Anis al-Dawla
Anis al-Dawla (Persian: انیسالدوله) (c. 1842 - 1896) was a royal consort of shah Naser al-Din Shah Qajar of Persia (r. 1848–1896).[1]
Life
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She born about 1842[2] and was the daughter of an impoverished shepherd from Amamme village in Lavāsān, northeast of Tehran,[1] and was employed as a free maidservant to Jeyrān in the Qajar harem in 1859. She became the favorite of the shah after Jeyrān's death in 1860.
She was the only wife to take meals with Nāṣer-al-dīn, a unique privilege,[3] and to join him regularly at bedtime after he received visits from other wives. She was also the only one to openly criticize him and organise political opposition to government policies that she disagreed with.[4] While the shah had other favorites, such as her own servant Amina Aqdas, she remained his main favorite. He granted the Shahrastanak Palace to her.[3]
She had a great desire to visit the West. In 1873, she did accompany the Shah on his visit to Moscow; however, she was forced to interrupt the visit and return after it became apparent that the host governments was not able to manage the protocol around secluded veiled women. She blamed prime minister Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh, for her interrupted journey, and managed to have him deposed from his post.[1]
In the harem, she took precedence over all other eighty-five wives. She took over the duties by the shah's mother Malek Jahan Khanom after her death in 1873,[1] and was given revenue from districts rather than a salary like the other women. She received the wives of heads of foreign legations and visiting dignitaries.[1] Her influence over the shah resulted in her receiving many appeals from supplicants.
She died soon after Nasir al-Din Shah's assassination.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Nashat, G. (5 August 2011) “ANĪS-AL-DAWLA,” Encyclopædia Iranica, II/1, pp. 74-76, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/anis-al-dawla-d (accessed on 30 December 2012).
- ^ a b "Fatimah Sultan Anis al-Dawlah". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Unseen relics and documents of Anis al-Dowleh to go on show in Shiraz". Tehran Times. 2024-11-01. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ Beck, Lois; Nashat, Guity (2004). Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic. University of Illinois Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-252-02937-0.