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The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles, and is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue.

The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.

History

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.

Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;.^[1]^: p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.^[1]^: p.26

Until 2005, the U.S.A. was leading the world in total automobile production. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2008. In 2009, China took the top spot with 13.78 million units produced. With 18.3 million units produced 2010, China produced nearly twice the amount of second place Japan (9.6 million units), the U.S. trailed in place 3 with 7.8 million units. ^[2]

Economy

About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m³) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.^[3] The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.^[4] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.^[5]^[6]

World motor vehicle production

By year

Template:Global Production of Motorvehicles

By country

and poopstains

Template:World motor vehicle production by country in 2010

By manufacturer

Template:World motor vehicle production by manufacturer in 2010

Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:^{[citation needed]}

Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a 10% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Motors alliance. They are in the process of selling back their 40% stake (11% remaining) in McLaren Group. This process will be finalized in 2011.
Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several companies around the world, including: Honda (Japan), Hyundai (South Korea), Nissan (Japan), Nissan Diesel (Sweden), and PSA Peugeot Citroen (France).
Fiat holds a 90% stake in Ferrari and a 53.5% stake in Chrysler.
Ford Motor Company holds a 3% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin.
Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings.
General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.
Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 38.67% stake in Kia Motors, down from the 51% that it acquired in 1998.
MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% stake in Volkswagen Group. Due to liquidity problems, Volkswagen Group is now in the process of acquiring Porsche.
Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.
Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.
Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights). Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.
Volkswagen Group has a 49.9% stake in Porsche AG. Volkswagen is in the process of acquiring Porsche, which will be completed in late 2011.
Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in Volkswagen.

Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2010 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)^[7] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.^[8]^[9]

Marque	Ownership	Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Daihatsu	Subsidiary	Global, except North America and Australia
Hino	Subsidiary	Asia Pacific, North America and South America
Lexus	Division	Global
Scion	Division	North America
Toyota	Division	Global
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
Buick	Division	North America, China, Israel, Taiwan
Cadillac	Division	North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa
Chevrolet	Division	Global, except Australia, New Zealand
GMC	Division	North America, Middle East
Holden	Subsidiary	Australia, New Zealand
Opel	Subsidiary	Global, except North America, United Kingdom
Vauxhall	Subsidiary	United Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany)
Audi	Subsidiary	Global
Bentley	Subsidiary	Global
Bugatti	Subsidiary	Global
Lamborghini	Subsidiary	Global
Scania	Subsidiary	Global
SEAT	Subsidiary	Europe, South America, North Africa, Middle East
Škoda	Subsidiary	Global, except North America, Japan and South Africa
Volkswagen	Subsidiary	Global
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles	Subsidiary	Global
4. Hyundai Motor Group ( South Korea)
Hyundai	Division	Global
Kia	Division	Global, except Mexico
5. Ford Motor Company ( United States)
Ford	Division	Global
Lincoln	Division	North America, Middle East, Japan, South Korea
6. Nissan ( Japan)
Infiniti	Division	Global, except Japan, South America and Africa
Nissan	Division	Global
7. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
Acura	Division	North America, China
Honda	Division	Global
8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
Citroën	Subsidiary	Global, except North America, South Asia
Peugeot	Subsidiary	Global, except North America, South Asia
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Maruti Suzuki	Subsidiary	India, Middle East, South America
Suzuki	Division	Global
10. Renault ( France)
Dacia	Subsidiary	Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, except Japan
Renault	Division	Global, except North America, South Korea
Renault Samsung	Subsidiary	South America, Asia, except Japan and China
11. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
Abarth	Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Alfa Romeo	Subsidiary	Global
Ferrari	Subsidiary	Global
Fiat	Subsidiary	Global
Fiat Professional	Subsidiary	Global, except North America and Japan
Lancia	Subsidiary	Europe (except UK and Republic of Ireland) and Japan
Maserati	Subsidiary	Global
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
Freightliner	Division	North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand
Master	Subsidiary	Pakistan
Maybach	Division	Global
Mercedes-Benz	Division	Global
Mitsubishi Fuso	Subsidiary	Global
Orion	Subsidiary	North America
Setra	Subsidiary	Europe
Smart	Division	North America, Europe, Japan, South East Asia, South Africa
Thomas Built	Subsidiary	North America
Western Star	Subsidiary	North America, Australia, New Zealand
13. Chrysler Group, LLC ( United States)
Chrysler	Division	Global
Dodge	Division	Global
Jeep	Division	Global
Ram	Division	North America
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
BMW	Division	Global
MINI	Division	Global
Rolls-Royce	Subsidiary	Global
15. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Mazda	Division	Global
16. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
Mitsubishi	Division	Global
17. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chana	Division	China, South Africa, Europe
18. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)
Hispano	Subsidiary	Europe
Jaguar	Subsidiary	Global
Land Rover	Subsidiary	Global
Tata	Division	Global, except North America
Tata Daewoo	Subsidiary	South Korea
19. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Besturn	Division	China
Freewind	Subsidiary	China
Haima	Subsidiary	China
Hongqi	Division	China
Jiaxing	Subsidiary	China
Vita	Subsidiary	China
Xiali	Subsidiary	China
20. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Geely	Division	China, Russia, North Africa
Maple	Division	China
Volvo (Cars)	Subsidiary	Global
21. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chery	Division	China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia
Riich	Division	China
Rely	Division	China
22. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan)
Subaru	Division	Global
23. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Dongfeng	Division	China
24. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BAW	Division	China
Foton	Subsidiary	China
25. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia)
Lada	Division	Global, except North America and Portugal
VAZ	Division	Russia
26. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
BYD	Division	China, Russia
27. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan)
Isuzu	Division	Global, except North America
28. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
JAC	Division	China
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Brilliance	Division	China, North Africa
Jinbei	Subsidiary	China
30. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Great Wall	Division	China, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia
Litex Motors	Subsidiary	Europe
31. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
MG Motor	Subsidiary	United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina, China
Roewe	Division	China
Soyat	Division	China
Yuejin	Division	China
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)
Mahindra	Division	India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America
SsangYong**	Subsidiary	Global
33. Hafei Motor ( China)
Hafei	Subsidiary	China
34. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
Mack	Subsidiary	Global
Nissan Diesel	Subsidiary	Global
NovaBus	Subsidiary	North America
Prevost	Subsidiary	North America
Renault (trucks)	Subsidiary	Global, except Japan
Volvo (trucks)	Division	Global
35. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile ( China)
Changhe	Division	China
36. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. ( China)
Qingling	Division	China
37. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia)
Proton	Division	Asia Pacific (except Japan and South Africa), United Kingdom, Middle East
Lotus	Subsidiary	Global
38. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Jiangnan	Division	China
39. MAN SE ( Germany)
MAN SE	Division	Europe
40. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Lifan	Division	China
41. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company ( People's Republic of China)
Soueast	Division	China
42. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan)
Kuozui	Subsidiary	Taiwan
43. Shandong Kaima ( China)
Kaima	Division	China
Jubao	Division	China
Aofeng	Division	China
44. Porsche ( Germany)
Porsche	Subsidiary	Global
45. Chenzhou Gonow Nanyan Chifeng Vehicle ( People's Republic of China)
Gonow	Division	China
46. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. ( People's Republic of China)
Nanjun	Division	China
47. Rongcheng Huatai Motor ( People's Republic of China)
Huatai	Division	China
48. Aston Martin ( UK)
Aston Martin	Subsidiary	UK

Notes

* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.^[10] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.^[11]^[12]

** SsangYong Motor Company was acquired by India's Mahindra & Mahindra Limited in February 2011.^[13]

Minor automotive manufacturers

There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.

References

^ ^a ^b Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
^ "Production Statistics". OICA. Retrieved 9 Seitember 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ "Automobile Industry Introduction". Plunkett Research. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
^ Paul A. Eisenstein Building BRIC's: 4 Markets Could Soon Dominate the Auto World at TheDetroitBureau.com
^ Bertel Schmitt (15 February 2011). "Auto industry sets new world record". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
^ "Global Automotive Outlook for 2011 Appears Positive as Mature Auto Markets Recover, Emerging Markets Continue to Expand". J.D. Power and Associates. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 84 (help)
^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers Year 2010" (PDF). OICA. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
^ "GM Slips to Number Two Worldwide, Ford to Fourth". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
^ "TTAC Announces World's Top Ten Automakers". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
^ "Volkswagen Group - Shareholder Structure". Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. VolkswagenAG.com. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
^ "Porsche Supervisory Board agrees on the contracts of implementation" (Press release). Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
^ "Volkswagen Supervisory Board approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche" (Press release). Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
^ Nandini Sen Gupta, TNN, Feb 16, 2011, 12.56am IST (2011-02-16). "M&M seals $470m Ssangyong deal - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2011-02-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

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