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Auckland Council

Coordinates: 36°51′S 174°47′E / 36.850°S 174.783°E / -36.850; 174.783
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36°51′S 174°47′E / 36.850°S 174.783°E / -36.850; 174.783

Auckland Council

Māori: Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau
Unitary authority
Wards of Auckland Council
Type
Type
History
Established1 November 2010; 14 years ago
Preceded by
List
Leadership
CEO
Phil Wilson
Structure
Seats21
Political groups
Elections
Plurality-at-large voting
Last election
2022
Next election
2025
Website
AucklandCouncil.govt.nz

Auckland Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau) is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority that has the responsibilities, duties and powers of a regional council and so is a unitary authority, according to the Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009, which established the council.[1] The governing body consists of a mayor and 20 councillors, elected from 13 wards. There are also 149 members of 21 local boards who make decisions on matters local to their communities.[2][3] It is the largest council in Oceania,[4] with a $3 billion annual budget, $29 billion of ratepayer equity,[5] and 9,870 full-time staff as of 30 June 2016.[6][7] The council began operating on 1 November 2010, combining the functions of the previous regional council and the region's seven city and district councils into one "super council" or "super city".

The council was established by a number of Acts of Parliament, and an Auckland Transition Agency, also created by the central government. Both the means by which the council was established, and its structure came under repeated criticism from a broad spectrum during the establishment period.

Predecessors

[edit]

The Auckland Council took over the functions of the Auckland Regional Council and the region's seven city and district councils: Auckland City Council, Manukau City Council, Waitakere City Council, North Shore City Council, Papakura District Council, Rodney District Council and most of Franklin District Council.

The Auckland Regional Council was formed in 1989, replacing the Auckland Regional Authority. One of the mainstays of its work was expanding the parks network, and it brought into the Auckland Council 26 regional parks with more than 40,000 hectares, including many restored natural habitats and sanctuaries developed in co-operation with the Department of Conservation and volunteers.[8] A variety of often public transport-focused projects like the Northern Busway as well as significant rail and public transport investments were realised through the Auckland Regional Transport Authority, much of it supported by retaining Ports of Auckland in public hands (after the deregulation of the Auckland Harbour Board) to fund the improvements with the dividends.[8]

History

[edit]

Royal Commission

[edit]

Until 2010, the Auckland Region had seven "City/District" authorities, plus one "Regional" authority. In the late 2000s, New Zealand's central government and parts of Auckland's society felt that this large number of Councils, and the lack of strong regional government (with the Auckland Regional Council only having limited powers) were hindering Auckland's progress, and that a form of stronger regional government, or an amalgamation under one local council, would be beneficial. Others pointed to the fact that a previous integration of the many much smaller Borough Councils did not bring the promised advantages either, and reduced local participation in politics,[9] with editorialists pointing out that the (supposedly mainly Wellingtonian) proponents of the 'super city' have carefully not made any promises of savings in light of past rises in rates and utilities bills.[10]

In 2007, the government set up a Royal Commission on Auckland Governance to report on what restructuring should be done.[11][12] The report was released on 27 March 2009[13] and the government subsequently announced that a "super city" would be set up to include the full metropolitan area under an Auckland Council with a single mayor and 20–30 local boards, by the time of the local body elections in 2010,[14][15] though it also changed some key recommendations of the Royal Commission.

Unimplemented recommendations

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Some recommendations of the Royal Commission, which have not been adopted or implemented:

  • 6A The Auckland Council should include a vision for the region in its spatial plan.[16]
  • 6B The Mayor of Auckland's annual "State of the Region" address should describe progress towards the attainment of the vision.[16]
  • 19C: "Leadership support and development programmes for elected councillors should be strengthened."[17]
  • 21D: Auckland Council CCOs and their statements of intent should be subject to performance review by the proposed Auckland Services Performance Auditor.[17]
  • 21A 22A Two Māori members should be elected to the Auckland Council by voters who are on the parliamentary Māori Electoral Roll.[17]
  • 22B There should be a Mana Whenua Forum, the members of which will be appointed by mana whenua from the district of the Auckland Council.[17]
  • 22D The Auckland Council should ensure that each local council has adequate structures in place to enable proper engagement with Māori and consideration of their views in the local councils' decision-making processes. Where appropriate, current structures and/or memoranda of understanding should be transferred to local councils.[17]
  • 24F Auckland Council should consider creating an Urban Development Agency, to operate at the direction of the Auckland Council, with compulsory acquisition powers.[18]
  • The Auckland Council should determine the extent to which responsibilities for the delivery of stormwater services are shared between local councils and Watercare Services Limited.[18]
  • 26I Watercare Services Limited should be required by legislation to promote demand management.[18]
  • 26M Watercare Services Limited should be required to prepare a stormwater action plan.[18]
  • 27D The Auckland Council should prepare an e-government strategy as an intrinsic part of its proposed unified service delivery and information systems plan.[18]
  • 28A The Auckland Council should work closely with consumers, the industry, and central government agencies to develop a climate change and energy strategy for the region, including monitoring and reviewing electricity security of supply performance, and industry planning and regulation impacting the Auckland region.[18]
  • 30A The Auckland Council should develop a Regional Waste Management Strategy, including strategies for management of organic waste and integration of waste management with other environmental programmes.[18]
  • 32F To promote the widespread adoption of the unified service delivery framework the Auckland Council should
a) give Auckland Council CCOs providing council services the opportunity to share the unified service facilities if they wish.
b) require Auckland Council CCOs providing council services to adopt the council's ICT infrastructure standards.[18]
  • 32G A statutory position of an independent Auckland Services Performance Auditor (to be appointed by the elected Auckland Council on the joint recommendation of the Chair of the Commerce Commission and the Auditor-General) should be created to provide assurance to the council and the public that the Auckland Council is providing high-quality services in a cost-effective way. The role of the Performance Auditor will include
a) reviewing the adequacy and relevance of CCO performance targets.
b) protecting the consumer's interests and advocating for them in respect of the reliability and affordability of council services. This will include reviewing services in terms of established customer service standards.
c) in the case of Watercare Services Limited, undertaking three-yearly efficiency and effectiveness reviews, incorporating international comparative industry benchmarking and an evaluation of service levels, efficiency, affordability of water, and demand management performance.[18]

Legislation

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The council was set up by three pieces of legislation, the Local Government (Tamaki Makaurau Reorganisation) Act 2009,[19] the Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009[1] and the Local Government (Auckland Transitional Provisions) Act 2010.[20]

Electoral history

[edit]

The initial Council elections in October 2010 returned a mostly centre-left council, with Len Brown as mayor.[21] Brown was re-elected in October 2013, again with a largely supportive council.[22] The 2016 mayoral election was won by Labour MP Phil Goff, who had a landslide victory over his nearest rivals, Victoria Crone and future Green Party MP Chlöe Swarbrick.[23] Goff won re-election in the 2019 mayoral election[24] and chose not to run in the 2022 mayoral election,[25] which was won by Wayne Brown.[26]

Withdrawal from Local Government New Zealand

[edit]

On 23 March 2023, the Auckland Council voted by a margin of ten to ten to leave Local Government New Zealand (LGNZ), the national representative body for local councils in New Zealand. Mayor Brown used his casting vote to break the deadlock during the Council's vote. Brown claimed that members of the body got drunk regularly during conference meetings and that the Auckland Council could negotiate with the New Zealand Government independently. Brown also claimed that exiting the LGNZ would save the Auckland Council NZ$64,000 a year, helping to reduce its debt. The Auckland Council's decision to leave LGNZ was criticised as detrimental to Auckland ratepayers and cooperation with other local councils by fellow councillors Richard Hills, Andy Baker, Julie Fairey, and LGNZ President Stuart Crosby.[27]

Timeline of councillors

[edit]
Ward 2010[28] 2011 2012 2013[29] 2014 2015 2016[30][31] 2017 2018 2019[32] 2020 2021 2022[33] 2023 2024 2025
O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rodney Penny Webster Greg Sayers
Albany Michael Goudie John Watson John Watson (PPF)
Albany Wayne Walker (PPF)
North Shore George Wood (C&R) George Wood (FDfS) Richard Hills
North Shore Ann Hartley (SV) Chris Darby
Waitākere Penny Hulse Shane Henderson (Labour)
Waitākere Sandra Coney (BftW) Linda Cooper Ken Turner (WW)
Waitematā and Gulf Mike Lee Pippa Coom (CV) Mike Lee
Whau Noelene Raffills (C&R) Ross Clow (Labour) Tracy Mulholland (C&R) Kerrin Leoni (Labour)
Albert-Eden-Roskill Christine Fletcher (C&R)
Albert-Eden-Roskill Cathy Casey (CV) Julie Fairey (CV)
Orākei Cameron Brewer Desley Simpson (C&R)
Maungakiekie-Tamaki Richard Northey (Labour) Denise Lee (C&R) Denise Lee [34] Josephine Bartley (Labour)
Howick Sharon Stewart
Howick J L Ross [a] Dick Quax (C&R) Dick Quax [37] Paul Young Maurice Williamson
Manukau Alf Filipaina (Labour)
Manukau Arthur Anae Efeso Collins (Labour) Lotu Fuli (Labour)
Manurewa-Papakura John Walker John Walker (IMP) John Walker Angela Dalton (MPAT) Angela Dalton
Manurewa-Papakura Calum Penrose (MPFA) Calum Penrose (IMP) Daniel Newman (MPAT)
Franklin Des Morrison (C&R) Bill Cashmore (C&R) Bill Cashmore Andy Baker (TF)

Structure

[edit]
Wayne Brown, the Mayor of Auckland since 2022.

Mayor

[edit]
Main article: Mayor of Auckland

The mayor has significant executive powers, their own staff and the ability to appoint the chairpersons of the council's committees. Some columnists stated in 2010 that the post was the second most powerful public position in New Zealand, after the prime minister.[38][39] However, when the Minister for the Rugby World Cup, Murray McCully, took control of the Rugby World Cup fan area on the Auckland waterfront in 2011 without first notifying mayor Len Brown,[40] columnist John Armstrong declared the myth finished.[41][42]

The mayor is directly elected by voters living in the Auckland Council area every three years by postal ballot using the first-past-the-post voting system. Len Brown was elected mayor in October 2010, and re-elected for a second term in 2013. Phil Goff won the 2016 election[43] and was re-elected as mayor in 2019.[24] In 2022, Wayne Brown was elected mayor.[44]

Governing body

[edit]
See also: 2022 Auckland local elections

The governing body of the Auckland Council consists of the mayor, deputy mayor, and 19 other members. The members of the governing body are elected from thirteen wards across the Council area using the first-past-the-post system every three years at the same time as the mayor. Decision-making for the governing body's areas of oversight is done by committees, a few of which consist of the whole governing body, and most of which consist of a chairperson appointed by the mayor and a subset of the governing body members.[45] The following council took office during October 2022:

Role Name Affiliation (if any) Ward
Mayor Wayne Brown Fix Auckland
Deputy Mayor Desley Simpson Communities and Residents Orākei
Councillor Andy Baker Team Franklin Franklin
Councillor Josephine Bartley Labour Maungakiekie-Tāmaki
Councillor Angela Dalton Not affiliated Manurewa-Papakura
Councillor Chris Darby For the Shore North Shore
Councillor Julie Fairey City Vision Albert-Eden-Puketāpapa
Councillor Alf Filipaina Labour Manukau
Councillor Christine Fletcher Communities and Residents Albert-Eden-Puketāpapa
Councillor Lotu Fuli Labour Manukau
Councillor Shane Henderson Labour Waitākere
Councillor Richard Hills A Positive Voice for the Shore North Shore
Councillor Mike Lee Independent Waitematā and Gulf
Councillor Kerrin Leoni Labour Whau
Councillor Daniel Newman Manurewa-Papakura Action Team Manurewa-Papakura
Councillor Greg Sayers Independent Rodney
Councillor Sharon Stewart Independent Howick
Councillor Ken Turner WestWards Waitākere
Councillor Wayne Walker Putting People First Albany
Councillor John Watson Putting People First Albany
Councillor Maurice Williamson Independent Howick

Wards and local boards

[edit]
See also: 2022 Auckland local board elections
Ward Local board(s) Population
(June 2024) 		Members (affiliation) – subdivision
Albany Hibiscus and Bays Local Board[46] 120,400
  • Gary Brown (Coast People) – East Coast Bays
  • Jake Law (Team Coast) – East Coast Bays
  • Sam Mills (Coast People) – East Coast Bays
  • Leanne Willis (Coast People) – East Coast Bays
  • Julia Grace Parfitt (Backing the Bays) – Hibiscus Coast
  • Alexis Poppelbaum (Backing the Bays) – Hibiscus Coast
  • Victoria Short (Independent Locals) – Hibiscus Coast
  • Gregg Walden (Backing the Bays) – Hibiscus Coast
Upper Harbour Local Board 81,800
  • Anna Atkinson (Living Upper Harbour)
  • Uzra Casuri Balouch (Independent)
  • Callum Blair (Independent)
  • John McLean (Independent)
  • Kyle Parker (Living Upper Harbour)
  • Sylvia Yang (Living Upper Harbour)
Albert-Eden-Puketāpapa Albert-Eden Local Board 104,400
  • José Fowler (Communities and Residents) – Maungawhau
  • Kendyl Smith (Communities and Residents) – Maungawhau
  • Rex Smith (Communities and Residents) – Maungawhau
  • Jack Tan (Communities and Residents) – Maungawhau
  • Julia Maskill (City Vision) – Ōwairaka
  • Christina Robertson (City Vision) – Ōwairaka
  • Liv Roe (City Vision) – Ōwairaka
  • Margi Watson (City Vision) – Ōwairaka
Puketāpapa Local Board 64,000
  • Roseanne Hay (Communities and Residents)
  • Ella Kumar (Communities and Residents)
  • Fiona Lai (Communities and Residents)
  • Mark Pervan (Communities and Residents)
  • Bobby Shen (Roskill Community Voice)
  • Jon Turner (Roskill Community Voice)
Franklin Franklin Local Board 88,500
  • Alan Cole (Team Franklin) – Pukekohe
  • Andrew Kay (Team Franklin) – Pukekohe
  • Amanda Kinzett (Team Franklin) – Pukekohe
  • Logan Soole (Team Franklin) – Pukekohe
  • Malcolm Bell (Team Franklin) – Wairoa
  • Angela Fulljames (Team Franklin) – Wairoa
  • Amanda Hopkins (Team Franklin) – Wairoa
  • Sharlene Druyven (Team Franklin) – Waiuku
  • Gary Holmes (Working for Waiuku) – Waiuku
Howick Howick Local Board 165,800
  • Damian Light (Independent) – Botany
  • Mike Turinsky (Practical not Political) – Botany
  • Peter Young (#weknowbotany) – Botany
  • Bo Burns (#weknowhowick ) – Howick
  • John Spiller (#weknowhowick) – Howick
  • Adele White (#weknowhowick ) – Howick
  • Katrina Bungard (Communities and Residents) – Pakuranga
  • David Collings (Communities and Residents) – Pakuranga
  • Bruce Kendall (Practical not Political) – Pakuranga
Manukau Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board 87,700
  • Tauanu'u Nick Bakulich (Labour)
  • Makalita Kolo (Labour)
  • Christine Frances O'Brien (Labour)
  • Papaliitele Lafulafu Peo (Labour)
  • Joe Glassie-Rasmussen (Labour)
  • Togiatolu Walter Togiamua (Labour)
  • Harry Fatu Toleafoa (Labour)
Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board 98,500
  • Ofa Dewes (Labour) – Papatoetoe
  • Vi Hausia (Labour) – Papatoetoe
  • Albert Lim (Independently Papatoetoe) – Papatoetoe
  • Ashraf Choudhary (Labour) – Papatoetoe
  • Apulu Reece Autagavaia (Labour) – Ōtara
  • Swanie Nelson (Labour) – Ōtara
Manurewa-Papakura Manurewa Local Board 108,700
  • Joseph Allan (#LoveManurewa)
  • Heather Andrew (Manurewa Action Team)
  • Anne Candy (Manurewa Action Team)
  • Angela Cunningham-Marino (#LoveManurewa)
  • Andrew Lesa (#LoveManurewa)
  • Rangi Mclean (Manurewa Action Team)
  • Glenn Murphy (Manurewa Action Team)
  • Matt Winiata (Manurewa Action Team)
Papakura Local Board 80,400
  • Felicity Jane Auva'a (Papakura Action Team)
  • Brent Catchpole (Papakura Action Team)
  • George Hawkins (Papakura Action Team)
  • Kelvin Hieatt (Papakura Action Team)
  • Jan Robinson (Papakura Action Team)
  • Andrew Webster (Papakura Action Team)
Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board 88,200
  • Don Allan (Communities and Residents) – Maungakiekie
  • Debbie Burrows (Communities and Residents) – Maungakiekie
  • Tony Woodcock (Communities and Residents) – Maungakiekie
  • Nerissa Henry (Labour) – Tāmaki
  • Chris Makoare (Labour) – Tāmaki
  • Peter McGlashan (Labour) – Tāmaki
  • Maria Meredith (Labour) – Tāmaki
North Shore Devonport-Takapuna Local Board 61,200
  • Peter Allan (A Fresh Approach)
  • Gavin Busch (C&R North Shore)
  • Terence Harpur (A Fresh Approach)
  • Melissa Powell (A Fresh Approach)
  • Toni Van Tonder (A Fresh Approach)
  • George Wood (C&R North Shore)
Kaipātiki Local Board 94,800
  • John Gillon (Shore Action)
  • Paula Gillon (Shore Action)
  • Danille Grant (Shore Action)
  • Erica Hannam (Shore Action)
  • Melanie Kenrick (Shore Action)
  • Tim Spring (Shore Action)
  • Janet Tupou (Shore Action)
  • Adrian Tyler (Shore Action)
Ōrākei Ōrākei Local Board 87,400
  • Troy Churton (Communities and Residents)
  • Angus McPhee (Communities and Residents)
  • Scott Milne (Communities and Residents)
  • Sarah Powrie (Communities and Residents)
  • Penny Tucker (Communities and Residents)
  • Margaret Voyce (Communities and Residents)
  • David Wong (Communities and Residents)
Rodney Rodney Local Board 82,400
  • Louise Johnston (Rodney First) – Dairy Flat
  • Brent Bailey (Rodney First) – Kumeū
  • Mark Dennis (Rodney First) – Kumeū
  • Geoff Upson (Independent) – Kumeū
  • Guy Wishart (Rodney First) – Kumeū
  • Michelle Lisa Carmichael (Independent) – Warkworth
  • Tim Holdgate (Independent) – Warkworth
  • Ivan Wagstaff (Rodney First) – Warkworth
  • Colin Gregory Smith (Independent) – Wellsford
Waitākere Henderson-Massey Local Board 136,900
  • Brenda Brady (Independent)
  • Chris Carter (Labour)
  • Peter Chan (Independent)
  • Dan Collins (Labour)
  • Will Flavell (Labour)
  • Oscar Kightley (Labour)
  • Brooke Loader (Labour)
  • Ingrid Papau (Independent)
Waitākere Ranges Local Board 56,000
  • Mark Allen (Future West)
  • Michelle Clayton (WestWards)
  • Sandra Coney (Future West)
  • Liz Manley (Future West)
  • Linda Potauaine (WestWards)
  • Greg Presland (Future West)
Waitematā and Gulf Aotea / Great Barrier Local Board 1,240
  • Izzy Fordham (Independent)
  • Chris Ollivier (Independent)
  • Patrick O'Shea (Independent)
  • Neil Sanderson (Independent)
  • Valmaine Toki (Independent)
Waiheke Local Board 9,140
  • Cath Handley (Independent)
  • Kylee Matthews (Independent)
  • Bianca Ranson (Independent)
  • Robin Tucker (Independent)
  • Paul Walden (Independent)
Waitematā Local Board 89,600
  • Alexandra Bonham (City Vision)
  • Allan Matson (Communities and Residents)
  • Greg Moyle (Communities and Residents)
  • Richard Northey (City Vision)
  • Anahera Rawiri (City Vision)
  • Genevieve Sage (Communities and Residents)
  • Sarah Trotman (Communities and Residents)
Whau Whau Local Board 91,400
  • Fasitua Amosa (Labour)
  • Ross Clow (Independent)
  • Catherine Farmer (Labour)
  • Sarah Paterson-Hamlin (Labour)
  • Warren Piper (Independent)
  • Kay Thomas (Labour)
  • Susan Zhu (Labour)

Council-controlled organisations

[edit]

Auckland Council has substantive CCOs and a number of smaller ones.[47]

Substantive CCOs
CCO Acronym Chief executive Value (NZD)
Auckland Transport AT Shane Ellison Increase $19.1 billion[48]: 17  (assets, 2018)
Eke Panuku Development Auckland – David Rankin[49] N/A
Tātaki Auckland Unlimited[50] TAU[51] Nick Hill Increase $1.615 billion[52][needs update]
Watercare Services – Jon Lamonte Increase $8.7 billion

Eke Panuku Development Auckland resulted from a merging of Auckland Council Property Ltd and Waterfront Auckland on 1 September 2015.[53]

Tātaki Auckland Unlimited resulted from a merging of Regional Facilities Auckland (RFA) and Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development (ATEED) on 1 December 2020.[54][better source needed]

Auckland Council Investments Limited (ACIL)[55] was disestablished in 2019 as part of the 10-year budget 2018–2028.

Michael Redman, formerly mayor, then chief executive of Hamilton City Council, was chief executive of Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development from November 2010[56] to October 2011.[57]

Chief executive

[edit]

In March 2010, Doug McKay was announced as the inaugural chief executive officer of the council by the Auckland Transition Agency. The 54-year-old was selected ahead of 27 other candidates, including several existing council chief executives. He had no experience in local government, but was described as having strong Auckland ties, and 30 years' corporate experience. He was to receive a salary of $675,000 and an incentive bonus of $67,500.[5]

Left-wing political organiser Matt McCarten criticised his appointment, arguing McKay's previous tenure in the liquor industry was marked by failure to object to anti-union behaviour and strong advertising of alcohol to the youth market. McCarten argued McKay was to be paid three times the salary of the Prime Minister, had no local government or non-profit experience and was selected by an unelected transition authority.[58]

Mayoral candidates John Banks and Len Brown were positive about McKay's appointment. Brown, who went on to become mayor, said McKay's business and restructuring experience was a "good fit", and would help improve economic performance as well as build links with businesses.[59] McKay's contract ended in December 2013.[60]

Stephen Town became chief executive on 15 January 2014.[60] In early February 2020, Town announced he would not see out his term until December 2020, moving to the New Zealand Institute of Skills & Technology in early July.[61]

Planning documents

[edit]
Auckland Plan

It is intended that the Auckland Council, as one of the major tasks of its first years, will prepare a "spatial plan" to guide Auckland's growth. This plan will cover matters such as the limits of residential development and the zoning and densities of the suburbs and areas, and will assess how elements like transport and land use are to be linked. It is intended to be one of the main documents out of which a unified District Plan will eventually grow. Some critics have noted that this spatial plan will need years to develop and CCOs would fill the policy vacuum in the meantime. Apart from conflicting with Council's plans, this might also pit CCOs against each other.[62]

After the first round of plan development and public consultation, the draft plan was launched mid-2011. Commentators noted that one of the strongest discrepancies between Auckland Council's vision for Auckland and that of the John Key-led Wellington government was that the draft Auckland Plan envisaged a more contained growth (combatting sprawl by having 75% of population growth occur in existing settlement areas), while National is more favourable of relaxing constraints on new greenfields development.[63] Auckland Council later changed the plan to allow 30–40% of growth in greenfield areas and satellite towns.[64]

Auckland Unitary Plan (Operative in part)

The Auckland Unitary Plan (Operative in part ) (AUP) guides the use of Auckland's natural and physical resources under the Resource Management Act 1991. The AUP is a combined resource management plan which includes a regional policy statement, regional coastal plan, regional plan and district plan. The AUP's district plan provisions apply throughout Auckland, except for the Hauraki Gulf Islands which is instead subject to the Auckland Council District Plan - Hauraki Gulf Islands Section.[65]

The AUP replaced the Auckland Regional Policy Statement, four regional plans and seven district plans of Auckland's legacy councils following amalgamation.[66] The AUP was prepared through a streamlined plan making process established by the Local Government (Auckland Transitional Provisions) Amendment Act 2013.[67] The AUP was publicly notified in September 2013 and received over 13,000 submissions and further submissions.[68] The submissions were heard by an Independent Hearings Panel, chaired by Environment Court Judge D A Kirkpatrick, which provided its recommendations to Auckland Council in July 2016.[69] The AUP was made operative in part in November 2016 with some outstanding appeals.[70] As of July 2024, over 100 plan changes to the AUP have been publicly notified.[71]

Long Term Council Community Plan

The first Long Term Council Community Plan (LTCCP), the longer-term financial budget of the city, will not be produced until July 2012.[72] Until that time, longer-term finances will be decided by the council, guided by the existing LTCCPs of the subsumed bodies.

City Centre and Waterfront Plans

Another big focus of the planning work in the first year of the council is planning for the Auckland CBD (now called 'City Centre') and the Auckland waterfront. Including the under construction City Rail Link, these two transformations are costed at approximately $5.5 billion over 20 years. Projects proposed in the draft plans include partial or full pedestrianisation of a number of city centre streets, light rail possibilities for the Waterfront and Queen Street, turning Nelson and Hobson Street from wide one-way roads into two-way roads with more trees and urban amenity, and a waterfront walk- and cycleway.[73]

Assets

[edit]

The Council owns approximately $34 billion of assets (2010),[74] including over 100,000 hectares of open space, parks and reserves,[75] as well as the large transport assets administered by the Auckland Transport CCO (see that article for more detail).

Auckland Council Investments Limited (ACIL), the CCO responsible for non-transport investment assets, manages Council investments worth $2.54 billion, including a 22.4% stake in Auckland Airport worth $1.13 billion, as well as a 100% share of Ports of Auckland Limited worth $1.08 billion, and Auckland Film Studios, worth $8 million (values at May 2014).[76]

Regional parks

[edit]

The council owns and manages 28 regional parks around the region.[77] Most of the parks were inherited from Auckland Regional Council.[78]

Finances

[edit]

Rates

[edit]

Auckland Council rates combine the rates of the various amalgamated local councils and the Auckland Regional Council rates. For the 2011–2012 year, ratepayers are being charged the same rate as before the amalgamation, plus a 3.94% increase, with Council noting that they had achieved a much lower rates increase than originally foreseen.[79] Rates made up 53% of the Council's income in 2011, with the remainder being "grants, subsidies, development and financial contributions, user charges and fees".[79]

As of 2011, 24% of the Council's money was spent on "Art services and galleries, events, museums, parks, recreation facilities and the zoo", while 22% was spent on "transport management". Further big elements were "Planning and regulation" at 14.5% and "Community services, libraries, emergency management and cemeteries" at 11.5%.[79]

As of 2016, 38% of rates were spent on "transport", 27% on "parks, community and lifestyle", 16% on "environmental management and regulation", 8% on "Auckland development", 6% on "Economic and cultural development" and 5% on "governance and support".[80]

Controversies

[edit]

Some aspects of the reorganisation were contentious, such as whether all of the Auckland Region should be integrated into the super city, and whether the new structure allowed sufficient local democracy.[81]

Local board powers

[edit]

Critics argued that there was little space for "local" democracy in the new "local government" setup for Auckland, with the proposed "local boards" having little power, such as having no funding or staff of their own, and being forbidden from undertaking numerous government roles, especially where those roles might clash with regional functions such as transport or utilities.[citation needed] Local Government Minister Rodney Hide, in the opinion of The New Zealand Herald, ignored concerns about the "powerlessness" of the local boards.[10] Hide argued that "local boards will engage like never before" and "represent their local communities and make decisions on local issues, activities and facilities".[82]

A further concern was that candidates for local boards would have to campaign without knowing the scope of the local board's financial resources, and that a salary for a local board member of around $37,100 was insufficient for what amounted to a full-time position.[72]

Inclusion of rural areas

[edit]

Numerous residents of and (to some degree) the councils of the Franklin and Rodney Districts opposed their inclusion in the new supercity, and instead campaigned for retention of their councils, or inclusion with other, more rural-focused councils in the north (such as merging the areas north of Puhoi with the Kaipara District area) or the south.

There was a perception that these rural areas would receive very little benefit in terms of infrastructure for their rates' money, and that they would be swallowed up by an Auckland that has different interests and character than their communities.[83] Politicians such as Rodney Hide answered that inclusion is necessary to allow a regional approach to the wider interests of the region, and that tangible benefits would ensue for all of Auckland's communities. Also, that changing the boundaries in 2010 would have a domino effect on the restructuring of the ward system for the future Auckland councillors. In turn, the opponents of inclusion argued that big-city developers preferred the inclusion of the rural areas in the Auckland Council boundaries to make development and new subdivision of rural land easier.[83]

Ward sizes and boundaries

[edit]

Several editorialists criticised the size and composition of wards for the election of Auckland Council councillors. The criticism ranged from the wards being too big (and thus throwing together communities with few common interests), to some ward boundary lines being drawn against the local understanding of what constituted their community.[3]

More serious criticism was centred around the fact that urban wards contained significantly more people than some rural wards (and thus received less influence in the future Council per person) and regarding the small number of Councillors for all of Auckland (with fewer Councillors per head than Aucklanders have MPs representing them in Parliament),[84] and the institution of two-member wards (meaning that contenders would have to field much larger and more costly election campaigns). Editorialist Brian Rudman accused the Local Government Commission of attempted gerrymandering in its draft proposal for one particular ward.[3]

Controversies over council-controlled organisations

[edit]

In early 2010 a further dispute emerged. As set out in the third bill establishing the future Auckland Council, major functions (such as transport, water services and Auckland waterfront development) were to be devolved into council-controlled organisations (CCOs) controlled by unelected boards, operating at "arm's length" from Council.[85] This separation, as argued by backers of the move, had become necessary due to "local politicians [having] failed to deliver the results expected of them."[86]

The Government's plan to outsource the majority of the council's functions was decried by numerous people (including the main mayoral contenders, Len Brown, and to a lesser degree, John Banks) and groups across the political and societal spectrum – from the Auckland Regional Council and many community boards,[87] to Local Government New Zealand,[88] and organisations considered to be National Party-friendly[89] such as the Auckland Chamber of Commerce and the Employers & Manufacturers Association.[85][89] Supporters included the New Zealand Council for Infrastructure Development, a right-wing think tank.[86]

The introduction of Auckland Transport, the CCO for transport functions (with more than half the city's future rate spend),[89] was discouraged even by the government's own Treasury and Department of Internal Affairs, as well as other departments.[87][90]

The main proponents of the CCO system, Prime Minister John Key, Local Government Minister Rodney Hide and Transport Minister Steven Joyce, remained adamant about the introduction (and the appropriateness) of the system.[91][92] Others, like the New Zealand Council for Infrastructure Development called the claim that the mayor and council would have no ability to hold the CCOs accountable "farcial nonsense".[86]

The New Zealand Herald, Auckland's largest newspaper, ran a series of articles and editorials in March 2010 criticising the proposed move, which was described as "The lockout of Auckland", arguing that elected councillors would have little control over the day-to-day decisions, and potentially even over massive changes such as Auckland's waterfront development or the city's transport focus.[85] The main Herald editorials noted that the CCO concept introduced "undemocratic elements" in a number of ways, and "could not stand". They also noted that saddling the super city with this system would be the most serious handicap, and a recipe for a "frustrated and disappointed citizenry".[93]

Several editorialists went even further and accused the ACT party, and especially Rodney Hide, of preparing Auckland's assets for a sell-off, and of setting up the structure to allow it even before Aucklanders got to vote on the matter – all under the guise of a "manufactured crisis".[94][95] Others, while criticising the lack of democratic oversight, dismissed concerns about asset sales, noting that amalgamation was likely to result in surplus real estate.[96]

The Sunday Star-Times noted in an editorial that "we'll merely end up trading in political dysfunction for a quasi-commercial dysfunction forced on us by the National-led government."[62] It also criticised, in the case of Auckland Transport, that with most of the expertise, staff and planning ability being held in the "semi-autonomous" CCO, the council would not have the central planning and policy role as claimed by the proponents of the system, but would instead have to share (or compete for) this role with Auckland Transport. It also argued that the Royal Commission suggested a strong council and subservient CCOs, not vice versa.[62]

New Zealand Local Government magazine followed the story, and criticised the lack of transparency that would ensue from establishing independent CCOs.[97]

The changes were seen as a potential "neutering" of the power of the new Auckland mayor to implement the policies on which he would be elected.[85] Further criticism was the lack of accountability of the proposed CCOs, which would not have to hold public board meetings, or provide agendas or minutes.[89] Groups such as 'Heart of the City' (the Auckland CBD business association) also called for stronger oversight and mayoral powers over the CCOs.[98]

Unelected Māori representation

[edit]

One of the proposals that was hotly criticised by some during the initial Royal Commission proposal was the provision of elected Māori members of the council (analogous to the Māori seat representation in Parliament).

This was later dropped from the relevant establishing laws. However, it later became clear that instead, the city's new Independent Maori Statutory Board, appointed by Te Puni Kōkiri, would receive "broadly ordained powers". These included the right to send one or two delegates, with full voting powers, to any council committee meeting, and dealing with "the management and stewardship of natural and physical resources". This unelected representation of Māori on committees voting on matters such as transport and infrastructure, as well as the fact that the advisory board requested (and initially received) a $3.4 million yearly budget, created significant public concern and debate.[99][100]

Proposed Lauren Southern and Stefan Molyneux speaking event

[edit]

In early July 2018, Mayor Phil Goff announced that the far-right Canadian speakers Lauren Southern and Stefan Molyneux would not be allowed to speak at any Auckland Council premises on the grounds that their presence would stir up religious and ethnic tensions. The two Canadian speakers are known for their controversial views on feminism, gender, Islam, and migration. Southern and Molyneux had booked the Bruce Mason Centre in the North Shore for a speaking event on 3 August 2018.[101][102]

Libertarian politician Stephen Berry speaking at the Free Speech Coalition protest in defence of Southern and Molyneux, Auckland 2018[103]

In response to the Mayor's decision, a group calling themselves the Free Speech Coalition initiated a fundraising campaign to mount a judicial review of the Auckland Council's decision, raising NZ$50,000 within 24 hours of their launch.[104][105] This group consisted of several business leaders, academics, lawyers, and journalists, including the former Labour President Michael Bassett, former National and ACT parties leader Don Brash, Property Institute chief executive Ashley Church, Auckland University of Technology historian Paul Moon, left-wing commentator Chris Trotter, and New Zealand Taxpayers' Union Jordan Williams.[106] On 18 July, the Free Speech Coalition filed legal proceedings against Mayor Goff and the Auckland Council after a failed attempt to broker a deal with Goff and the council to reinstate Southern and Molyneux's speaking event.[107][108][109]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ [35][36]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009 No 32 (as at 10 May 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". Legislation.govt.nz. 10 May 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  2. ^ "Auckland Council explained". Auckland Council. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Rudman, Brian (15 March 2010). "Fix-up misses more wrong lines". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  4. ^ Orsman, Bernard (25 June 2008). "Super city's council Australasia's biggest". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  5. ^ a b Orsman, Bernard (26 March 2010). "Local govt newbie to lead Super City". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  6. ^ "Auckland Council staff numbers and costs continue to rise". The New Zealand Herald. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  7. ^ "Performance and transparency". Auckland Council. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  8. ^ a b Lee, Mike (July 2010). "From the Chairman". Region Wide. Auckland Regional Council. p. 1.
  9. ^ Lessons from the history of local body amalgamation – The New Zealand Herald, Wednesday 6 September 2006
  10. ^ a b "Editorial: CCO plan mocks democracy". The New Zealand Herald. 14 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  11. ^ Auckland governance inquiry welcomed – NZPA, via 'stuff.co.nz', Tuesday 31 July 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
  12. ^ Royal Commission of inquiry for Auckland welcomed Archived 29 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine – NZPA, via 'infonews.co.nz', Tuesday 31 July 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
  13. ^ Minister Releases Report Of Royal Commission – Scoop.co.nz, Friday 27 March 2009
  14. ^ Gay, Edward (7 April 2009). "'Super city' to be in place next year, Maori seats axed". The New Zealand Herald.
  15. ^ "Making Auckland Greater" (PDF). New Zealand Government via The New Zealand Herald. 7 April 2009.
  16. ^ a b "Report: Recommendations Part 1". Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, Report. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Report: Recommendations Part 2". Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, Report. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Report: Recommendations Part 3". Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, Report. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  19. ^ "Local Government (Tamaki Makaurau Reorganisation) Act 2009 No 13 (as at 02 November 2010), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". Legislation.govt.nz. 2 November 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  20. ^ "Local Government (Auckland Transitional Provisions) Act 2010 No 37 (as at 21 December 2010), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  21. ^ Orsman, Bernard; Dickison, Michael (9 October 2010). "Left-leaning council for Len Brown". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  22. ^ Orsman, Bernard (14 October 2013). "New look council". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  23. ^ "Phil Goff elected Mayor of Auckland". The New Zealand Herald. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
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  26. ^ "Local Elections 2022 – Official Results" (PDF). Auckland Council. 15 October 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
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  28. ^ "Regional Council Election Results" (PDF). Auckland Council. 15 October 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  29. ^ "Public notices - elections". Auckland Council. 21 October 2013. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  30. ^ "Final Result" (PDF). Auckland Council. 13 October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  31. ^ "Local body election nominations close". Radio New Zealand. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  32. ^ "2019 local elections final results – Mayor, ward councillors, local board members" (PDF). Auckland Council. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  33. ^ "Declaration of Results of Election" (PDF). Auckland Council. 8 October 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
  34. ^ "Results Out For The Howick Ward By-election". NZHerald. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  35. ^ "Howick councillor Jami-Lee Ross resigns". Auckland Council via Soo. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  36. ^ "Results Out For The Howick Ward By-election". Auckland Council. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  37. ^ "Final results of Howick Ward by-election". Our Auckland. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  38. ^ Laws, Michael (10 October 2010). "Leadership prize not all that potent". Sunday Star-Times.
  39. ^ Hill Cone, Deborah (28 September 2010). "Election suffering lack of gravitas". The New Zealand Herald.
  40. ^ Orsman, Bernard (14 September 2011). "Rugby World Cup party gatecrashers". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  41. ^ Armstrong, John (17 September 2011). "McCully uses authority to keep Nats in power". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  42. ^ Orsman, Bernard (29 October 2011). "Len Brown: Year of the game changer". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  43. ^ "Phil Goff wins race to become Auckland's new mayor after claiming over 47 per cent of the vote". TVNZ. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  44. ^ "Wayne Brown says he is 'privileged and humbled' to be Auckland's new mayor". Radio New Zealand. 8 October 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
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  46. ^ "Hibiscus and Bays Local Board". Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  47. ^ "Council-controlled organisations". Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  48. ^ "2018 Annual Report" (PDF). Auckland Transport. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  49. ^ "Panuku CEO Roger MacDonald resigns after mysterious leave". Stuff. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  50. ^ "Auckland Unlimited". Archived from the original on 4 December 2020.
  51. ^ "Tātaki Auckland Unlimited shares Sustainability Story". Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  52. ^ "Regional Facilities Auckland Annual Report". 30 June 2021. p. 14.
  53. ^ Orsman, Bernard (1 September 2015). "Got some panuku? The council does". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  54. ^ "ATEED to merge with RFA following CCO Review". Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  55. ^ "Auckland Council Investments Limited". Our Auckland (Auckland Council newsletter). August 2012.
  56. ^ Preston, Nikki (26 October 2011). "V8 Supercar parties express concern over official audit on $40m cost". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  57. ^ "Auckland events chief resigns suddenly". Auckland Now. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  58. ^ McCarten, Matt (28 March 2010). "Booze peddler to spin democracy down the toilet". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  59. ^ a b Hargreaves, David (8 November 2013). "Auckland appoints new council boss on $630k salary". Interest.co.nz. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  60. ^ Collins, Simon (4 February 2020). "Auckland Council CEO Stephen Town to head new national polytechnic". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  61. ^ a b c Oram, Rod (21 March 2010). "Erecting a new dysfunction". The Sunday Star-Times. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  62. ^ Rudman, Brian (29 August 2011). "Gauntlet thrown down over urban sprawl". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  63. ^ Council, Auckland. "The Auckland Plan". Auckland Council.
  64. ^ Council, Auckland. "What is the Auckland Unitary Plan?". Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  65. ^ Council, Auckland. "What is the Auckland Unitary Plan?". Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  66. ^ "Resource Management Amendments 2013: Fact sheet 4: Auckland Unitary Plan". Ministry for the Environment. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  67. ^ Council, Auckland. "Unitary plan submissions and further submissions". Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
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  71. ^ a b Bernard Orsman (19 July 2010). "Local board nominees to stand without budget data". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  72. ^ Orsman, Bernard (29 August 2011). "$5.5b wishlist for city centre". The New Zealand Herald. p. A2. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  73. ^ Auckland Council (2012). Draft Long-term Plan 2012–2022. p. 13.
  74. ^ "Auckland Council – History in the Making". Our Auckland. Auckland Council. p. 5.
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  76. ^ "Regional parks". aucklandcouncil.govt.nz. Auckland Council.
  77. ^ Regional Parks Management Plan: Volume 1 Overview and Strategic Direction
  78. ^ a b c "Now we're together we're really moving forward". Auckland Council rates info leaflet. August 2011.
  79. ^ "Combined Rates Assessment and Tax Invoice – How your rates are spent (flyer with rates notice)". Auckland Council. November 2016.
  80. ^ "Govt papers reveal another Rodney plan". The New Zealand Herald. 28 September 2009.
  81. ^ "Rodney Hide: Local boards will engage like never before". The New Zealand Herald. 4 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  82. ^ a b Cumming, Geoff (3 April 2010). "Rebels at the gate". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  83. ^ "Super City structure still unfair". Local Government Commission via Auckland Transport Blog. 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 March 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  84. ^ a b c d Orsman, Bernard (8 March 2010). "The lockout of Auckland". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  85. ^ a b c Orsman, Bernard (15 March 2010). "Big-business lobbyist backs CCOs". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  86. ^ a b Orsman, Bernard (9 March 2010). "City powerless on its biggest issue". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  87. ^ Cheng, Derek (17 March 2010). "Super City tweaks still an option – PM". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  88. ^ a b c d Rudman, Brian (8 March 2010). "This is a recipe for tears before bedtime". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  89. ^ "Super City CCOs: Good and bad facets to business units". The New Zealand Herald. 8 March 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  90. ^ Orsman, Bernard (9 March 2009). "Auckland lockout – Key backs CCO plan". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  91. ^ Orsman, Bernard (11 March 2010). "Joyce adamant on city transport giant". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  92. ^ "Editorial: CCO powers show scale of civic shut-out". The New Zealand Herald. 13 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  93. ^ "John Minto: Unelected positions spell trouble for ratepayers". The New Zealand Herald. 17 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  94. ^ McCarten, Matt (14 March 2010). "Auckland's riches to be handed to corporate cronies". Herald on Sunday. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  95. ^ Roughan, John (13 March 2010). "Who'd be mayor if you can head CCO". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
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  97. ^ "Alex Swney: One simple step to avoid spectacular failure". The New Zealand Herald. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  98. ^ "Brian Rudman: Show 'em who's boss, council". The New Zealand Herald. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  99. ^ "Minister, mayor at odds over Maori board". Radio New Zealand. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  100. ^ Hatton, Emma (6 July 2018). "Far-right pair banned from speaking at Auckland Council venues – Phil Goff". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  101. ^ "Phil Goff bans Right wing speakers from talking in Council venues". Newstalk ZB. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  102. ^ Braae, Alex (14 July 2018). "What did the Free Speech protestors actually have to say?". The Spinoff. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  103. ^ Truebridge, Nick; Niall, Todd (9 July 2018). "Call for judicial review of Auckland Council agency's blocking of far-right speakers". Stuff. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  104. ^ Whyte, Anna (10 July 2018). "$50K raised for judicial review after controversial speakers banned from Auckland Council venues 37 min agoShare". 1News. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  105. ^ "Campaign to force Auckland Council to respect free speech". Free Speech Coalition. Scoop. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  106. ^ "Free Speech Coalition files legal action against Phil Goff". Newshub. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  107. ^ Niall, Todd (18 July 2018). "Free Speech Coalition tries to broker deal with council over banned speakers". Stuff. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  108. ^ Niall, Todd; Truebridge, Nick (18 July 2018). "Court proceedings filed against Auckland Council for barring Canadian speakers". Stuff. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
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