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Arch Street Friends Meeting House

Coordinates: 39°57′7.2″N 75°8′45.9414″W / 39.952000°N 75.146094833°W / 39.952000; -75.146094833
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Arch Street Meeting House
Arch Street Friends Meeting House in 2024
Arch Street Friends Meeting House is located in Philadelphia
Arch Street Friends Meeting House
Arch Street Friends Meeting House is located in Pennsylvania
Arch Street Friends Meeting House
Arch Street Friends Meeting House is located in the United States
Arch Street Friends Meeting House
Location320 Arch Street,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coordinates39°57′7.2″N 75°8′45.9414″W / 39.952000°N 75.146094833°W / 39.952000; -75.146094833
Built1803–05, 1810–11
ArchitectOwen Biddle Jr. (central structure and east wing)[2]
NRHP reference No.71000716[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 27, 1971
Designated NHLJune 23, 2011
Designated PHMCDecember 17, 1954[3]

The Arch Street Meeting House, at 320 Arch Street at the corner of 4th Street in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a Meeting House of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Built to reflect Friends' testimonies of simplicity and equality, this building is little changed after more than two centuries of continuous use.

Pennsylvania founder and Quaker William Penn deeded land to the Society of Friends in 1701 to be used as a burial ground. The east wing and center of the meetinghouse was built between 1803 and 1805 according to a design by the Quaker master-builder Owen Biddle Jr. Biddle is best known as the author of a builder's handbook, The Young Carpenter's Assistant, published in 1805.[2] The building was enlarged in 1810–11, with the addition of the west wing.[2] Architects Walter Ferris Price and Morris & Erskine also contributed to the design and construction of the building. The firm Cope & Lippincott renovated the interior of the east wing and designed the two-story addition behind the center building in 1968–69.[4]

Today, the Meeting House continues to be a center for worship and the activities of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia[5] and Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.

Notable members of the Religious Society of Friends who worshiped at this meetinghouse include abolitionists and woman rights advocates, Sarah and Angelina Grimke.[6] Edward Hicks, the noted painter and cousin of Elias Hicks, also attended meeting here.[7]

The meetinghouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 2011.[8] The latter designation was as a consequence of the building being the only surviving documented work by Owen Biddle.[9]

Historical museum

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The Arch Street Meeting House Preservation Trust, an entity of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, has responsibility for the building and grounds. Its mission is to “preserve, operate, and interpret the meeting house and grounds which will serve to increase public understanding of the impact and continued relevance of Quakers and Quaker history.”[10]

Sounding board and benches for Quakers in large open room
Sounding board and facing benches in East Room of Arch Street Friends Meeting House circa 1970

The East Room has dioramas representing significant events of the Quaker experience in Pennsylvania and North America as well as artifacts offering views into common experiences of Friends. The West Room, still used for large Quaker gatherings and private events, features interpretive panels about Friends’ worship. Notable in the West Room is the sounding board on the south wall, amplifying the voices of Friends seated on benches facing the congregation so that they could be heard throughout the balconied room.

The Reception Room in the center of the building has display cases which change seasonally as well as a small collection of religious books on open shelves.

The Meeting Room is used by the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia for weekly worship services and is often open to view. Notable in this room are the horsehair-filled bench cushions.

The building’s basement has restrooms, and its second floor houses administrative offices and private meeting rooms not open to the public.

The building is open seasonally from Thursday to Sunday. The grounds are open from 9 am to dusk year round.

Arch Street Meeting House is featured on the cover of the 2018 edition of Faith and Practice, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting's book of discipline (standards and practices).

A Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission marker is located at the front of the building. It was dedicated on December 17, 1954.

Place of worship

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Quakers in a meeting room talking
Friends in annual sessions at Arch Street Meeting House circa 1970

The Arch Street Meeting House is a landmark building within the over 100 monthly meetings of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. For most of the 19th and 20th centuries, Friends would come from Philadelphia Yearly Meeting’s four-state geographic area to conduct annual business at its midsummer “sessions”. The meeting house was also the home of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia, which has met here since its completion in 1805.

As of 2024, the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia has two weekly meetings for worship. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting holds two of its three annual business meetings, known as “continuing sessions”, in the West Room. Because of its central location and historic significance, Friends meet at Arch Street for other events during the year.

Revitalization

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The trustees of the Preservation Trust initiated a program in 2022 to revitalize the building’s infrastructure and exhibits. Because of its adjacency to the National Park Service’s Independence National Historical Park, the Trust incorporated local architectural, historic, and NPS standards into the planning process as well as Friends’ own attention to energy conservation.

As of 2024, work is underway to increase the electrical service to the building to permit conversion of its gas boiler to an efficient heating and cooling system. Lighting will be improved and the fire suppression system will be upgraded. In the East Room, the exhibits will be refreshed to offer a more contemporary and inclusive interpretation of the Quaker experience and the testimonies of Friends.

Notable interments

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The ground upon which the meetinghouse was built was the first burial ground for Quakers in Philadelphia.[11] Although the plot was officially given to the Society of Friends by William Penn in 1701, burials had been taking place here since as early as 1683. According to reports, Quakers were buried here alongside of “Indians, Blacks and strangers.”[12]

Notable interments include:

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  • John Lewis Krimmel, Sunday Morning (ca.1813)
    John Lewis Krimmel, Sunday Morning (ca.1813)
  • In the late 19th century
    In the late 19th century
  • The northwest corner (1974), photo by Jack E. Boucher
    The northwest corner (1974), photo by Jack E. Boucher
  • Interior (2010)
    Interior (2010)
  • Historical marker
    Historical marker

See also

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References

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Notes

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ a b c Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004), Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture, ISBN 0962290815, p.33
  3. ^ "PHMC Historical Markers". Historical Marker Database. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  4. ^ "Arch Street Meetinghouse - Related Architects, Engineers, and Others". Philadelphia Architects and Buildings. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  5. ^ "Home". archstreetfriends.org.
  6. ^ Gerda Lerner, The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 42.
  7. ^ a b c d "Arch Street Friends Meeting House". USHistory.org. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007.
  8. ^ "AMERICA'S GREAT OUTDOORS: Secretary Salazar Designates 14 New National Historic Landmarks" (Press release). U.S. Department of the Interior. June 30, 2011.
  9. ^ "NHL nomination for Arch Street Friends Meeting House" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
  10. ^ "Our Story". Arch Street Meeting House. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  11. ^ "Quaker Burial Grounds in Philadelphia 1683-present". Retrieved January 25, 2014.
  12. ^ Watson, John (1830). Annals of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, E.L. Carey & A. Hart. pp. 449–450.
  13. ^ a b Philadelphia Graveyards and Cemeteries. Arcadia Publishing
  14. ^ The WPA Guide to Pennsylvania
  15. ^ Dunn, Richard; Dunn, Mary, eds. (1982). The Papers of William Penn (vol 2) (1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 615. ISBN 0-8122-7852-6.
  16. ^ Soderlund, Jean (1983). William Penn and the Founding of Pennsylvania (1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 387. ISBN 0-8122-1131-6.
  17. ^ "A Booke of records: of bierthes and burials in Philadelphia in the Province of Penezlvania in Amerrica". Philadelphia Congregations Early Records. Christ Church Preservation Trust. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  18. ^ Mucha, Peter (November 11, 2008). "Ceremony honors Marine Corps founder". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  19. ^ Wilson, Gaye. "The American Philosophical Society and Westward Expansion". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Retrieved April 7, 2014.

Further reading

  • Barnes, Gregory. Philadelphia's Arch Street Meeting House: A Biography, Philadelphia, PA: QuakerPress, 2013.
  • Bronner, Edwin B. "Quaker Landmarks in Early Philadelphia", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Ser., Vol. 43, No. 1 (1953), pp. 210–216.
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