Centennial would help house the rapid growth of Bakersfield. [citation needed]

The city of Shafter, a small farming town north of Bakersfield, has filed a suit to limit the northern expansion of Bakersfield's city limits. Shafter has also annexed large pieces of farmland to its east and south to ensure that Bakersfield does not envelop its southern area. [citation needed]

The large bluff and plateau which lie east of Bakersfield—toward the Rio Bravo and Kern Canyon area—have been under development for the last sixty years. Because the steep, north-facing edge of the bluff provides a view of the foothills, mountains, oil fields, and Kern River, the city government has attempted to balance development and preservation in this area. In addition, city leaders recognize the possibility that extensive development may lead to erosion and landslides.[citation needed] It is estimated by local officials that Bakersfield and its outlying suburbs will reach a population of over one million people by 2020.[citation needed]

Economy

Bakersfield’s historic and primary industries have related to Kern County’s two main industries, oil and agriculture. Kern County is the most oil productive county in America, with approximately 10% of the nation’s domestic production.[38] Kern County is a part of the highly productive San Joaquin Valley, and ranks in the top five most productive agricultural counties in the nation.[38] Major crops for Kern County include: grapes, citrus, almonds, carrots, alfalfa, cotton, and roses.[39] The city serves as the home for both corporate and regional headquarters of companies engaged in these industries.

Bakersfield also has a growing manufacturing and distribution sector. Several companies have moved to Bakersfield because of its inexpensive land and access to the rest of America, as well as international ports in both Los Angeles and Oakland.[40] Other companies have opened regional offices and non-oil/agricultural businesses because of Bakersfield’s and Kern County’s business friendly policies, such as having no local utility or inventory taxes.[38] Products manufactured in the city include: ice cream (world’s largest ice cream plant), central vacuums, highway paint, and stock racing cars.[41]

Bakersfield is the largest city with the lowest sales tax in California at the state minimum of 8.25%.

Top Employers

According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[42] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 County of Kern 10,185
2 Grimmway Farms 4,400
3 The Giumarra Companies 4,000
4 Catholic Healthcare West 3,000
5 Bolthouse Farms 2,350
6 Sun World 1,600
7 City of Bakersfield 1,474
7 Chevron 1,440
9 San Joaquin Community Hospital 1,304
10 California State University, Bakersfield 1,100

Public safety

Law enforcement is provided by the Bakersfield Police Department. Fire protection is provided by the Bakersfield Fire Department.

The Bakersfield Police Department patch

Bakersfield Police Department

Main article: Bakersfield Police Department

The Bakersfield Police Department (BPD) is the agency responsible for law enforcement within the City of Bakersfield, California in the United States. It has over 400 officers and staff, covering an area of 131 square miles (296.3 km2) serving an urban population of more than 800,000. The current chief of the department (as of 2010) is Greg Williamson. The department protects the city, split between two areas: West area and East area, with stations in each area aside from the main department headquarters. The department administration is made up of the chief of department, two assistant chiefs, four captains and eleven lieutenants.[43]

The department headquarters are located at 1601 Truxtun Avenue. The West area station is located at 1301 Buena Vista Road. The department shooting range is located on Truxtun Avenue, with the K-9 training school next door to the range. The department training academy is located on Norris Road in conjunction with the Kern County Sheriff's Department.

Bakersfield Fire Department

Main article: Bakersfield Fire Department

The Bakersfield Fire Department's communications division, known as ECC (Emergency Communications Center), is located in the Whiting Communications Center in Northeast Bakersfield. ECC is a joint dispatch center for the Kern County, Bakersfield City and California City Fire Departments. Built in 1988, ECC is responsible for dispatching resources over an area of approximately 8,100 square miles (21,000 km2) that includes 65 fire stations. ECC's approximate call volume is 82,000 calls a year and processes Emergency and Non-Emergency Fire and Medical 911 calls for the entire County of Kern.[44]

Crime

Further information: Bakersfield Police Department

The number of violent crimes recorded by the Bakersfield Police Department in its 2008 Crime Reports was 5,961.[45] 27 of those were murders and homicides.[46] Data collected by Bakersfield Police Department, an anti-gang program under the City of Bakersfield, shows that the city of Bakersfield has experienced an increase in gang membership and gang activity since the early 2000s.

Jails

The Bakersfield Police Department has a holding area, but In-Custody (Inmates) are transported to the Kern County Central Receiving Facility in Bakersfield. Sentenced criminals are held at the Lerdo Detention Facility, just outside the City's limits.[47] The Kern County Sheriff's Office, Detentions Bureau has an average daily inmate population of approximately 2,500 inmates.[48]

Central Receiving Facility: The primary facility for receiving inmates arrested in the Bakersfield area.[49]

Lerdo Minimum Security Facility: Part of the Lerdo Complex, this facility holds inmates of lower security levels.[50]

Lerdo Pre-Trial Facility: Part of the Lerdo Complex, this facility holds inmates of higher security levels.[51]

Lerdo Max/Med Security Facility: Part of the Lerdo Complex, this facility holds overflow inmates from the Pre-Trial Facility. [52]

Government and politics

The government of Bakersfield consists of a mayor, council, and city manager. The city council consists of seven members each of whom are elected from individual wards. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city manager is chosen by the city council. Bakersfield uses the Council–Manager form of government.

Bakersfield differs from many California cities in that it is overwhelmingly conservative. In the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, John McCain received 55.6% of the city's votes to Barack Obama's 42.9%.[53] The same year, Bakersfield cast 75.2% of its votes in favor of Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriage.[54] The city owes its socially conservative atmosphere in large part to a historically high number of migrants from Oklahoma and neighboring states during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.

Bakersfield is represented in the California State Senate by Dean Florez (D)and Roy Ashburn (R) and in the California State Assembly by Danny Gilmore (R) and Jean Fuller (R). The citizens of Bakersfield are represented in the U. S. Congress by Jim Costa (D) (CA-20) and Kevin McCarthy (R) (CA-22).

An August 2005 article by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer listed Bakersfield as the 8th-most conservative city in the US out of the 237 ranked cities, listing it as the most conservative city in California.[55]

Education

CSUB's Walter Stiern Library

Two of the earliest schools founded in Kern County were Mrs. Thomas Baker's school, opened in 1863 at the Baker home (near present-day 19th and N Streets); and a Catholic parochial school opened by Reverend Father Daniel Dade in 1865 in Havilah (then the county seat). In 1880, Norris School was established. The land for this school was donated by William Norris, a local farmer. Thirteen to twenty students were taught in its one classroom during the 1880s. Bakersfield City School District (BCSD) is the state's largest elementary school district. The first high school in Bakersfield, Kern County Union High School, opened in 1893. It was renamed Bakersfield High School after World War II.

Bakersfield College

The site at California Avenue and F Street is the location of the first campus of Bakersfield College, which was established in 1913 and relocated in 1956 to its current location overlooking the Panorama Bluffs in northeast Bakersfield. Bakersfield College has an enrollment of 16,000 students. To serve a growing baby-boomer population after World War II, the Kern High School District has steadily expanded to nineteen campuses and more than 35,000 students, making it the largest high school district in the state. In 1965, a university in the California State University system was founded in Bakersfield. California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB) has approximately 7,800 students. It was an NCAA Division II sports powerhouse in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) with some sports, including wrestling (PAC-10), competing in Division I. CSUB has become a Division I athletic school and is trying to begin the process of joining the Big West Conference . In 1982, Santa Barbara Business College was founded.

High schools

The Baker Street Branch Library, part of the Kern County Library system, is among the Bakersfield structures listed on the NRHP.

Bakersfield is part of the Kern High School District (KHSD), California's largest high school district,[56] comprising 28 schools and educating about 35,000 students. There are 15 high schools within the KHSD in Bakersfield:

Private high schools include Garces Memorial High School, Bakersfield Christian High School , and Bakersfield Adventist Academy.

Colleges and universities

Bakersfield College

File:Bakersfield College logo.png
Main article: Bakersfield College

Bakersfield College (BC) is a public community college located in Bakersfield, California, USA. Its main campus is located on a 153-acre (0.62 km2) plot in northeast Bakersfield, and it also operates two satellite campuses: the Weill Institute in downtown Bakersfield, and at the Delano Center in Delano, California, approximately 35 miles (56 km) north of Bakersfield. BC serves more than 18,000 students each semester and is part of the Kern Community College District (KCCD). Currently there are a total of 184 Associate's degree and certificate programs for students to choose from. BC is a part of the California Community Colleges system.

California State University: Bakersfield

File:CSUB-seal.png
CSUB's logo
Main article: California State University, Bakersfield

California State University, Bakersfield (often abbreviated CSUB or shortened to CSU Bakersfield or Cal State Bakersfield) is a public university located in Bakersfield, California and was founded in 1965. CSUB opened in 1970 on a 375 acre (1.5 km²) campus, becoming the 19th school in the California State University system. The university offers 31 bachelor's, 22 master's degree programs, and one doctoral program, the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). As of Fall 2002, some 7,700 undergraduate and graduate students attended CSUB, at either the main campus in Bakersfield or the satellite campus, Antelope Valley Center in Lancaster, California.

Other colleges

Kaplan College has a branch campus located in Bakersfield, California.

National University maintains a campus in Bakersfield.

San Joaquin Valley College has a branch campus located in Bakersfield, California.

Santa Barbara Business College has a branch campus located in Bakersfield.

University Of Phoenix has a branch campus located in Bakersfield.

University of LaVerne has a branch campus located in Bakersfield. .

Arts and culture

Many of Bakersfield's oldest and most historic restaurants are Basque,[57] including Woolgrowers, Maitia's, Noriega's, Pyrenees, Benji's, and Narducci's.

The Kern County Museum, located on Chester Avenue just north of downtown Bakersfield, boasts an extensive collection of regional artifacts. Permanent exhibits include: "Black Gold: The Oil Experience", a hands-on modern approach at showing how oil is extracted; and "The Lori Brock Children's Discovery Museum", a hands-on children's museum and a display on the influential "Bakersfield Sound" style of country music.

Events

Bakersfield hosts horse shows all year round, including local, 4H, and breed shows.

Every spring, Bakersfield hosts one of California's Scottish Games and Clan Gatherings.[58] In the late summer, the local St. George's Greek Orthodox Church hosts an annual Greek Festival.

Every year during the summer, Bakersfield hosts the Lowrider National in the Kern County Fairgrounds.

Memorial Day weekend features the Kern County Basque Festival, sponsored by the Kern County Basque Club.[59] This three-day festival features food, music, dance, and handball games.

In March, Auto Club Famoso Raceway holds the annual March Meet nostalgia drag racing event. The event dates back to the U.S. Fuel and Gas Finals held in March 1959.

Twice a year, the CSUB Indigenous Native American Club hosts a Native Gathering on the California State University Bakersfield campus at Runner Park.[60]

In mid to late September Bakersfield holds the annual Kern County Fair, which showcases the area's agricultural produce and animal husbandry, along with a rodeo, concerts, and a traditional carnival.

Previously every year and now every five years,[61] Bakersfield hosts a political conference known as the Bakersfield Business Conference. Since 1985 this conference has grown in attendance and as of 2007 the attendance numbered over 9,000. The Conference has had several notable political speakers to include Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, George Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Neil Armstrong, Norman Schwarzkopf, Colin Powell, Mike Wallace, Dan Rather, Tom Brokaw, Rush Limbaugh and Paul Harvey.[62]

Entertainment

Bakersfield has five movie multi-screen theaters: Edwards Bakersfield Stadium 14, Reading Cinemas Valley Plaza 16, Maya Cinemas Bakersfield 16, as well as two second-run theaters: Starplex Cinemas Movies 6 and Regency Theatres East Hills 10. The historic downtown Fox Theater, Bakersfield California has been renovated, and is now a venue for concerts, musicians, comedians, and movie showings.

Music

Bakersfield has its share of notable "native-born" musicians, including renowned jazz pianist David Benoit, Hall of Fame Guitarist Bill Aken (One of the first members of 'The Wrecking Crew'), and American Latin jazz musician Louie Cruz Beltran.

Country

In the 1950s and -60s, local musicians such as Bill Woods, Tommy Collins, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, and Wynn Stewart developed a streamlined country music style called the Bakersfield sound, which emphasized pedal steel guitar, the Fender Telecaster electric guitar and intense vocals. Bakersfield country was considered a spinoff of the honky-tonk style of country music that emerged from Texas, appropriate since many musicians there hailed from either Texas or surrounding states. Today, Bakersfield is third only to Nashville, Tennessee and Texas in country music fame, and Bakersfield continues to produce famous country music artists.[citation needed] The late Buck Owens' Crystal Palace is a respected concert venue, regularly featuring new recording artists as well as established country music stars. Buddy Alan (Buck's eldest son) performs with The Buckaroos (Doyle Curtsinger, Jim Shaw, Terry Christoffersen and David Wulfekuehler) regularly. Country music artist Gary Allan bases his music on the Bakersfield sound.

Rock

In 1972, Bob Weir released the song "Mexicali Blues" on his first solo album, Ace. However, the album is basically a de facto Grateful Dead album. Not only does the sound of the song pay tribute to the Bakersfield sound, the name of the city is referenced in the lyics.

In 1978, The Rolling Stones released the song "Far Away Eyes" on the album Some Girls. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards collaborated extensively on writing the song and it was recorded in late 1977. The Rolling Stones, longtime country music fans, incorporated many aspects of "Bakersfield sound" country music into this song. Bakersfield is mentioned in the first line of the song.

In the early 90s, a group of friends from the lower and middle-class parts of Northeast and East Bakersfield formed the band Korn. The members of the band attended Highland High School (Jonathan Davis and Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu ), East High School (James "Munky" Shaffer and former lead guitarist Brian "Head" Welch) and South High School (David Silveria). They quickly became innovators in the alternative metal genre by employing low-tuned 7-string guitars, along with low bass lines influenced by funk and hip-hop music. This sound later characterized the nu metal genre. Korn have sold 30 million albums worldwide, and were given the Keys to the city. Korn's frontman's brother Mark Chavez has a band of his own named Adema

Gospel

In 1974 Southern Gospel artist The Lighthouse Boys was formed.

Pete Prevost joined Sparrow Records rock band Sanctus Real in 2006.

Sports

Main article: Sports in Bakersfield
Rabobank Arena

Bakersfield is currently home to three minor league teams. They are: Blaze (Baseball, CL), Condors (Hockey, ECHL), and Jam (Basketball, D-League). In addition, Bakersfield has two colleges with strong athletics programs. Bakersfield College Renegades is a community college with 19 varsity sports, the most notable being football.[63] It competes in the Western State Conference, which is a part of the California Community College Athletic Association. California State University, Bakersfield Roadrunners is a university with 15 varsity sports, the most notable being basketball.[64] It is a part of NCAA division I and is currently attempting to join the Big West Conference.

Bakersfield is also located near a variety of racing sports. Current racing sports include: drag strip (at Famoso Raceway), dirt (at Bakersfield Speedway), and paved (at Buttonwillow Raceway). The national jet boat association holds drag boat races at Lake Ming. Bakersfield was also home to Mesa Marin Raceway, a NASCAR associated oval track, but was demolished in 2004. A replacement, the Kern River Speedway, was under construction and was expected to open by 2008, but has been delayed because of a lack of funding.[65]

Bakersfield has many venues for a variety of different sports. One of the most notable and versatile is the Rabobank Arena (formerly the Centennial Garden) which hosts concerts, shows, and sporting events. In addition, Bakersfield has facilities that can host tournament games. The Kern County Soccer Field has 24 full-size light soccer fields.[66] Also, currently under construction is the Bakersfield Sports Village. When completed, it will have 16 baseball fields, 6 football fields, and 16 soccer fields.[67]

Parks and recreation

Bakersfield also hosts various amateur sporting events, including shooting, cycling, boat drag, rugby, water skiing, soccer, youth baseball, tennis, horseshoes, and volleyball competitions. Other recreational opportunities include whitewater rafting, rock climbing, mountain biking, and skiing in the southern Sierras.

Bakersfield is also home to a large population of off-highway vehicle (OHV) enthusiasts. As of May 2001, over 18,000 OHVs were registered in Kern County.[68] On May 26, 2005, the City of Bakersfield and the State of California Parks department obtained an assignable option, using a grant from the OHV Trust funds, to purchase a prospective 11,000 acre (45 km²) site for an OHV park.[69] Ruth Coleman, Director of California State Parks, remarked, "This project responds to the needs of the Bakersfield community for increased recreation opportunities and will provide a cornerstone for the Central Valley Strategy." Several programs, including National 4-H and California Off-Road PALS, exist to train youth in proper OHV recreation.[70]

Media

The Bakersfield Californian building is also listed on the NRHP.

Due to its key position in the southern San Joaquin Valley, Bakersfield is served by several media outlets. The primary newspaper is The Bakersfield Californian, which is a direct descendant of the first paper published in the region, The Daily Courier in 1866.

The city has a number of television stations and network affiliates, including KERO-TV (ABC), KBAK-TV (CBS), KGET-TV (NBC), KBFX-CA (Fox), KABE-LP (Univision), KKEY-LP (Telemundo, KGET-DT2 (The CW) and is served by Fresno's PBS affiliate, KVPT. Bakersfield is also home to Spanish-language broadcaster Univision's only English-language station, KUVI-DT.

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Kern County

Highways

SR178 at M Street in Downtown Bakersfield.
Garces Circle
Main article: Bakersfield Freeway Network

Bakersfield is currently serviced by three freeways. State Route 99 bisects Bakersfield from north to south, while State Route 58 exists as a freeway east of SR 99, servicing the southeast part of the city and extending over the Tehachapi mountains to Tehachapi, Mojave, and Barstow. State Route 178 consists of a short segment of freeway that runs from a point near downtown to the northeastern part of the city, although there is currently no direct freeway connection between SR 99 and SR 178.

Bakersfield is also served by a short, unsigned, four-lane freeway called Alfred Harrell Highway. It was constructed between 1956 and 1958 and extends from China Grade Loop to Hart Park (a large recreation park in northeast Bakersfield). Unlike most freeways, Alfred Harrell Highway lacks the traditional signage used on divided freeways. There is also a 2-lane expressway to the east of the park. This section was originally reserved to be converted to a four-lane freeway similar to the constructed western portion.[71] If it were ever constructed, it would have two interchanges at Morning Drive and Lake Ming Road and would terminate at the SR 178 adopted alignment (not constructed).

Both SR 58 and SR 178 have planned future extensions. SR 58 western extension is known as the Centennial Corridor, and will extend the freeway west to I-5.[72] Included in the Centennial Corridor is the Westside Parkway (sometime referred to by its formal name Kern River Freeway).[73] This is a new freeway which will run through western Bakersfield, on a route parallel to the Kern River and Stockdale Highway. SR 178 western extension is known as the Crosstown Freeway/SR 178 Connection, although is was formally know as the Centennial Corridor before that name was moved to SR 58. It will connect SR 178 to the Westside Parkway.[74]

In addition to these freeway extensions, there is also a proposed network of beltways. Currently there are two beltways being considered in Bakersfield. The West Beltway would run north-south from Seventh Standard Rd. to Taft Highway. It will run parallel to Heath Road to the north and parallel to South Allen Road to the south.[75] A future extension would connect the West Beltway to SR 99 and I-5, providing a bypass to Bakersfield. The South Beltway would run east-west from SR 58 to I-5. From SR 58, it would run south, parallel to Comanche Drive until Taft Highway. From there, the freeway would turn west, and run parallel to Taft Hwy. until terminating at I-5. A future extension would extend the freeway north to SR 178 and terminate at Alfred Harrell Highway. Bakersfield also envisioned CalTrans building a North Beltway as the western extension of SR 58, but has been withdrawn in favor of the Centennial Corridor.

Bakersfield is one of the largest cities in the U.S. that is not directly linked to an Interstate highway.[76] SR 99 and SR 58 have been considered for conversion to interstates. SR 99 would be a new interstate signed either as Interstate 7 or Interstate 9, while SR 58 would be an extension of I-40 which currently terminates in Barstow. In 2005 SR 99 was added to the FHWA list of high priority corridors as “California farm to market route” and designated a NHS Future Interstate.[77][78]

Garces Memorial Circle

Garces Memorial Traffic Circle, informally known as Garces Circle or just The Circle, is the only traffic circle in Bakersfield, California. The traffic circle is located at the intersection of Chester Avenue, Golden State Avenue (State Route 204) and 30th St in Bakersfield. The Circle was originally built as a part US 99 in approximately 1932. A large 1939 sculpture of Father Francisco Garces by John Palo-Kangas rests inside the circle.

Bus

Main article: Golden Empire Transit
  • Bakersfield is served by the Golden Empire transit District.[79]
  • A total of 18 routes are operated, the majority of which serve the urbanized portion of the county which includes the city of Bakersfield.

Rail

Amtrak Station

The Bakersfield Station, opened in 2000, provides Amtrak California passenger and Amtrak Express freight rail service to the city. Previously, Bakersfield had been served by two depots; the first was located in Old Town Kern and the second was built in downtown. Bakersfield is a planned station for the proposed California High Speed Rail system.[80]

Meadows Field

Airport

Meadows Field Airport in Bakersfield was recently rebuilt and dedicated as the William M. Thomas Terminal.[citation needed] In 2009, a grant was awarded to the Airport to fix Taxiway Alpha which is to be completed by a local company around the end of October 2009.[citation needed]

Also located at the Airport: Hall Medivac Helicopter, International Flight Training Academy (a subsidiary of Japan's ANA Airlines), SRT Helicopter Flight School, and numerous other aviation mechanics and technicians.

Sister cities

Bakersfield has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

References

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  2. ^ Bakersfield, City of. "City Manager". Bakersfield, City of. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
  3. ^ Bakersfield, City of. "Financial Services". Bakersfield, City of. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
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  7. ^ California Department of Finance 2008 Population Estimate
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  9. ^ Yokuts History and Cultural Relations
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