Lepraria
(Redirected from Amphiloma)
| Lepraria | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Lepraria lobificans | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Stereocaulaceae |
| Genus: | Lepraria Ach. (1803) |
| Type species | |
| Lepraria incana | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Lepraria is a genus of leprose crustose lichens that grows on its substrate like patches of granular, caked up, mealy dust grains.[2][3] Members of the genus are commonly called dust lichens.[3]: 305 [4][5] The main vegetative body (thallus) is made of patches of soredia (little balls of algae wrapped in fungus).[3] There are no known mechanisms for sexual reproduction, yet members of the genus continue to speciate.[2][3] Some species can form marginal lobes and appear squamulose.[3] Because of the morphological simplicity of the thallus and the absence of sexual structures, the composition of lichen products (i.e., secondary metabolites made by lichens) are important characters to distinguish between similar species in Lepraria.[6]
Taxonomy
[edit]Lepraria was circumscribed in 1803 by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius.[7] Jack Laundon assigned Lepraria incana as the type species of the genus in 1992.[8] It is in the family Stereocaulaceae.[9]
Species
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- Lepraria achariana Flakus & Kukwa (2007)[10] – South America
- Lepraria alba (Roth) Ach. (1799)
- Lepraria albicans (Th.Fr.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria alpina (B.de Lesd.) Tretiach & Baruffo (2006)
- Lepraria alternata Elix (2013)[11] – Australia
- Lepraria arbuscula (Nyl.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria atlantica Orange (2001)
- Lepraria atrotomentosa Orange & Wolseley (2001)
- Lepraria aurescens Orange & Wolseley (2005)[12] – Thailand
- Lepraria barbatica Lendemer (2010)[13]
- Lepraria bergensis Tønsberg (2002)[14]
- Lepraria borealis Loht. & Tønsberg (1994)[15]
- Lepraria brasiliensis Elix, A.A.Spielm. & Øvstedal (2010)
- Lepraria brodoi Lendemer & Tønsberg (2014)[16] – North America
- Lepraria cacuminum (A.Massal.) Kümmerl. & Leuckert (1995)
- Lepraria caesiella R.C.Harris (2005)
- Lepraria caesioalba (B.de Lesd.) J.R.Laundon (1992)
- Lepraria celata Slav.-Bay. (2006)
- Lepraria chileana Grewe, Barcenas-Peña, R.Diaz & Lumbsch (2021)[17] – Chile
- Lepraria congesta (Nyl.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria crassissima (Hue) Lettau (1958)
- Lepraria cryophila Lendemer (2010)[13]
- Lepraria cryptovouauxii Kukwa, Flakus & Guzow-Krzemińska (2019)
- Lepraria cupressicola (Hue) J.R.Laundon (2008)
- Lepraria dibenzofuranica Elix (2008)[18] – Australia
- Lepraria diffusa (J.R.Laundon) Kukwa (2002)
- Lepraria disjuncta Lendemer (2010)[13]
- Lepraria ecorticata (J.R.Laundon) Kukwa (2006)
- Lepraria elobata Tønsberg (1992)
- Lepraria friabilis Lendemer, K.Knudsen & Elix (2008)
- Lepraria gelida Tønsberg & Zhurb. (2006)[19]
- Lepraria glaucosorediata Flakus & Kukwa (2009)
- Lepraria goughensis Elix & Øvstedal (2005)
- Lepraria gracilescens (Nyl.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria granulata Slav.-Bay. (2007)[20] – Eastern and Central Europe
- Lepraria granulosa Slav.-Bay. (2007)
- Lepraria harrisiana Lendemer (2012)
- Lepraria hodkinsoniana Lendemer (2011)
- Lepraria humida Slav.-Bay. & Orange (2006)
- Lepraria impossibilis Sipman (2004)
- Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. (1803)
- Lepraria indica Rajesh Bajpai & Upreti (2018)[21] – India
- Lepraria isidiata (Llimona) Llimona & A.Crespo (2004)
- Lepraria jackii Tønsberg (1992)
- Lepraria juanfernandezii M.Kukwa (2019)
- Lepraria lanata Tønsberg (2007)[22]
- Lepraria larrainiana Lendemer (2010)[23] – Chile
- Lepraria lecanorica Tønsberg (2004)
- Lepraria lendemeri Bungartz, Elix, G.Hillmann & Kalb (2013)
- Lepraria leuckertiana (Zedda) L.Saag (2009)
- Lepraria lobata Elix & Kalb (2006)[24] – Australia
- Lepraria lobificans Nyl. (1873)
- Lepraria maderensis Kukwa & Flakus (2011)
- Lepraria malouina Øvstedal (2012)[25] – Falkland Islands
- Lepraria membranacea (Dicks.) Vain. (1921)
- Lepraria methylbarbatica Elix (2008)
- Lepraria multiacida Aptroot (2002)
- Lepraria neojackii Flakus & Kukwa (2007)
- Lepraria neozelandica Barcenas-Peña, Grewe & Lumbsch (2021)[17] – New Zealand
- Lepraria nigrocincta Diederich, Sérus. & Aptroot (1997)
- Lepraria nivalis J.R.Laundon (1992)
- Lepraria normandinoides Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2007)
- Lepraria nothofagi Elix & Kukwa (2010)
- Lepraria nylanderiana Kümmerl. & Leuckert (1995)
- Lepraria ohmiensis Kashiw., Keis. Kobay. & K.H.Moon (2009)
- Lepraria oxybapha Lendemer (2012)
- Lepraria pacifica Lendemer (2011)
- Lepraria pallida Sipman (2004)
- Lepraria pseudoarbuscula (Asahina) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria pulchra Orange & Wolseley (2005)
- Lepraria rigidula (B.de Lesd.) Tønsberg (1992)
- Lepraria salazinica Tønsberg (2007)[22]
- Lepraria santosii Argüello & A.Crespo (2006)
- Lepraria sekikaica Elix (2011)
- Lepraria sipmaniana (Kümmerl. & Leuckert) Kukwa (2002)
- Lepraria squamatica Elix (2006)
- Lepraria stephaniana Elix, Flakus & Kukwa (2010)
- Lepraria subalbicans (I.M.Lamb) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria sulphurella Räsänen (1949)
- Lepraria svalbardensis Tønsberg (2009)
- Lepraria sylvicola Orange (2006)[26]
- Lepraria tenella (Tuck.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
- Lepraria toilenae Kantvilas & Kukwa (2006)
- Lepraria torii Pérez-Ort. & T.Sprib. (2009)[27]
- Lepraria umbricola Tønsberg (1992)
- Lepraria ulrikii Grewe, Barcenas-Peña, R.Diaz & Lumbsch (2021)[17] – Australasia
- Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) R.C.Harris (1987)
- Lepraria xanthonica Lendemer (2010)[13]
- Lepraria xerophila Tønsberg (2004)
- Lepraria zeorinica (L.Saag) Kukwa (2009)
References
[edit]- ^ "Synonymy. Current Name: Lepraria Ach., Methodus, Sectio prior (Stockholmiæ): 3 (1803)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ a b A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana, James C. Lendemer , Mycologia 103(6): 1216-1229, [1]
- ^ a b c d e Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
- ^ Dust Lichen (Lepraria), Encyclopedia of Life
- ^ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search
- ^ Fehrer, Judith; Slavíková-Bayerová, Štěpánka; Orange, Alan (2008). "Large genetic divergence of new, morphologically similar species of sterile lichens from Europe (Lepraria, Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota): concordance of DNA sequence data with secondary metabolites". Cladistics. 24 (4): 443–458. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00216.x. PMID 34879629.
- ^ Acharius, E. (1803). Methodus qua Omnes Detectos Lichenes Secundum Organa Carpomorpha ad Genera, Species et Varietates Redigere atque Observationibus Illustrare Tentavit Erik Acharius (in Latin). Stockholm: Impensis F.D.D. Ulrich. p. 3.
- ^ Laundon, Jack R. (1992). "Lepraria in the British Isles". The Lichenologist. 24 (4): 315–350. doi:10.1017/S002428299200046X. S2CID 90372233.
- ^ Sharnoff S, Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08249-5.
- ^ Flakus, Adam; Elix, John A.; Rodriguez, Pamela; Kukwa, Martin (2007). "New species and records of Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from South America". The Lichenologist. 43 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1017/S0024282910000502. S2CID 84508078.
- ^ Elix, J.A. (2013). "New crustose lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 73: 45–53.
- ^ Orange, Alan; Wolseley, Patricia (2005). "Two new thamnolic acid-containing Lepraria species from Thailand". The Lichenologist. 37 (3): 247–250. doi:10.1017/S0024282905015136. S2CID 84872350.
- ^ a b c d Lendemer, James C. (2010). "Notes on Lepraria s.l. (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) in North America: New species, new reports, and preliminary keys". Brittonia. 62 (3): 267–292. doi:10.1007/s12228-010-9142-4. JSTOR 40980940. S2CID 41520611.
- ^ Tønsberg, T. (2002). "Notes on non-corticolous Lepraria s. lat. in Norway". Graphis Scripta. 13 (2): 45–51.
- ^ Lohtander, K. (1994). "The genus Lepraria in Finland". Annales Botanici Fennici. 31 (4): 223–231.
- ^ Lendemer, J.C.; Tønsberg, T. (2014). "Lepraria brodoi (Stereocaulaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from the temperate rainforests of western Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S.A.". Opuscula Philolichenum. 13: 20–25.
- ^ a b c Barcenas-Peña, Alejandrina; Diaz, Rudy; Grewe, Felix; Widhelm, Todd; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2021). "Contributions to the phylogeny of Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) species from the Southern Hemisphere, including three new species". The Bryologist. 124 (4): 494–505. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-124.4.494. S2CID 239558167.
- ^ Elix, J.A. (2008). "Additional new lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 63: 30–36.
- ^ Tønsberg, T.; Zhurbenko, M. (2006). "Lepraria gelida, a new species from the Arctic". Graphis Scripta. 18: 64.
- ^ Slavíková-Bayerová, Štěpánka; Fehrer, Judith (2007). "New species of the Lepraria neglecta group (Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota) from Europe". The Lichenologist. 39 (4): 319–327. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006688. S2CID 86504809.
- ^ Baajpai, R.; Nayaka, S.; Upreti, D.K. (2018). "The Lichen genera Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Leprocaulon (Leprocaulaceae) in India". Phytotaxa. 356 (2): 101–116. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.356.2.1. S2CID 89970649.
- ^ a b Tønsberg, T. (2007). "Notes on the lLichen genus Lepraria in Great Smoky Mountains National Park; southeastern North America: Lepraria lanata and L. salazinica spp. nov". Opuscula Philolichenum. 4: 51–54.
- ^ Lendemer, James C. (2010). "Lepraria larrainiana (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from central Chile". Gayana Botánica. 67 (2): 238–241. doi:10.4067/S0717-66432010000200010.
- ^ Elix, J.A. (2006). "New species of sterile crustose lichens from Australasia". Mycotaxon. 94: 219–224.
- ^ Fryday, Alan M.; Øvstedal, Dag O. (2012). "New species, combinations and records of lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". The Lichenologist. 44 (4): 483–500. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000163. S2CID 87490768.
- ^ Slavíková-Bayerová, štěpánka; Orange, Alan (2006). "Three new species of Lepraria (Ascomycota, Stereocaulaceae) containing fatty acids and atranorin". The Lichenologist. 38 (6): 503–513. doi:10.1017/S0024282906006177. S2CID 85088835.
- ^ Pérez-Ortega, S.; Spribille, T. (2009). "Lepraria torii, a new epiphytic species with fumarprotocetraric acid from northwest North America". Graphis Scripta. 21 (2): 36–41.