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Slazenger

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Slazenger
Company typePrivately held company (1881–1959)
Subsidiary (1959–85)
IndustrySports equipment, textile, footwear
Founded1881
FounderRalph and Albert Slazenger
Headquarters
Shirebrook, Derbyshire, England
,
United Kingdom
Area served
Worldwide
Products
ParentDunlop Rubber (1959–85)
BTR plc (1985–99)
Frasers Group (2004–present)
Websiteslazenger.com

Slazenger (/ˈslæzəndʒər/) is a British sports equipment brand owned by the Frasers Group (formerly Sports Direct).[1] One of the world's oldest sport brands, the company was established as a sporting goods shop in 1881 by entrepreneurial brothers, Ralph and Albert Slazenger, on Cannon Street, London.[2] Slazenger was acquired by Dunlop Rubber in 1959. Dunlop was acquired by BTR in 1985. Sports Direct acquired the business in 2004.

Frasers Group offers a range of products under the Slazenger label, including equipment for cricket, field hockey, golf, swimming, and tennis, and a clothing line. Slazenger produced the official football match ball for the 1966 FIFA World Cup.[3]

Slazenger has the longest-running sporting sponsorship in the world, thanks to its association with the Wimbledon Tennis Championship, providing balls for the tournament since 1902.[4][5]

History

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Tennis balls and parts manufactured by Dunlop Slazenger, on display at the Design Museum in London
Roger Federer hitting a Slazenger tennis ball at Wimbledon. The brand has sponsored the tournament since 1902, the oldest sponsorship in sport.

In 1881, Ralph and Albert Slazenger, Jewish brothers from Manchester, established a shop on London's Cannon Street, selling rubber sporting goods.[2] Slazenger quickly became a leading manufacturer of sporting equipment for golf and tennis.[2] Four years after the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club held its first-ever championships in 1877, Slazenger produced 'The New Game of Lawn Tennis' (tennis rackets and balls) complete in a box.[6] In 1883, Slazenger filed a patent for a net for table tennis.[7]

Their plant in Barnsley manufactured tennis balls and exported them round the world.[8] The plant closed in 2002, and production is now based in the Philippines.[8]

In 1902, Slazenger was appointed as the official tennis ball supplier to The Championships at Wimbledon, and it remains the longest unbroken sporting sponsorship in history.[4][8][9]

In 1910, a public company was incorporated to acquire Slazenger and Sons, "manufacturers of sports equipment, india rubber, gutta percha and waterproof goods, leather merchants and dealers",[10] which floated on the stock market.[2] In 1931, Slazenger acquired H. Gradidge and Sons.[11]

War years (1939–1945)

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During the Second World War, Slazenger, like most manufacturers of non-essential items in the UK, redirected its production to manufacture a wide variety of components for military purposes, utilising their expertise in wood and rubber manufacturing.[12]

On 15 September 1940, during the Blitz on London, incendiary bombs fell on the Slazenger factory and on the Gradidge factory in Woolwich.[13] The competing William Sykes Ltd factory at Horbury was undamaged by the bombings.[12] Slazenger and Gradidge were able to continue production at other facilities but began a series of mergers with competing companies. In 1942, it acquired William Sykes Ltd to broaden its wartime production facilities.[14] Around 1943, Slazenger acquired F. H. Ayres. Founded in 1810 by Edward Ayres, the firm manufactured a range of sporting equipment but was best known as a high-quality manufacturer of archery equipment and in particular the bow (or longbow, as it is more commonly known). Thereafter the company was known as Slazenger Sykes Gradidge and Ayres.

The following lists a snapshot of some of the company's larger contracts completed for the UK Government between 1939 and 1945, as recorded by Slazenger, Gradidge, Sykes and Ayres in 1946:

Larger Completed War Contracts
Rifle Furniture – No.4, Mark 1 858,500 sets. Each set comprising: 1 Butt, 1 Forestock, 1 each Handguard (front and rear)
95,222 butts
150,000 forestocks
200,000 hand guard, front
200,000 hand guard, rear
Lanchester SMG Machine Gun Carbine Butts 80,000
Stoppers, Leak - Wooden 430,000
Bayonet, No. 5, Mark 1, Grips, left and right hand 466,500
Stoppers, Leak - Wooden 430,000
Detonator Caps 17,500,000
Standard Snow and Sand Goggles 3,000,000
Gloves, M.T (Motor Transport) 280,335 pairs
Gloves, Workman U.S Forces 122,450 pairs
Gloves, Boxing, 8oz, laced 22,239 pairs
Gloves, Boxing, 8oz, elastic 19,394 pairs
Machetes, 15 inch Blade Sheaths 250,400

In Australia, Slazenger produced naval utility launches at Newcastle, New South Wales, for the country's war effort.

At its peak

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Official match ball of the 1966 FIFA World Cup
Match ball from the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final at the National Football Museum in Manchester, England

In its heyday, the Slazenger, Gradidge, Sykes and Ayres empire stretched across the world with either licensed distributors or agents and/or manufacturing operations with which the company had partnerships or licensing agreements. Distributors were found in New Zealand and Africa, as well as remote locations such as Iceland, Newfoundland, Madagascar and Bolivia.

Selling a brand

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In the days when wooden tennis racquets held no peer, brands such as Slazenger and Dunlop were dominant forces in the global market. However, with the rise in popularity of metal tennis racquets from the early 1980s and then the fast transition to even more popular composite materials such as fiberglass, graphite and Kevlar, more brands emerged and became popular due to their ability to meet consumer trends and demand for the new technology. Slazenger, in contrast, was slow to react. The company could not re-gear its existing factories to produce products using the new materials and there was a major existing investment in plant and raw materials. The company tried to market its product against these new products using quality as its unique selling point, but the quality level of imports quickly improved and Slazenger lost popularity and fell from prominence.

  • 1959: Ralph Slazenger Jr. sold the family business to Dunlop Rubber.[15]
  • 1985: Dunlop Rubber was purchased by BTR plc, which formed a Sports Group combining Slazenger with the Dunlop Sport branded goods.
  • 1996: BTR sold Dunlop Sport in a management buyout for £300 million – the buyout was backed by investment company Cinven. The new company was to be known as "Dunlop Slazenger".
  • 2004: CINVen sold Dunlop Slazenger to Sports Direct International for a reported £40 million,[1] who in turn sold on the rights to the Slazenger Golf brand in Europe to JJB Sports.[16]

Global rights and licensing

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Slazenger container and tennis balls at the 2012 London Olympics

The purchase of Dunlop Slazenger by Sports World International (SWI) did not confer global rights to the brand. SWI chose not to diversify the brands it acquired internally, and thus strain its own resources and finances, but to licence them globally. With Slazenger, this was achieved successfully, with the Slazenger name being seen on a wide range of products not previously associated with the brand, such as sunglasses, toiletries and push bikes.

In Australia and New Zealand, the Slazenger brand is owned and licensed by Pacific Brands, with full and exclusive rights to sell and distribute throughout those territories. From the early 2000s due to poor management sales plummeted. Rather than investing in the brand, the Slazenger management began downsizing staff numbers, closing branches, cutting back long-standing sponsorship as well as stripping back costs elsewhere within the business. Despite these radical moves the Slazenger brand still ultimately offered no real return to Pacific Brands and in 2010/11 they sub-licensed it to Spartan Sports who had been operating in Australia since 2005 and is owned by Spartan Sports in Jallandhar, India (established in 1954).

Products

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Range of products under the brand Slazenger includes:[17]

Sport / type Products
Cricket Bats, balls, team uniforms, helmets, cleat, gloves, pads
Field hockey Sticks, balls, pads, gloves, goaltender masks
Golf Clubs, balls
Swimming Swimsuits
Tennis Rackets, balls, shoes
Clothing (general) T-shirts, polo shirts, jackets, hoodies, fleece jackets, sweaters, pants, shorts, leggings
Accessories (general) Bags, watches, sunglasses

Sponsorships

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Slazenger label on a polo shirt

During its peak, many famous cricket players such as Sir Don Bradman, Sir Garfield Sobers, Sir Viv Richards, Sir Len Hutton, Denis Compton, Rohan Kanhai, Mark Waugh, Jacques Kallis, Jason Roy, James Anderson Geoffrey Boycott used Slazenger's bats and products. The Pakistan cricket team wore the Slazenger kit in their winning campaign during the 2009 ICC World Twenty20.[18]

There are also many famous golf players who have used Slazenger products, such as Jack Nicklaus, Seve Ballesteros, Tom Weiskopf, Tom Watson and Johnny Miller. Besides professional golf players, film-star Sean Connery also wore the Slazenger v-neck jumper while playing golf in his free time.[19] Furthermore, in the golf scene in the James Bond film Goldfinger (1964) which took place at Stoke Park Golf Club in Buckinghamshire, he wears a burgundy v-neck Slazenger jumper and the Slazenger brand of golf balls are shown on screen and mentioned several times in dialogue—Bond: "You play a Slazenger 1, don't you?"—as they play a key plot point.[20][21]

References

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  1. ^ a b Wood, Zoe (27 December 2016). "Sports Direct sells Dunlop for $137m". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d J. R. Lowerson, 'Slazenger, Ralph (1845–1910)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 17 Jan 2014
  3. ^ "The Footballs during the FIFA World Cup". Football Facts. FIFA. Archived from the original on 28 November 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Wimbledon: Official Partners". Wimbledon.com. Retrieved 6 June 2024. Part of the longest partnership in sporting goods history, Slazenger has been the Official Supplier of tennis balls to The Championships since 1902.
  5. ^ "A 115-year-old tale of sport's surviving sponsorships". Inside Sport. 15 October 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  6. ^ Williams, Jean (2014). A Contemporary History of Women's Sport, Part One: Sporting Women, 1850-1960. Taylor & Francis. p. 11.
  7. ^ "It's table tennis, NOT ping-pong". NBC. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  8. ^ a b c "New balls, please". The Guardian. 24 June 2002.
  9. ^ "At 113 Years and Counting, Slazenger Maintains the Longest Sponsorship in Sports". S&E Sponsorship Group. 4 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
  10. ^ The Times, 29 May 1911
  11. ^ The Times, 25 February 1932
  12. ^ a b "Slazenger Hockey Club". Slazengerhc.co.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2024. During World War 2, Slazenger was one of several sports companies to pool their collective resources in order to manufacture equipment for the war effort. When the other factories were damaged during the Blitz, the whole consolidated effort was moved to the Horbury Bridge Albion Mills in 1941.
  13. ^ "Slazenger history". SlazengerHeritage.com. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  14. ^ The Times, 14 September 1944
  15. ^ Klaus Schmidt; Chris Ludlow (2002). Inclusive Branding: The Why and How of a Holistic Approach to Brands. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-230-51329-7.
  16. ^ "Slazenger's £10m deal with JJB". Golf Business News. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  17. ^ Slazenger store on Slazenger, 16 August 2020
  18. ^ "Slazenger – All-Time Greatest". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
  19. ^ "Sean Connery and Slazengers jumpers". Slazenger Heritage. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  20. ^ "Goldfinger inspired Sean Connery's lifelong love affair with golf". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  21. ^ "Slazenger Heritage | Sport legends and iconic jumpers". slazengerheritage. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
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