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Paul Bader

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General der Artillerie

Paul Bader
Paul Bader seated at desk looking at a map
Paul Bader in summer 1941
Born(1883-07-20)July 20, 1883
Lahr, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany
DiedFebruary 28, 1971(1971-02-28) (aged 87)
Emmendingen, West Germany
Allegiance
Service / branch German Army
Years of service1903–44
RankGeneral der Artillerie (lieutenant general)
Commands
Battles / wars
Awards

Paul Bader (20 July 1883 – 28 February 1971) was a General der Artillerie (lieutenant general) of the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 2nd Motorized Infantry Division in the invasions of Poland and France then served as a corps commander and as Military Commander in Serbia. During his time in occupied Yugoslavia troops under his command engaged in several major anti-Partisan operations, within both the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia and in the Independent State of Croatia.

Early service and World War I

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Bader joined the Prussian Army in 1903 at the age of 20, as an Einjährig-Freiwilliger (volunteer reserve officer) and was subsequently accepted as a Fahnenjunker (officer candidate) and attended the Kriegsschule (War School). While awaiting his commission he was appointed as a Fähnrich (junior non-commissioned officer) in the 66th Field Artillery Regiment of the 39th Division. He was commissioned into the regiment on 21 May 1906 as a Leutnant (lieutenant). In 1912, he was transferred to the 80th Field Artillery Regiment.

On 20 November 1913, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and was appointed as the adjutant to the commander of the 80th Field Artillery Regiment. The regiment was deployed to Kolmar in Alsace-Lorraine and at the outbreak of World War I they saw action along the eastern border of Germany known as the Battle of the Frontiers. The 39th Division then participated in the Race to the Sea between September and November 1914, which brought the 39th Division to a position along the Yser River in Flanders, Belgium. While on this part of the front, the 39th Division fought in the Battle of the Yser. In April 1915, Bader was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) and was appointed as the adjutant to the commander of the 39th Field Artillery Brigade. After deploying to northeastern France in early 1916 the division reinforced the German attack at Verdun. During the remainder of the war, Bader remained with the 39th Division, which fought in the Battle of the Somme, the Second Battle of the Aisne, the Battle of Passchendaele, and the German spring offensive of 1918.

Interwar years

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During the interwar years Bader remained active in the German artillery forces of the Reichswehr, and was promoted to major (major) in 1925. Between 1919 and 1928, he commanded various artillery batteries. As part of the expansion of the German military starting in 1933, Bader was promoted to oberst (colonel) and commanded several artillery regiments including the 5th Artillery Regiment and the Artillery Regiment "Ludwigsburg". He was promoted to generalmajor (brigadier) in 1935, and took command of the 2nd Infantry Division on 1 April 1937. The division was subsequently renamed the 2nd Motorised Infantry Division and Bader was promoted to generalleutnant (major general) in 1938.

World War II

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Poland and France

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When war broke out in 1939, Bader commanded the 2nd Motorized Infantry Division during the invasion of Poland, where it formed part of Heinz Guderian's XIX Corps within the 4th Army of Army Group North. In September 1939, Army Group North drove east from Western Pomerania to cut the Polish Corridor to East Prussia, then fulfilled a support role during the advance towards Brest-Litovsk.

Following the successful end of the Polish campaign, Bader's division was transferred to the west to prepare for the invasion of France. The division formed part of the XIV Corps within Panzer Group "Kleist" of Gerd von Rundstedt's Army Group A. In May and June 1940, Army Group A thrust through the Ardennes, across the Meuse and towards the Channel Ports of Dunkirk and Calais then south to outflank the Maginot Line. Bader commanded the 2nd Motorised Division until October 1940 when it returned to Germany and was re-organised as the 12th Panzer Division. In October 1940, Bader was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Motorised Infantry Division which had also returned to Germany to be re-fitted as a fully motorised division in preparation for Operation Barbarossa.

Yugoslavia

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In May 1941, just before the division was committed to the attack on the Soviet Union, Bader was replaced as commander of the 3rd Motorised Infantry Division and on 1 July 1941 he was promoted to General der Artillerie (lieutenant general) and was appointed as the commander of the Higher Command LXV, which was essentially a corps headquarters commanding four garrison divisions stationed in occupied Yugoslavia, three in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia and one in the Independent State of Croatia.[1] After assisting with the crushing of the uprising in Serbia, Bader became the Plenipotentiary General in Serbia on 6 December 1941, then in February 1942 was re-titled the Commanding General and Military Commander in Serbia.

Bader ordered on January 3 1942 that admitting Jews into their homes and hiding their things and value papers is punishable by death.[2] On February 8 he ordered that saboteurs should be executed, hanged on the spot if possible to terrify the population and that only in special cases hostages can be taken.[3] On October 10 Bader decided that disappeared German soldiers should be counted as dead for retributions.[4] Massacre in Kriva Reka during Operation Kopaonik committed by SS Prinz Eugen became huge news in Serbia and people started talking about terror of SS Prinz Eugen. Bader had to warn the unit not to order similar actions without a reason, because it could cause negative consequences. He also thought that unit was "too used to Balkan methods"[5] On insistence of August Meyszner, Bader ordered additional measures against resistance on October 5 accord to which family members of uprisers could either be fined, sent to Germany as forced labour or executed in reprisals on August 6 1943.[6]

On 26 August 1943 he was transferred to command the newly created XXI Mountain Corps in Albania, however he was only in this position for a few months before he was placed on the Führerreserve list in October 1943 then retired on 31 March 1944, having served in the German Army for 41 years.

Death

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Paul Bader died on 28 February 1971 in Emmendingen, Germany, aged 87.

Decorations and awards

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 96.
  2. ^ Glišić 1970, p. 90.
  3. ^ Glišić 1970, p. 96.
  4. ^ Glišić 1970, p. 99.
  5. ^ Glišić 1970, p. 130.
  6. ^ Glišić 1970, p. 196.
  7. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 21.

Bibliography

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  • Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. London: Saqi. ISBN 978-0-86356-953-1.
  • Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2007). Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-1-85065-895-5.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Vol. 1. San Francisco: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0857-6.
  • Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Vol. 2. San Francisco: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3615-4.
  • Glišić, Venceslav (1970). Teror i zločini nacističke Nemačke u Srbiji 1941–1945 [Terror and Crimes of Nazi Germany in Serbia 1941–1945] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Rad. OCLC 9151138.
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