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Archibald Carey Jr.

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Archibald Carey Jr.
Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court
In office
1966–1979
Member of the President's Committee on Government Employment Policy
In office
1957–1961
PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded byMaxwell Abbell
Member of the Chicago City Council from the 3rd ward
In office
1947–1955
Preceded byOscar Stanton De Priest
Succeeded byRalph Metcalfe
Personal details
Born(1908-02-29)February 29, 1908
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedApril 20, 1981(1981-04-20) (aged 73)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political partyRepublican (until 1966)
Other political
affiliations		Democratic (after 1966)
SpouseHazel Harper
ChildrenCarolyn Eloise
Alma mater

Archibald James Carey Jr. (February 29, 1908 – April 20, 1981) was an American lawyer, judge, politician, diplomat, and clergyman from the South Side of Chicago. He was elected as a city alderman and served for eight years under the patronage of the politician William L. Dawson. He served for several years as a pastor in the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, when he became known as a civil rights activist. In 1957, he was appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower as chair of his committee on government employment policy, which worked to reduce racial discrimination.

Appointed to the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, in 1966, Judge Carey became a major figure in Chicago's political life, serving until 1979. He won numerous awards for his oratorical skills and contributions to civic improvement.

Early life and education

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Archibald Carey Jr. was born on February 29, 1908, in Chicago, Illinois. The youngest of five children born to the Reverend Archibald J. Carey, a minister of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and his wife, Elizabeth H. (Davis) Carey, Carey Jr. was a native of Chicago. He attended Wendell Phillips High School. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Lewis Institute (now Illinois Institute of Technology) in 1928, as well as a degree from Northwestern University in 1932, and a Bachelor of Laws degree from Chicago-Kent College of Law in Chicago in 1935.Carey is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha.

After being accepted to the bar, Carey set up a legal practice in Chicago.[1]

Political and government career

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Carey became politically active and allied with William L. Dawson, a leading African-American politician on the city's South Side.[1]

Chicago City Council (1947–55)

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Carey was twice elected to serve as an alderman from Chicago's Third Ward, serving from 1947 to 1955. During this time, he was chosen to give a speech to the 1952 Republican National Convention, which met that year in Chicago, and called for equal rights for all minorities.[1] The speech was titled "Let Freedom Ring".[2] Historian Drew Hansen has opined that Martin Luther King Jr. plagiarized from this speech in creating his own celebrated "I Have a Dream" speech, noting that many of the motifs and tropes were part of a common language.[1]

In 1953, Carey was the headline speaker at the second annual rally of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership, a civil rights organization in Mound Bayou, Mississippi. The Council promoted a boycott of service stations which refused to provide restrooms for African Americans. When the founder and head of the Council, Dr. T.R.M. Howard moved to Chicago, Carey, a fellow Republican, supported his campaign for the U.S. House in 1958. [3]

Carey was appointed by president Dwight D. Eisenhower as an alternate delegate from the United States to the United Nations, serving from 1953 to 1956.[4]

President's Committee on Government Employment Policy (1955–61)

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From 1955 to 1961, he served on the President's Committee on Government Employment Policy; on August 3, 1957, he was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower as chair of the committee, succeeding Maxwell Abbell, who died.[5] Carey was the first African American to hold this position. Already a confidante of Martin Luther King Jr. and active in the national civil rights movement, Carey worked to end employment discrimination in the government against blacks.[6]

Cook County Circuit Court (1966–79)

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Carey was appointed as a county Circuit Court judge in Chicago in 1966, by which time he had switched parties to Democratic.[7] He served until 1978, when he was forced by law to retire from the bench at 70 years of age. Because of the court's large caseload, he was reappointed to serve another year.

AME Church

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In 1949, Carey was named as pastor of his father's church, Quinn Chapel AME Church in Chicago. He served through 1967, when he was named pastor emeritus.

In 1960 Carey addressed the World Methodist Council held in Oslo, Norway that year, discussing how AME activists in the United States drew from Wesleyan theology and praxis in their approach. He noted that they were inspired by the work of Richard Allen, the founder and first bishop of the AME Church. He was among numerous AME clergy and members who were active in the civil rights movement, but the institution as a whole at the time did not strongly embrace activism.[6]

Honors

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At a luncheon held on November 4, 1955 at Chicago's Conrad Hilton Hotel, Carey and George B. McKibbin were both honored as knight commanders of the Liberian Humane Order of African Redemption, with the honors being presented to them by Ambassador from Liberia Clarence Lorenzo Simpson in recognition of their contributions towards promoting positive Liberia–United States relations.[8]

Family

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Archibald J. Carey Jr. was married to Hazel Harper. They had a daughter, Carolyn Eloise. Grandchildren: Renee, Jennifer, Nicole, William, Archibald James, Christopher.[9]

He died on April 20, 1981, in Chicago.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Hansen, Drew D. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Speech that Inspired a Nation. New York: Harper Collins. pp. 108. ISBN 978-0060084769.
  2. ^ Carey, Jr., Archibald (2009) [1952]. "Let Freedom Ring". In Bean, Jonathan (ed.). Race and Liberty in America: The Essential Reader. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0813139067.
  3. ^ Beito, David T.; Beito, Linda Royster (2018). T.R.M. Howard: Doctor, Entrepreneur, Civil Rights Pioneer (First ed.). Oakland: Institute. pp. 95–96, 215. ISBN 978-1-59813-312-7.
  4. ^ Brown, Amy (12 April 2009). "Archibald J. Carey, Jr. (1908-1981) •". Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Maxwell Abbell, American Jewish Leader, Dead; Was Close to Eisenhower". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1957-07-10. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
  6. ^ a b Dickerson, Dennis C. (2007). "The Wesleyan Witness in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement: The Allen Legacy Against 20th Century American Apartheid" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  7. ^ "Carey, Archibald J., Jr. | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute". kinginstitute.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
  8. ^ "Liberian Order Honors Carey and McKibbin". Chicago Tribune. November 5, 1955. Retrieved 21 December 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Carey, Archibald J., Jr". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  10. ^ Dickerson, Dennis C. (2010). Background Benefactor: Archibald J. Carey Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement. University Press of Mississippi. doi:10.14325/mississippi/9781604734270.001.0001. ISBN 978-1621030874. S2CID 156045205.

Further reading

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  • William J. Grimshaw (1992), Bitter Fruit: Black Politics and the Chicago Machine, 1931–1991, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0226308937
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