Automotive industry: Difference between revisions
updated the information that wasn't correct |
updated the information that wasn't correct |
||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==Consumption trends== |
==Consumption trends== |
||
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Plunkett Research| url=http://www.plunkettresearch.com/Industries/AutomobilesTrucks/AutomobileTrends/tabid/89/Default.aspx |title=Automobile Industry Introduction|year=2008|accessdate=2010-09-09}}</ref> In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming |
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Plunkett Research| url=http://www.plunkettresearch.com/Industries/AutomobilesTrucks/AutomobileTrends/tabid/89/Default.aspx |title=Automobile Industry Introduction|year=2008|accessdate=2010-09-09}}</ref> In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming COY wont stop humming very annoying! lol christon is being dumb she put my chair downexcessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.<ref name="cst.uwinnipeg.ca">{{cite web |url=http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/documents/Transport_Greenhouse.pdf|format=PDF|title=Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems|publisher=Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy|accessdate=2008-07-22 |author=Kenworthy, J R |year=2004 }}</ref><ref name="health">{{cite web |url=http://www.euro.who.int/transport/hia/20021009_2 |title=Health effects of transport |accessdate=2008-08-29 |author=World Health Organisation, Europe}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2010}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carplus.org.uk%2FResources%2Fpdf%2FMaking_the_Connections_Final_Report_on_Transport_and_Social_Exclusion.pdf&ei=SzLBSbDFKYHaMbvwgK0N&usg=AFQjCNFCbKeT7rQ0zt7aOL5K-1OTXBm9EA&sig2=o-ASe9xe84uOEJTQt-DxuQ|format=PDF|title=Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion|accessdate=2003-02-01|author=Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK)}}</ref> {{Dead link|date=June 2010}}The [[sustainable transport]] movement focuses on solutions to these problems. |
||
==History== |
==History== |
Revision as of 17:32, 19 October 2010
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles, and is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue.
The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.
Worldwide production
In 2007, worldwide production reached a peak at a total of 73.3 million new motor vehicles.[1] In 2009, production dropped 13.5 percent to 61 million. Sales in the U.S. dropped 21.2 percent to 10.4 million units, sales in the European Union (supported by scrapping incentives in many markets) dropped 1.3 percent to 14.1 million units. China became the world's largest motor-vehicle market, by both sales and production. Sales in China rose 45 percent in 2009 to 13.6 million units.[2]
Consumption trends
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[3] In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming COY wont stop humming very annoying! lol christon is being dumb she put my chair downexcessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.[4][5][dead link] [6] [dead link]The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.
History
The first practical automobile withJOE is AWESOME a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 - from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back - that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.
Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;.[7]: p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[7]: p.26
Crisis in the automotive industry
World motor vehicle production
By year
Template:Global Production of Motorvehicles 1997-2009
By country
Template:World motor vehicle production by country
By manufacturer
Template:World motor vehicle production by manufacturer
Company relationships
It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.
Notable current relationships include:[citation needed]
- Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a 10% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Motors alliance. They are in the process of selling back their 40% stake in McLaren Group. This process will be finalized in 2011.
- Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several companies in China, including: Honda, Hyundai, Nissan, Nissan Diesel, and PSA Peugeot Citroen.
- Fiat holds a 85% stake in Ferrari and a 20% stake in Chrysler, that can be increased to 35%; with the option of increasing its stake further.
- Ford Motor Company holds a 13.4% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin.
- Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings.
- General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.
- Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 38.67% stake in Kia Motors, down from the 51% that it acquired in 1998.
- Renault Pars is a joint venture, 51 percent of which belongs to Renault of France. Forty-nine percent of Renault Pars' shares is jointly held by Iran's Industrial Development and Renovation Organization, IKCO and Saipa. The company was established in 2003.[8]
- MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
- Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% stake in Volkswagen Group. Due to liquidity problems, Volkswagen Group is now in the process of acquiring Porsche.
- Renault-Nissan Motors have an alliance involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
- Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.
- Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.
- Volkswagen Group and FAW have a joint venture.
- Volkswagen Group and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have a joint venture in Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive.
- Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 29% stake in MAN SE.
- Volkswagen Group has a 49.9% stake in Porsche AG. Volkswagen is in the process of acquiring Porsche, which will be completed in mid-2011.
- Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in Volkswagen.
Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2009 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[9] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[10][11]
Marque | Country of origin | Ownership | Markets | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Toyota Motor Corporation (![]() | ||||
Daihatsu | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America and Australia | |
Hino | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Asia Pacific, North America and South America | |
Lexus | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Scion | ![]() |
Division | North America | |
Toyota | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
2. General Motors Company (![]() | ||||
Buick | ![]() |
Division | North America, Middle East, East Asia | |
Cadillac | ![]() |
Division | Global, except South America, South Asia, South East Asia, Pacific | |
Chevrolet | ![]() |
Division | Global, except Australia, New Zealand, South Korea | |
Daewoo | ![]() |
Subsidiary | South Korea | |
GMC | ![]() |
Division | North America, Middle East | |
Holden | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Australia, New Zealand, Japan | |
Opel | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America, Japan, United Kingdom | |
Vauxhall | ![]() |
Subsidiary | United Kingdom | |
3. Volkswagen Group AG (![]() | ||||
Audi | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Bentley | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Bugatti | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Lamborghini | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Scania | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
SEAT | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Europe, South America, North Africa, Middle East | |
Škoda | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America and South Africa | |
Volkswagen | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
4. Ford Motor Company (![]() | ||||
Ford | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Lincoln | ![]() |
Division | North America, Middle East, South Korea, Japan | |
Mercury** | ![]() |
Division | North America, Middle East | |
Troller | ![]() |
Subsidiary | South America and Africa | |
5. Hyundai Motor Company (![]() | ||||
Hyundai | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Kia | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
6. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. (![]() | ||||
Citroën | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America, South Asia | |
Peugeot | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America, South Asia | |
7. Honda Motor Company (![]() | ||||
Acura | ![]() |
Division | North America, East Asia, Russia | |
Honda | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
8. Nissan Motor Company (![]() | ||||
Infiniti | ![]() |
Division | Global, except South America and Africa | |
Nissan | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
9. Fiat S.p.A. (![]() | ||||
Abarth | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
Alfa Romeo | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Ferrari | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Fiat | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Fiat Professional | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
Irisbus | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
Iveco | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
Lancia | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
Maserati | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
10. Suzuki Motor Corporation (![]() | ||||
Maruti Suzuki | ![]() |
Subsidiary | India, Middle East, South America | |
Pak Suzuki Motors | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Pakistan | |
Suzuki | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
11. Renault S.A. (![]() | ||||
Dacia | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa | |
Renault (cars) | ![]() |
Division | Global, except North America, South Asia | |
Renault Samsung | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Asia, South America | |
12. Daimler AG (![]() | ||||
Freightliner | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America, South Africa | |
Master | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Pakistan | |
Maybach | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Mercedes-Benz | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Mitsubishi Fuso | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Orion | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America | |
Setra | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
Smart | ![]() |
Division | North America, Europe, South East Asia, South Africa | |
Thomas Built | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America | |
Western Star | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America | |
13. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Chana | ![]() |
Division | China, South Africa | |
Hafei | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
14. BMW AG (![]() | ||||
BMW | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
MINI | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Rolls-Royce | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
15. Mazda Motor Corporation (![]() | ||||
Mazda | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
16. Chrysler Group, LLC (![]() | ||||
Chrysler | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Dodge | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
GEM | ![]() |
Division | North America | |
Jeep | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
Ram | ![]() |
Division | North America | |
17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (![]() | ||||
Mitsubishi | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
18. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd (![]() | ||||
BAW | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Foton | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
19. Tata Motors, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Hispano | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
Jaguar | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Land Rover | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Tata | ![]() |
Division | India, South Africa | |
Tata Daewoo | ![]() |
Subsidiary | South Korea | |
20. Dongfeng Motor Corporation (![]() | ||||
Dongfeng | ![]() |
Division | China | |
21. First Automotive Group Corporation (![]() | ||||
Besturn | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Freewind | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
Haima | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
Hongqi | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Jiaxing | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
Vita | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
Xiali | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
22. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Chery | ![]() |
Division | China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia | |
Riich | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Rely | ![]() |
Division | China | |
23. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Subaru | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
24. BYD Auto (![]() | ||||
BYD | ![]() |
Division | China, Russia | |
25. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (![]() | ||||
MG | ![]() |
Subsidiary | United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina | |
SsangYong*** | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Roewe | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Soyat | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Yuejin | ![]() |
Division | China | |
26. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
JAC | ![]() |
Division | China | |
27. Geely Automobile (![]() | ||||
Geely | ![]() |
Division | China, Russia, North Africa | |
Maple | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Volvo (Cars) | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
28. Isuzu Motors, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Isuzu | ![]() |
Division | Global, except North America | |
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Brilliance | ![]() |
Division | China, North Africa | |
Jinbei | ![]() |
Subsidiary | China | |
30. OAO AvtoVAZ (![]() | ||||
Lada | ![]() |
Division | Russia, Europe, North Africa | |
VAZ | ![]() |
Division | Russia, Europe | |
31. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Great Wall | ![]() |
Division | China, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia | |
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Mahindra | ![]() |
Division | India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America | |
33. Shandong Kaima (![]() | ||||
Kaima | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Jubao | ![]() |
Division | China | |
Aofeng | ![]() |
Division | China | |
34. Proton Holdings, Bhd (![]() | ||||
Proton | ![]() |
Division | Asia Pacific, South Africa, United Kingdom, Middle East | |
Lotus | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
35. China National Heavy Duty Truck Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Sinotruk | ![]() |
Division | China | |
36. AB Volvo (![]() | ||||
Mack | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Nissan Diesel | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
NovaBus | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America | |
Prevost | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America | |
Renault (trucks) | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
Volvo (trucks) | ![]() |
Division | Global | |
37. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Lifan | ![]() |
Division | China | |
38. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company (![]() | ||||
Soueast | ![]() |
Division | China | |
39. Kuozui Motors, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Kuozui | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Taiwan | |
40. Shaanxi Automobile Group Company, Ltd (![]() | ||||
Shaanxi | ![]() |
Division | China | |
41. Porsche (![]() | ||||
Porsche | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global | |
42. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. (![]() | ||||
Nanjun | ![]() |
Division | China | |
43. GAZ Group (![]() | ||||
GAZ | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Russia | |
KAvz | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Russia | |
LiAZ | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Russia | |
Ural | ![]() |
Division | Russia | |
44. Navistar International Corporation (![]() | ||||
IC | ![]() |
Subsidiary | North America | |
International | ![]() |
Division | North America, South Asia | |
45. Guangzhou Automobile Group (![]() | ||||
Changfeng | ![]() |
Division | China | |
46. Paccar, Inc (![]() | ||||
DAF | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Global, except North America | |
Kenworth | ![]() |
Division | North America | |
Leyland | ![]() |
Subsidiary | Europe | |
Peterbilt | ![]() |
Division | North America | |
47. Chenzhou Ji'ao (![]() | ||||
Ji'ao | ![]() |
Division | China | |
48. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. (![]() | ||||
Qingling | ![]() |
Division | China | |
49. Hebei ZXAUTO (![]() | ||||
Zhongxing | ![]() |
Division | China | |
50. Ashok Leyland (![]() | ||||
Ashok Leyland | ![]() |
Division | India |
Notes
* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[12] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.[13][14]
** Ford Motor Company has announced that the production of Mercury Automobiles will cease in 2010.[15]
*** Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation is in the process of selling SsangYong Motor Company to Mahindra & Mahindra.
Minor automotive manufacturers
There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.
See also
References
- ^ "2007 Statistics". OICA. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "Car Sales Around The World In 2009: Mostly Down". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "Automobile Industry Introduction". Plunkett Research. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ Kenworthy, J R (2004). "Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems" (PDF). Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ World Health Organisation, Europe. "Health effects of transport". Retrieved 2008-08-29.
- ^ Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK). "Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion" (PDF). Retrieved 2003-02-01.
- ^ a b Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
- ^ "IKCO takes lead in quality Tondar 90 production". Previous.presstv.com. 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2009" (PDF). OICA. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
- ^ "GM Slips to Number Two Worldwide, Ford to Fourth". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "TTAC Announces World's Top Ten Automakers". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Porsche Supervisory Board agrees on the contracts of implementation" (Press release). Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
- ^ "Volkswagen Supervisory Board approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche" (Press release). Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
- ^ "Mercury production to end this year - The Boston Globe". Boston.com. 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
- Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
- Automotive engineering learning website
- All vehicle manufacturers in the world (in Dutch with English etc. translation)
- Car makes of the world, 1894—present
- Automotive history and photos
- Automaker Rankings 2007: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies
- List of car trims (car sub models) 1989–present