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NGC 3509

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NGC 3509
SDSS image of NGC 3509
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLeo
Right ascension11h 04m 23.554s
Declination+04d 49m 43.03s
Redshift0.025594
Heliocentric radial velocity7,673 km/s
Distance340 Mly (104.2 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)13.53
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)bc pec, SBbc
Size215,000 ly
Notable featuresinteracting galaxy with a tidal tail feature
Other designations
PGC 33446, UGC 6134, VV 075, CGCG 038-109, MCG +01-28-033, ARP 335, IRAS 11018+0505, KPG 265, 2MASX J11042356+0449428, SDSS J110423.55+044943.0, LDCE 0775 NED02, NVSS J110423+044941, AKARI J1104240+044950, LEDA 33446

NGC 3509 known as Arp 335, is a barred spiral galaxy[1] located in the constellation Leo.[2][3] It is located 340 million light-years from the Solar System.[4][5] NGC 3509 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 30, 1786.[6]

Characteristics

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NGC 3509 by DECam

NGC 3509 is a large galaxy. With a diameter of 215,000 light-years, it is much bigger than the Milky Way, which only has a diameter of at least 100,000 light-years.[4] Its luminosity class is II-III and it has a broad HII region.[4]

Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 3509

Additionally, NGC 3509 is a peculiar galaxy showing an interesting detail.[7] It has a sweeping tidal tail feature, which seems to offer hints of evolution[8] and makes the galaxy resemble a tadpole.[9] According to a sketch drew by Toomre, a large tail of NGC 3509 is seen curved towards northwest while the shorter one extends southwest. Later investigations proved him wrong as it is actually a bright ridge of the galaxy's disk structure.[10]

NGC 3509 has a single undisturbed nucleus which is surrounded by dust lanes.[8] This means it has not undergone a major disk-to-disk merger and instead had a minor merger with a smaller satellite galaxy.[8] As the galaxy interaction between NGC 3509 and the galaxy occurs, certain starbursts are triggered [11] in regions along its spiral arms which causes it to actively create new stars.[12] It is also evident, NGC 3509 contain signs of neutral hydrogen.[13]

Another study proves that a galactic halo is growing in NGC 3509 through accretion of smaller galaxies, in which they leave a spur behind as they are tidally disrupted by their host galaxy.[14]

NGC 3509 is designated as Arp 335 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies by Halton Arp,[15] in which it is placed into the Miscellaneous category, M82 being the well-known galaxy in this classification.[16]

Supernova

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One supernova has been discovered in NGC 3509: SN 2010bi.

SN 2010bi

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SN 2010bi[17] was discovered on March 24, 2010, by G. Piginata and M. Cifuentes along with other astronomers from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on the behalf of the CHASE project (CHilean Automatic Supernova sEarch).[18] SN 2010bi was found via an unfiltered image taken using the 0.41-m 'PROMPT 5' telescope located at Cerro Tololo.[18] It was located 28".4 east and 34".6 north of the nucleus.[19] The supernova was Type IIP[17] in which its progenitor might be a 8-16 solar mass red supergiant.[20]

References

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  1. ^ "HyperLeda -object description". atlas.obs-hp.fr. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  2. ^ Ford, Dominic. "NGC3509 (Galaxy)". In-The-Sky.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  3. ^ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3509". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  4. ^ a b c "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  5. ^ "NGC 3509 Galaxy Facts (UGC 6134) & Distance". Universe Guide. 2022-04-06. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  6. ^ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  7. ^ "Peculiar Galaxies for an 18" telescope". asimha.net. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  8. ^ a b c Lazaro, Enrico de (2022-05-26). "Hubble Space Telescope Observes NGC 3509 | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  9. ^ "Object of the Week March 2, 2014 – NGC3509 (Arp 335)". www.deepskyforum.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  10. ^ Laine, Seppo; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Rossa, Jrn; Hibbard, John E.; Mihos, J. Christopher; Bker, Torsten; Zabludoff, Ann I. (December 2003). "AHubble Space TelescopeWFPC2 Investigation of the Nuclear Morphology in the Toomre Sequence of Merging Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (6): 2717–2739. arXiv:astro-ph/0309377. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2717L. doi:10.1086/379676. ISSN 0004-6256.
  11. ^ Liu, Charles T.; Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr. (1995). "1995ApJ...450..547L Page 547". The Astrophysical Journal. 450: 547. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..547L. doi:10.1086/176165. Retrieved 2024-05-05.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "Hubble Views an Interacting Spiral - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  13. ^ Heckman, T.M.; Balick, B.; Van Breugel, W.J.M.; Miley, G.K. (1983). "Observations of Neutral Hydrogen in Radio-loud and Interacting Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 88: 583. Bibcode:1983AJ.....88..583H. doi:10.1086/113347. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  14. ^ Miskolczi, A.; Bomans, D. J.; Dettmar, R.-J. (2011-12-01). "Tidal streams around galaxies in the SDSS DR7 archive - I. First results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 536: A66. arXiv:1102.2905. Bibcode:2011A&A...536A..66M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116716. ISSN 0004-6361.
  15. ^ "ARP Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  16. ^ "Mantrap Skies Astronomical Image Catalog: ARP335". images.mantrapskies.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  17. ^ a b "SN 2010bi | Transient Name Server". www.wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  18. ^ a b Pignata, G.; Cifuentes, M.; Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Gonzalez, P.; Silva, S.; Folatelli, G.; Cartier, R.; Forster, F.; Marchi, S.; Rojas, A.; Conuel, B.; Reichart, D. (2010-03-01). "Supernova 2010bi in NGC 3509". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2229: 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2229....1P.
  19. ^ dbishopx@gmail.com. "Bright Supernovae - 2010". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  20. ^ Branch, David; Wheeler, J. Craig (2017), Branch, David; Wheeler, J. Craig (eds.), "Type IIP Supernovae", Supernova Explosions, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 245–265, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55054-0_12, ISBN 978-3-662-55054-0, retrieved 2024-05-05
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