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{{otherpersons}}
{{Infobox Football biography
| playername = Sir Alex Ferguson
| image = [[Image:Alex Ferguson.jpg|250px|Sir Alex Ferguson]]
| fullname = Alexander Chapman Ferguson
| dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1941|12|31}}
| cityofbirth = [[Glasgow]]
| countryofbirth = [[Scotland]]
| currentclub = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ([[Coach (sport)|manager]])
| position = [[Striker]] (retired)
| years = 1957&ndash;1960<br/>1960&ndash;1964<br/>1964&ndash;1967<br/>1967&ndash;1969<br/>1969&ndash;1973<br/>1973&ndash;1974
| clubs = [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]<br/>[[St. Johnstone F.C.|St. Johnstone]]<br/>[[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]]<br/>[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]<br/>[[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]<br/>[[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]]<br />'''Total'''
| caps(goals) = {{0}}32 {{0}}(11)<br/>{{0}}37 {{0}}(19)<br/>{{0}}88 {{0}}(66)<br/>{{0}}41 {{0}}(25)<br/>106 {{0}}(37)<br/>{{0}}24 {{0}}{{0}}(9)<br />'''327 (167)'''
| manageryears = 1974<br>1974&ndash;1978<br>1978&ndash;1986<br>1985&ndash;1986<br>1986&ndash;
| managerclubs = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]<br>[[St. Mirren F.C.|St. Mirren]]<br>[[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]<br>[[Scotland national football team|Scotland]]<br>[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
}}
'''[[Knight Bachelor|Sir]] Alexander Chapman Ferguson''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (born [[31 December]] [[1941]] in [[Govan]], [[Glasgow]]) is a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[football (soccer)|football]] [[coach (sports)|manager]] and former player, currently managing [[Manchester United F.C.]], where he has been in charge for over 1,000 matches. Considered to be one of the best managers in the game, he has won more trophies than any other manager in the history of [[England|English]] football. With 21 years under his belt, he is the second-longest serving manager in the history of Manchester United after [[Sir Matt Busby]]. He currently holds the [[Freedom of the City of Aberdeen]], due to his services to the city.

Ferguson previously managed [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]] and [[St. Mirren F.C.|St. Mirren]], before a highly successful period as manager of [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]. Briefly manager of the [[Scotland national football team|Scotland national team]] – in a temporary capacity owing to the death of [[Jock Stein]] – he was appointed manager of [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in November 1986.

At Manchester United, Sir Alex has become the most successful manager in the history of English football, having guided the team to ten league championships. In 1999, he became the first manager to lead an English team to the treble of [[Premier League|league championship]], [[FA Cup]] and [[UEFA Champions League]]. As well as being the only manager to win the FA Cup five times, he is also the only manager ever to win three successive league championships in the top flight in England with the same club (1998-1999, 1999-2000 and 2000-2001). In 2008, he joined [[Brian Clough]] ([[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]) and [[Bob Paisley]] ([[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]) as only the third British manager to win the European Cup on more than one occasion.

One recurring theme of Ferguson's management of Manchester United has been his view that no player is bigger than the club. He has consistently taken a "my way or the highway" approach in his dealings with players and the pressure of this management tactic has often been the cause of many notable players' departures. Over the years players such as [[Gordon Strachan]], [[Paul McGrath (footballer)|Paul McGrath]], [[Paul Ince]], [[Jaap Stam]], [[Dwight Yorke]], [[David Beckham]] and more recently, [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]] and [[Gabriel Heinze]] have left the club after varying degrees of conflict with Ferguson. It is also suggested that one of the most inspirational players in the club's history, [[Roy Keane]] was also a victim of Ferguson's wrath following damning criticism of his team mates on the club's in-house television channel, MUTV. This disciplinary line that he takes with such highly-paid, high-profile players has been mentioned as a reason for the ongoing success of Manchester United.

==Background and personal life==
The son of Alexander Beaton Ferguson, a plater's helper in the shipbuilding industry, and his wife, the former Elizabeth Hardie,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/portal/main.jhtml?xml=/portal/2007/05/05/nosplit/ftdet05.xml Family detective - Telegraph<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Ferguson lives in [[Wilmslow]], [[Cheshire]], with his wife, Cathy Ferguson (née Holding), whom he married in 1966. They have three sons: Mark (born 1968) and twins (born 1972) [[Darren Ferguson|Darren]], manager of [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] and Jason, who runs an events management company.

==Playing career==
Alex Ferguson grew up in [[Govan]], attending Govan High School, and supported [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]. His playing career began as an amateur with [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]], where he made his debut as a [[striker]] aged 16. He described his first match as a "nightmare"<ref name="nightmare">{{cite book| first=Michael| last=Crick| title=The Boss: The Many Sides of Alex Ferguson| publisher=Pocket Books| year=2003| id=ISBN 0-7434-2991-5| pages=33}}</ref> but scored Queen's Park's goal in a 2-1 defeat against [[Stranraer F.C.|Stranraer]]. As Queen's Park were an amateur team he also worked in the [[River Clyde|Clyde shipyards]] as an apprentice tool-worker, where he became an active trade union [[Union steward|shop steward]]. Perhaps his most notable game for Queens Park was the 7 - 1 defeat away to [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] on [[Boxing day]] [[1959]] when ex [[England]] international [[Ivor Broadis]] scored four for [[Queen of the South F.C.|QoS]]. Ferguson was the Queens Park scorer.<ref>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football-news/2008/04/16/on-the-record-86908-20384386/]</ref>

Although he scored 20 [[Goal (sport)|goal]]s in his 31 games for Queen's Park, he could not command a regular place in the side and moved to [[St. Johnstone F.C.|St. Johnstone]] in 1960. Although he continued to score regularly at St. Johnstone, he was still unable to command a regular place and regularly requested transfers. Although he was out of favour at the club, their failure to sign a forward led the manager to select Ferguson for a match against [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], in which he scored a [[hat trick]] in a surprise victory. [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline]] signed him the following summer (1964), and Ferguson became a full-time professional footballer.

The following season (1964-65), Dunfermline were strong challengers for the Scottish League and reached the Scottish Cup Final, but Ferguson was dropped for the final after a poor performance in a league game against St. Johnstone. Dunfermline lost the final 3-2 to Celtic, then failed to win the League by one point.

The 1965-66 season saw Ferguson notch up 45 goals in 51 games for Dunfermline.

In 1967, he joined Rangers for £65,000, then a record fee for a transfer between two Scottish clubs. He was blamed for a goal that they conceded in the 1969 Scottish cup final,<ref name="blame">''The Boss'' p. 82</ref> and was forced to play for the club's junior side instead of the first team.<ref name="junior">''The Boss'' p. 83</ref> According to his brother, Ferguson was so upset by the experience that he threw his losers' medal away.<ref name="losersmedal">''The Boss'' p. 86</ref> There have been claims that he suffered discrimination at Rangers after his marriage to his wife Cathie, who was a Catholic<ref>Harry Reid (2005), The Final Whistle?, Birlinn, 223 ISBN 1-84158-362-6</ref> but Ferguson himself makes it clear in his autobiography<ref>Managing My Life, Coronet Books, ISBN-10: 0340728566 ISBN-13: 978-0340728567</ref> that Rangers knew of his wife's religion when he joined the club and that he left the club very reluctantly, due to the fall-out from his alleged cup final mistake.

The following October, [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] wanted to sign Ferguson,<ref name="signforest">''The Boss'' p. 85</ref> but his wife was not keen on moving to England at that time so he went to [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] instead. He was promoted to player-coach there, but when [[John Prentice (footballer)|John Prentice]] became manager he removed Ferguson's coaching responsibilities. Ferguson responded by requesting a transfer and moved to [[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]], where he finished his playing career in 1974.

==Early managerial career==
===East Stirlingshire===
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Alex 1974.gif|right|frame|[[Sir Alex Ferguson]] with "The Shire" - 1974.]] -->
In June 1974, Ferguson was appointed manager of [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]], at the comparatively young age of 32. It was a part-time job that paid £40 per week, and the club did not have a single [[goalkeeper]] at the time.<ref name="boss108-9">''The Boss'' p. 108-9.</ref> He immediately gained a reputation as a disciplinarian, with club forward Bobby McCulley later saying he had "never been afraid of anyone before but Ferguson was a frightening bastard from the start."<ref name="bastard">{{cite web|title=A leader of men is what he does best| work=The Guardian, [[23 November]] [[2004]] | url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,1563,1357257,00.html | accessmonthday=9 March | accessyear=2007}}</ref> His players admired his tactical decisions, however, and the club's results improved considerably.

The following October, Ferguson was invited to manage [[St. Mirren F.C.|St. Mirren]]. Although they were below [[East Stirlingshire]] in the league, they were a bigger club and although Ferguson felt a degree of loyalty towards [[East Stirlingshire]], he decided to join [[St. Mirren F.C.|St. Mirren]] after taking advice from [[Jock Stein]].<ref name="boss117">''The Boss'' p. 117.</ref>

===St Mirren===
Ferguson was manager of St Mirren from 1974-1978, producing a remarkable transformation of a team in the lower half of the old Second Division watched by crowds of just over 1,000, to first division champions in 1977, discovering talent like Billy Stark, Tony Fitzpatrick, Lex Richardson, Frank McGarvey, Bobby Reid and Peter Weir while playing superb attacking football.<ref name="Sunday Herald St. Mirren article">{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_19990530/ai_n13939368 |title= Sunday Herald St. Mirren article |accessdate=2007-11-09 }}</ref> The average age of the league winning team was 19 and the captain Tony Fitzpatrick was 20.<ref name="FA article">{{cite web |url=http://www.thefa.com/Features/Postings/2004/05/GafferTapes_SirAlexFerguson.htm |title= FA article |accessdate=2007-11-09 }}</ref>

St Mirren have been the only club ever to sack Ferguson. He claimed wrongful dismissal against the club at an industrial tribunal but lost and was given no leave to appeal. According to a Billy Adams Sunday Herald article on [[30 May]] [[1999]], the official version is that Ferguson was sacked for various breaches of contract including unauthorised payments to players.<ref name="Sunday Herald St. Mirren article">{{citeweb|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_19990530/ai_n13939368|title= Sunday Herald St. Mirren article|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> He was counter-accused of intimidating behaviour towards his office secretary because he wanted players to get some expenses tax free. He didn't speak to her for six weeks, confiscated her keys and communicated only through a 17-year-old assistant. The tribunal concluded that Ferguson was "particularly petty" and "immature" . <ref name="Guardian bullying article">{{citeweb|url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,1684473,00.html|title= Guardian bullying article|accessdate=2007-11-11}}</ref>

{{sectstub}}

==Managing Aberdeen==
===Early disappointment===
Ferguson joined Aberdeen as manager in June 1978, replacing [[Billy McNeill]] who had only lasted a season before he was offered the chance to manage [[Celtic F.C|Celtic]]. Although Aberdeen was one of Scotland's major clubs, they had not won the league since 1955. The team had been playing well, however, and had not lost a league match since the previous December, having finished second in the league the previous season.<ref name="boss159">''The Boss'' p. 159.</ref> Ferguson had now been a manager for four years, but was still not much older than some of the players and had trouble winning the respect of some of the older ones such as [[Joe Harper (footballer)|Joe Harper]].<ref name="boss171">''The Boss'' p. 171.</ref> The season did not go especially well, with Aberdeen reaching the semi-final of the [[Scottish Cup|Scottish F.A. Cup]] and the final of the [[Scottish League Cup|league cup]], but losing both matches and finishing fourth in the league.

The following December (1979), they lost the league cup final again, this time to [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] after a replay. Ferguson took the blame for the defeat, saying he should have made changes to the team for the replay.<ref name="boss174">''The Boss'' p. 174.</ref>

===Silverware at last===
Aberdeen had started the season poorly but their form improved dramatically in the new year and they won the Scottish league that season with a 5-0 win on the final day. It was the first time in fifteen years that the league had not been won by either [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] or [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]. Ferguson now felt that he had the respect of his players, later saying "That was the achievement which united us. I finally had the players believing in me".<ref name="boss175">''The Boss'' p. 175.</ref>

He was still a strict disciplinarian, though, and his players nicknamed him ''Furious Fergie''. He fined one of his players, [[John Hewitt (footballer)|John Hewitt]], for overtaking him on a public road,<ref name="boss179">''The Boss'' p. 179.</ref> and kicked a tea urn at the players at half time after a poor first half.<ref name="boss180">''The Boss'' p. 180.</ref> He was dissatisfied with the atmosphere at Aberdeen matches, and deliberately created a 'siege mentality' by accusing the Scottish media of being biased towards the Glasgow clubs, in order to motivate the team.<ref name="boss191">''The Boss'' p. 191.</ref> The team continued their success with a Scottish Cup win in 1982. Ferguson was offered the managers' job at [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]] but turned it down as he felt that Wolves were in trouble<ref name="boss195">''The Boss'' p. 195</ref> and "[his] ambitions at Aberdeen were not even half fulfilled".<ref name="boss196">''The Boss'' p. 196.</ref>

===European success===
Ferguson led Aberdeen to even greater success the following season (1982-83). They had qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup as a result of winning the Scottish Cup the previous season, and impressively knocked out [[Bayern Munich]], who had beaten [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] 4&ndash;1 in the previous round. According to [[Willie Miller]], this gave them the confidence to believe that they could go on to win the competition,<ref name="boss201">''The Boss'' p. 201.</ref> which they did, with a 2&ndash;1 victory over [[Real Madrid]] in the final on [[11 May]] [[1983]]. Aberdeen became only the third Scottish team to win a European trophy and Ferguson now felt that "he'd done something worthwhile with his life".<ref name="boss203">''The Boss'' p. 203.</ref> Aberdeen had also performed well in the league that season, and retained the Scottish Cup with a 1&ndash;0 victory over Rangers, but Ferguson was not happy with his team's play in that match and upset the players by describing them as a "disgraceful performance" in a televised interview after the match<ref name="boss204">''The Boss'' p. 204.</ref> - a statement that he later retracted.

After a sub-standard start to the 1983-84 season, Aberdeen's form improved and the team won the Scottish league and retained the Scottish Cup. Ferguson was awarded the [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] in the 1984 honours list<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/561724.stm |title=Lewis heads sporting honours |accessdate=2007-06-18 |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=1999-12-12 |format= |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |pages= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref>, and was offered the managers' jobs at [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] and [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] during the season. Aberdeen retained their league title in the 1984-85 season, but had a disappointing season in 1985-86, finishing fourth in the league, although they did win both domestic cups. Ferguson had been appointed to the club's board of directors early in 1986, but that April he told Dick Donald, their chairman, that he intended to leave that summer. After the death of [[Jock Stein]] he had also taken on the role of Scotland manager in preparation for the [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986 World Cup]], appointing [[Archie Knox]] as his co-manager at Aberdeen during this time. There had been speculation that he would take over from [[Ron Atkinson]] at [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], who had been struggling badly that season after a good start. Although Ferguson remained at the club over the summer, he did eventually join Manchester United when Atkinson was sacked in November 1986.

==Managing Manchester United==
===First seasons at United===
He was appointed manager at [[Old Trafford]] on [[6 November]] [[1986]]. Ferguson was worried that many of the players, such as [[Norman Whiteside]], [[Paul McGrath (footballer)|Paul McGrath]] and [[Bryan Robson]] were drinking too much and was "depressed" by their level of fitness, but he managed to increase the players' discipline and United climbed up the table to finish the season in 11th place. His mother died from lung cancer in late 1986.

Ferguson made several major signings in the 1987&ndash;88 season, including [[Steve Bruce]], [[Viv Anderson]], [[Brian McClair]] and [[Jim Leighton]]. The new players greatly improved the team and they finished in second place, nine points behind Liverpool.

United were expected to do well when [[Mark Hughes]] returned to the club, but the 1988-89 season was a disappointment for them, finishing eleventh in the league and losing 1&ndash;0 at home to Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup quarter final.

===First trophy in England===
During the summer of 1989 United signed two new midfielders to bolster their chances of success in the 1989-90 season: Nottingham Forest's [[Neil Webb]] and West Ham United's [[Paul Ince]]. Middlesbrough's 24-year-old central defender [[Gary Pallister]] also joined the club for a fee of £2.3million. On the opening day of the 1989-90 season, United beat defending champions [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] 4-1. But in September, United suffered a humiliating 5&ndash;1 away defeat against neighbours [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]. Things did not improve during the rest of the 1989, and in November a banner declaring "Three years of excuses and it's still crap. Ta ra Fergie." was displayed at Old Trafford, and many journalists and supporters called for Ferguson to be sacked.<ref name="3years">{{cite web | title=Arise Sir Alex?| work=BBC News, [[27 May]] [[1999]] | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/05/99/uniteds_treble_triumph/354282.stm | accessdate=December 3 | accessyear=2005}}</ref> United went on a run of six defeats and two draws in eight games and Ferguson later described December 1989 as "the darkest period [he had] ever suffered in the game."<ref name="jc27">{{cite book| first=Alex| last=Ferguson| coauthors=Peter Fitton| title=Just Champion!| publisher=Manchester United Football Club plc| year=1993| id=ISBN 0-9520509-1-9| pages= 27}}</ref>

In January 1990, Manchester United were drawn away to [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] in the third round of the [[FA Cup]]. Forest were one of the most feared cup teams in that era, and it was expected that United would lose the match and Ferguson would consequently be sacked, but United won the game 1&ndash;0 and eventually reached the final. This cup win is often cited as the match which saved Ferguson's Old Trafford career.

In the final United drew 3&ndash;3 with [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]. United's goalkeeper, [[Jim Leighton]], was heavily criticised for two of Crystal Palace's goals, and his form over the whole season had been poor. Ferguson surprised many by replacing Leighton with [[Les Sealey]] for the replay, feeling that Leighton was "not in the right mental state" to play in the replay.<ref name="mml285">''Managing My Life'' p. 285.</ref> United won the match 1&ndash;0 with a goal from defender [[Lee A. Martin|Lee Martin]]. As FA Cup winners, United became [[England]]'s representatives in the [[Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners Cup]] the following season. However, they had finished a disappointing 13th in the league.

===European success, but a disappointment in the league===
Although United's league form improved greatly in 1990&ndash;[[1991|91]], they were still inconsistent and finished sixth. They reached the League Cup final, but lost 1&ndash;0 to [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]], who were managed by Ferguson's predecessor at United, [[Ron Atkinson]]. They also reached the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup, beating that season's Spanish champions [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in the final. After the match, Ferguson announced to journalists that United would win the league the following season.<ref name="mml302">''Managing My Life'' p. 302.</ref> It was a brave prediction, considering that the club had failed to do so since 1967.

The 1991&ndash;[[1992|92]] season did not live up to Ferguson's expectations and in Ferguson's words, "many in the media felt that [his] mistakes had contributed to the misery".<ref name="mml311">''Managing My Life'' p. 311.</ref> They won the [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] and [[UEFA Super Cup|Super Cup]] for the first time but lost out on the league title to rivals [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]] after leading the table for much of the season. Ferguson felt that his failure to sign [[Mick Harford]] from [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] had cost United the league, and that he needed "an extra dimension" to the team if they were to win the league the following season.<ref name="mml320">''Managing My Life'' p. 320.</ref>

===1992&ndash;1993: Champions at last===
After a slow start to the season (they were 10th of 22 at the beginning of November) it looked as though United would miss out on the championship again. But then Alex Ferguson paid [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]] £1.2 million for their French striker [[Eric Cantona]] and the deal proved to be a turning point in the history of Manchester United. Cantona formed a strong partnership with [[Mark Hughes]] and fired the club to the top of the table, ending United's 26-year wait, and also making them the first ever Premiership Champions, after the league reform. Alex Ferguson was voted Manager of the Year by the League Managers' Association.

===1993&ndash;1994: The Double===
1993&ndash;94 brought more success. He added Nottingham Forest's 22-year-old midfielder [[Roy Keane]] to the ranks for a British record fee of £3.75million as a long term replacement for [[Bryan Robson]], who was nearing the end of his career.

United led the 1993&ndash;94 Premiership table virtually from start to finish. Cantona was top scorer with 25 goals in all competitions despite being [[Misconduct (football)|sent off]] twice in the space of five days in March 1994. United also reached the League Cup final but lost 3-1 to [[Ron Atkinson]]'s Aston Villa. In the FA Cup final Manchester United achieved an impressive 4-0 scoreline against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]. United had become only the sixth club ever to win [[The Double|the League Championship/FA Cup double]]. Ferguson made only one close-season signing, paying [[Blackburn Rovers]] £1.2million for [[David May (footballer)|David May]].

===1994&ndash;1995: Trophyless season===
1994&ndash;95 was a harder season for Ferguson. Cantona assaulted a [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] supporter in a game at [[Selhurst Park]], and it seemed likely he would leave English football. An eight month ban saw Cantona miss the final four months of the season. He also received a 14-day prison sentence for the offence but the sentence was quashed on appeal and replaced by a 120-hour community service order. On the brighter side, United paid a British record fee of £7million for [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle's]] prolific striker [[Andy Cole]], with young winger [[Keith Gillespie]] heading to the north-east in exchange.

However, the championship slipped out of Manchester United's grasp as they drew 1&ndash;1 with [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] on the final day of the season, when a win would have given them the league. United also lost the FA Cup final in a 1-0 defeat to [[Everton F.C.|Everton]].

===1995&ndash;1996: The Double Double===
Ferguson was heavily criticised in the summer of 1995 when three of United's star players were allowed to leave and replacements were not bought. First [[Paul Ince]] moved to [[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Internazionale]] of Italy for £7.5 million, long serving striker [[Mark Hughes]] was suddenly sold to Chelsea in a £1.5 million deal, and [[Andrei Kanchelskis]] was sold to Everton. It was widely known that Ferguson felt that United had a number of young players who were ready to play in the first team. The youngsters, who would be known as "Fergie's Fledglings", included [[Gary Neville]], [[Phil Neville]], [[David Beckham]], [[Paul Scholes]] and [[Nicky Butt]], who would all go on to be important members of the team.

When United lost their first league match 3&ndash;1 to [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]], the media swooped upon Ferguson with undisguised glee. They wrote United off because Alex Ferguson's squad contained so many young and inexperienced players. [[Match of the Day]] pundit, [[Alan Hansen]] infamously proclaimed that "you can't win anything with kids". However, the young players performed well and United won their next five matches.

Cantona's return from suspension was a boost, but they found themselves fourteen points behind [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle]]. However a series of good results in early 1996 saw the gap close, and from early March onwards United led the table. This contrasted with a disastrous run of form for Newcastle, whose manager, [[Kevin Keegan]], succumbed to the immense pressure of the title race, and the [[mind game]]s Ferguson famously loves to play with opposing managers. His famous outburst on live television, "I'd love it if we beat them! Love it!" has gone down in football legend as Fergie's greatest personal victory over another manager. United's Premiership title success was confirmed on the final day of the season. They played Liverpool in that year's FA Cup final, winning 1&ndash;0 with a late goal by Cantona.

===1996&ndash;1997: Another title===
1996&ndash;97 saw Alex Ferguson guide Manchester United to their fourth Premiership title in five seasons. In late October, they suffered three league defeats in a row and conceded 13 goals in the process. They also lost their 40 year unbeaten home record in Europe to unfancied Turkish side [[Fenerbahçe]]. But they still reached the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] semi final, where they lost to [[Borussia Dortmund]] of Germany. At the end of the season, Cantona surprisingly retired from football.

===1997&ndash;1998: No silverware===
Ferguson made two new signings to bolster United's challenge for the 1997-98 season, 31-year-old England striker [[Teddy Sheringham]] and defender [[Henning Berg]]. However the season ended trophyless as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] won the Premiership under French manager [[Arsene Wenger]], who started a long-lasting rivalry with Ferguson. The summer of 1998 saw striker [[Dwight Yorke]], Dutch defender [[Jaap Stam]] and the Swedish winger [[Jesper Blomqvist]] join Manchester United.

===1998&ndash;1999: The Treble===
1998&ndash;99 saw the club winning an unprecedented treble of the [[FA Premier League|Premiership title]], [[FA Cup]] and [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]]. The season was characterized by highly dramatic matches. In the Champions League semi-final second leg, United conceded two early goals away to [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]; however, inspired by [[Roy Keane]], who would later miss the final through suspension, United came back to beat Juventus 3-2 and reach their first European Cup final since 1968. In the FA Cup semi-final, United faced close rivals Arsenal and appeared to be heading for defeat when Keane was sent off and Arsenal were awarded a last-minute penalty. [[Peter Schmeichel]] saved the penalty, and in extra time [[Ryan Giggs]] ran the length of the pitch to score a memorable winning goal. They then defeated [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] 2-0 in the FA Cup Final at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]] thanks to goals from Teddy Sheringham and Paul Scholes. The European triumph was the most incredible of all. With 90 minutes on the clock they were 1-0 down to [[Bayern Munich]] at the [[Camp Nou|Nou Camp]] in Barcelona thanks to a [[Mario Basler]] free kick, but in 3 minutes of injury time allowed by referee [[Pierluigi Collina]], [[Teddy Sheringham]], a substitute, equalised and extra time looked certain. But with just seconds left on the clock, [[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]], also a late substitution scored the winning goal and history was made.

On [[12 June]] [[1999]], Alex Ferguson received a knighthood in recognition of his services to the game.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/06/99/queens_birthday_honours/366834.stm |title=Arise Sir Alex |accessdate=2007-06-18 |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=1999-06-12 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |pages= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref>

===1999-2000: Title number 6===
Manchester United ended the 1999-2000 season as champions with just three Premiership defeats, and a cushion of 18 points. The massive gap between United and the rest of the Premiership caused some to wonder if the club's financial dominance was developing into a problem for the English game.

In April 2000, it was announced that Manchester United had agreed to sign Dutch striker [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]] from [[PSV Eindhoven]] for a British record fee of £18million. But the move was put on hold when van Nistelrooy failed a medical, and he then returned to his homeland in a bid to regain fitness, only to suffer a serious knee injury which ruled him out for almost a year.

===2000-01: Title number 7===
29-year-old French goalkeeper [[Fabien Barthez]] was signed from [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]] for £7.8million - making him the most expensive goalkeeper to be signed by a British club, and United won the title again. During the 2001 close season [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]] joined, and soon after Manchester United again broke the British transfer record - this time paying [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]] £28.1million for Argentine attacking midfielder [[Juan Sebastián Verón]].

Veron failed to live up to the high expectations his transfer fee suggested and he was sold to [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] for £15million only two years later.

===2001-02: Trophyless season===
Two games into the 2001-02 season, Dutch central defender [[Jaap Stam]] was sold to [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]] in a £16million deal. The reason for Stam's departure was believed to have been claims in his autobiography ''Head to Head'' that he had been illegally spoken to about a move to Manchester United by Alex Ferguson, before his previous club [[PSV Eindhoven]] had been informed.{{fact|date=May 2008}} Ferguson replaced Stam with [[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Internazionale]]'s 36-year-old central defender [[Laurent Blanc]].

On 8 December 2001, Manchester United were ninth in the Premiership - 11 points behind leaders Liverpool who had a game in hand. Then came a dramatic turn around in form: between mid-December and late January, eight successive wins saw Manchester United climb to the top of the Premiership and put their title challenge back on track. Despite this, United finished third in the Premiership as rival Arsene Wenger clinched the title for Arsenal at Old Trafford with a 1-0 win in the penultimate game of the season.

United were also unsuccessful in Europe, losing the Champions League semi-final on away goals to [[Bayer Leverkusen]].

===Aborted retirement===
The 2001-02 season was to have been Ferguson's last as Manchester United manager, and the looming date of his retirement was cited by many as a reason for the team's loss of form. Ferguson himself admitted that the decision to pre-announce his retirement had resulted in a negative effect on the players and on his ability to impose discipline. But in February 2002 he agreed to stay in charge for at least another three years.

The close season saw Manchester United break the British transfer record yet again when they paid [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]] £30million for 24-year-old central defender [[Rio Ferdinand]].

===2002-03: Title number 8===
Manchester United won their eighth Premiership title yet just over two months before the end of the season they were eight points behind leaders Arsenal. But an improvement in form for United, and a decline for Arsenal, saw the Premiership trophy gradually slip out of the Londoners' grasp and push it back in the direction of Old Trafford. Ferguson described the 02/03 championship as his most satisfying ever, due to the nature of a remarkable comeback.

Not for the first time, Ferguson had proven to be a master of managerial mind-games, successfully rattling the composure of Arsenal and their otherwise unflappable manager Arsène Wenger (the relationship with Wenger has always been difficult to judge through the glare of media hyperbole although since the emergence of [[Jose Mourinho]] the media obsession with the Ferguson-Wenger dispute has decreased).{{fact|date=May 2008}}

===2003-04: FA Cup glory===
Ferguson guided Manchester United to their eleventh FA Cup at the end of the 2003-04 season, but it was a disappointing season which had seen them finish third in the Premiership and suffer Champions League elimination at the hands of eventual winners [[Futebol Clube do Porto|FC Porto]]. Rio Ferdinand missed the final four months of the season, as he served the beginning of an eight-month ban for missing a drugs test. New signings like [[Eric Djemba-Djemba]] and [[José Kléberson]] were disappointing, but there was at least one productive signing - 19-year-old Portuguese winger [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].

===2004-05: Trophyless season===
At the beginning of the 2004-05 season, [[Wayne Rooney]] and Argentine defender [[Gabriel Heinze]] joined United while [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] continued where he had left off the previous season by putting in more match-winning performances. But the lack of a striker after Van Nistelrooy spent most of the season injured saw the club finish third for the third time in four seasons. In the F.A Cup they lost on [[kicks from the penalty mark|penalties]] to Arsenal.

===2005-06: League Cup triumph, European failure===
Ferguson's preparations for the season were disrupted by a high-profile dispute with major shareholder [[John Magnier]], over the ownership of the racehorse [[Rock of Gibralter]]. When Magnier and business partner [[J. P. McManus]] agreed to sell their shares to American business tycoon [[Malcolm Glazer]], it cleared the way for Glazer to acquire full control of the club. This sparked violent protests from United fans, and disrupted Ferguson's plans to strengthen the team in the transfer market. In spite of this, United looked to solve their goalkeeping and midfield problems. For this, they signed the [[Netherlands national football team|Dutch]] keeper [[Edwin van der Sar]] from [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] and [[South Korea national football team|Korean]] star [[Park Ji-Sung]] from [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]].

The season was one of transition. On [[18 November]], [[Roy Keane]] officially left the club, his contract ended by mutual consent. United failed to qualify for the knock-out phase of the UEFA Champions' League. In the January transfer window [[Serbia]]n defender [[Nemanja Vidić]] and [[France|French]] full-back [[Patrice Evra]] were signed, and the side finished in second place in the league, behind runaway leaders [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]. Winning the League Cup was a consolation prize for lack of success elsewhere. [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]]'s future at Old Trafford seemed to be in doubt after not starting in the Carling Cup final, and he departed at the end of the season.

===2006-07: Title number 9; Ferguson's 20th full season in charge ===
[[Image:Ferguson and Queiroz.jpg|thumb|Ferguson with assistant manager [[Carlos Queiroz]].]]
[[Michael Carrick]] was signed as a replacement for Roy Keane for £14 million, although the figure may rise in the future to £18.6 million depending on appearances and results. United started the season well, and for the first time ever won their first four [[FA Premier League|Premiership]] games. They set the early pace in the Premiership and never relinquished top spot from the tenth match of the 38-game season. The January 2006 signings had a huge impact on United's performances; [[Patrice Evra]] and [[Nemanja Vidić]] came in to form a solid back line along with already existing players [[Rio Ferdinand]] and skipper [[Gary Neville]]. The signing of [[Michael Carrick]], which was questioned and criticised by a large portion of the media, brought stability and further creativity in the United midfield, forming an effective partnership with [[Paul Scholes]]. [[Park Ji-Sung]] and [[Ryan Giggs]] both underlined their value to the first team squad by adding significant pace and incisiveness in attack with [[Wayne Rooney]] and [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].

Ferguson celebrated his 20th anniversary in charge of Manchester United on [[6 November]], [[2006]]. Tributes also came from Ferguson's players, both past and present,<ref name="Robbins">{{cite web|title=Saviour Robins: Fergie just cannot let go| work=ESPN Soccernet, [[4 November]] [[2006]] | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=389632&cc=5739 | accessmonthday=11 January| accessyear=2007}}</ref> as well as his old foe, [[Arsène Wenger]],<ref name="Wenger">{{cite web|title=Wenger: Managers should emulate Ferguson| work=ESPN Soccernet, [[4 November]] [[2006]] | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=389800&cc=4716 | accessmonthday=11 January| accessyear=2007}}</ref> his old captain, [[Roy Keane]], and current players. The party was spoiled the following day when United endured a single-goal defeat at the hands of [[Southend United F.C.|Southend]] in the fourth round of the [[Football League Cup|Carling Cup]]. However, on [[1 December]] it was announced that Manchester United had signed 35 year old [[Henrik Larsson]] on loan,<ref name="Larsson">{{cite web|title=Man Utd capture Larsson on loan| work=[[BBC Sport]] |date=[[2006-12-01]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/6198464.stm | accessdate=2007-01-11}}</ref> a player that Alex Ferguson had admired for many years, and attempted to capture previously. On [[23 December]] [[2006]], Cristiano Ronaldo scored the club's 2000th goal under the helm of Ferguson in a match against [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid=%7BF9E570E6-407E-44BC-800F-4A3110258114%7D&newsid=389318 |title=Report: Villa 0 United 3 |accessdate=2007-06-18 |last=Bostock |first=Adam |date=2006-12-23 |publisher=Manutd.com }}</ref>

Manchester United subsequently won their ninth Premiership title but were denied a double by Chelsea's Didier Drogba scoring a late goal in the FA Cup Final. In the Champions League, the club reached the semi-finals, recording a 7-1 home win over [[A.S. Roma|Roma]] in the quarter-final second leg, but lost at San Siro by Milan in the second leg of the semi-final.

===2007-08: The European Double===
For the 2007-08 season, Ferguson made notable signings to reinforce United's first team. Long-term target [[Owen Hargreaves]] finally joined from [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], bringing an end to a year of negotiations. Ferguson further bolstered the midfield with the additions of young Portuguese winger [[Nani (footballer)|Nani]] and Brazilian playmaker [[Anderson Luís de Abreu Oliveira|Anderson]]. The last summer signing was of [[Carlos Tévez]] after a complex and protracted transfer saga.

United had their worst start to a season under Ferguson, drawing their first two league games before suffering a 1-0 defeat to crosstown rivals Manchester City. However, United recovered and began a tight race with Arsenal for the title. After a good run of form, Sir Alex claimed that throughout his time at Manchester United, this was the best squad he had managed to assemble thus far.<ref name="BestSquad">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/11/12/sfnfro112.xml |title=Ferguson: This is the best squad I've ever had |accessdate=2007-11-27 |date=2007-11-12 |publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]] }}</ref>

On [[16 February]] 2008, United beat Arsenal 4-0 in an [[FA Cup]] Fifth Round match at [[Old Trafford]], but were knocked out by [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] in the Sixth Round on [[8 March]], losing 1&ndash;0 at home. United having had a penalty claim turned down, Ferguson alleged after the game that [[Keith Hackett]], general manager of the [[Professional Game Match Officials Board]], was "not doing his job properly". Ferguson was subsequently charged by the FA with improper conduct, which he decided to contest. This was the second charge Ferguson faced in the season, following his complaints against the referee after United lost 1-0 at [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] – a charge he decided not to contest.

On [[11 May]], Ferguson led Manchester United to a tenth Premier League title by beating Wigan Athletic 2-0 at the JJB Stadium, exactly 25 years to the day after he led Aberdeen to European glory against Real Madrid in the European Cup Winners' Cup. Nearest rivals Chelsea – level on points going into the final round of matches, but with an inferior goal difference – could only draw 1&ndash;1 at home to Bolton, finishing 2 points adrift of the champions.

On [[21 May]], Ferguson won his second European Cup with Manchester United as they beat Chelsea 6–5 on penalties in the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in Moscow, following a 1–1 draw after extra time in the first ever all-English UEFA Champions League Final.

==Managerial honours==
Ferguson was made an Inaugural Inductee of the [[English Football Hall of Fame]] in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game as a manager. In 2003, Ferguson became an inaugural recipient of the FA Coaching Diploma, awarded to all coaches who had at least 10 years experience of being a manager or head coach.

He is the Vice-President of the [[National Football Museum]] based in Preston, England. Also, he is a member of the Executive Committee of the [[League Managers Association]].

He is the only manager to win the top league honours and the Double north and south of the England-Scotland border (winning the Premiership with Manchester United, and the Scottish Premier League with Aberdeen).{{fact|date=April 2008}}

====Aberdeen 1978&ndash;1986====
'''Domestic competition'''
*'''[[Scottish Premier League|Scottish League]]''': (3) 1979-80, 1983-84, 1984-85
**Runners-up: (2) 1980-81, 1981-82
*'''[[Scottish Cup]]''': (4) [[Scottish Cup 1981-82|1981-82]], [[Scottish Cup 1982-83|1982-83]], [[Scottish Cup 1983-84|1983-84]], [[Scottish Cup 1985-86|1985-86]]
*'''[[Scottish League Cup]]''': (1) 1985-86
**Runners-up: (2) 1978-79, 1979-80

'''European competition'''
*'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''': (1) [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1982-83|1982-83]]
*'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''': (1) 1983-84

====Manchester United 1986-====
'''Domestic competition'''
*'''[[Premier League]]''': (10) [[FA Premier League 1992-93|1992–93]], [[FA Premier League 1993-94|1993–94]], [[FA Premier League 1995-96|1995–96]], [[FA Premier League 1996-97|1996–97]], [[FA Premier League 1998-99|1998–99]], [[FA Premier League 1999-2000|1999–2000]], [[FA Premier League 2000-01|2000–01]], [[FA Premier League 2002-03|2002–03]], [[FA Premier League 2006-07|2006–07]], [[Premier League 2007-08|2007–08]]
*'''[[FA Cup]]''': (5) [[1990 FA Cup Final|1990]], [[1994 FA Cup Final|1994]], [[1996 FA Cup Final|1996]], [[1999 FA Cup Final|1999]], [[2004 FA Cup Final|2004]]
*'''[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]''': (2) [[1992 Football League Cup Final|1992]], [[2006 Football League Cup Final|2006]]
*'''[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity/Community Shield]]''': (7) 1990 (shared), 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, [[2003 FA Community Shield|2003]], [[2007 FA Community Shield|2007]]

'''European competition'''
*'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''': (2) [[1999 UEFA Champions League Final|1999]], [[2008 UEFA Champions League Final|2008]]
*'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''': (1) [[1991 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final|1990-91]]
*'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''': (1) [[1991 UEFA Super Cup|1991]]


'''Doubles and Trebles'''
*'''[[The Double]]''' (League and FA Cup): (4) 1984 (with Aberdeen), 1994, [[Manchester United F.C. season 1995-96|1996]], [[Manchester United F.C. season 1998-99|1999]] (as part of [[The Treble]])
*'''[[The Double#European Double|The European Double]]''' (League and European Cup): (2) [[Manchester United F.C. season 1998-99|1999]] (as part of [[The Treble]]), [[Manchester United F.C. season 2007-08|2008]]
*'''[[The Treble]]''' (League, FA Cup and European Cup): (1) [[Manchester United F.C. season 1998-99|1999]]


'''International competition'''
*'''[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]''': (1) [[1999 Intercontinental Cup|1999]]


'''Manager Awards'''
* [[FA Premier League Manager of the Year]]: (8) 1993-94, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2002-03, 2006-07, 2007-08
* [[FA Premier League Manager of the Month]]: (21) Aug 1993, Oct 1994, Feb 1996, Mar 1996, Feb 1997, Oct 1997, Jan 1999, Apr 1999, Aug 1999, Mar 2000, Apr 2000, Feb 2001, Apr 2003, Dec 2003, Feb 2005, Mar 2006, Aug 2006, Oct 2006, Feb 2007, Jan 2008, Mar 2008
* [[LMA Manager of the Year]]: 1998-99, 2007-08
* [[LMA Manager of the Year#Manager of the Decade Award|LMA Manager of the Decade]]: 1990s.
* [[UEFA Club Football Awards#Coach(es) of the Year|UEFA Champions League Manager of the Year]]: 1998-99
* [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2007|2007]]
* [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award]]: 2001
* [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award]]: 1999
* [[IFFHS|IFFHS Club Coach of the Year]]: 1999
* Football Writers' Association Tribute Award: 1996
* Mussabini Medal: 1999
* [[World Soccer Magazine]] Coach of the Year: (3) 1993, 1999, 2007
* Professional Footballers' Association Merit Award: 2007
* [[Onze d'Or]] Coach of the Year : (2) 1999, 2007


'''Other awards'''
* [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Team Award]]: 1999
* [[Laureus World Sports Award for Team of the Year]]: 2000

==Managerial stats==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Team
!rowspan="2"|Nat
!rowspan="2"|From
!rowspan="2"|To
!colspan="5"|Record
|-
!G!!W!!L!!D!!Win %
|-
|align=left|[[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|align=left|[[1 June]] [[1974]]
|align=left|[[20 October]] [[1974]]
|12||7||3||2||58.33
|-
|align=left|[[St. Mirren F.C.|St. Mirren]]
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|align=left|[[21 October]] [[1974]]
|align=left|[[31 May]] [[1978]]
|?||?||?||?||?
|-
|align=left|[[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|align=left|[[1 August]] [[1978]]
|align=left|[[5 November]] [[1986]]
|288||167||50||71||57.99
|-
|align=left|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|align=left|[[6 November]] [[1986]]
|align=left|''Present''
|1210||702||221||287||58.02
|}

== References ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{reflist|1}}

{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[UEFA Champions League]] Winning Coach|before={{flagicon|Germany}} [[Jupp Heynckes]] |after={{flagicon|Spain}} [[Vicente Del Bosque]]|years=1998-1999}}
{{end box}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[UEFA Champions League]] Winning Coach|before={{flagicon|Italy}} [[Carlo Ancelotti]] |after= incumbent|years=2007-2008}}
{{end box}}

== External links ==
* {{soccerbase (manager)|id=48|name=Alex Ferguson}}
* [http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=1054 A look back at 20 years in charge at Man United, includes video interview with Bryan Robson and Ian Rush]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/4033297.stm Alex Ferguson celebrates 1,000th game with Manchester Utd]
* [http://www.manutdzone.com/playerpages/SirAlexFerguson.htm Sir Alex Ferguson: A career profile with pictures]
* [http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/pages/fame/Inductees/alexferguson.htm English Football Hall of Fame]
* [http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/managers/ferguson.html Sir Alex Ferguson's managerial stats according to the official Manchester United statistics website]

{{FA Premier League Manager of the Year}}
{{East Stirlingshire F.C. managers}}
{{St. Mirren F.C. managers}}
{{Aberdeen F.C. managers}}
{{Scotland national football team managers}}
{{Scotland Squad 1986 World Cup}}
{{Manchester United F.C. managers}}
{{Manchester United F.C. squad}}

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|DATE OF DEATH=
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}}
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[[Category:Scottish football managers]]
[[Category:Aberdeen F.C. managers]]
[[Category:East Stirlingshire F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. managers]]
[[Category:St. Mirren F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Scotland national football team managers]]
[[Category:Premier League managers]]
[[Category:1986 FIFA World Cup managers]]
[[Category:Scottish footballers]]
[[Category:Ayr United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players]]
[[Category:Falkirk F.C. players]]
[[Category:Queen's Park F.C. players]]
[[Category:Rangers F.C. players]]
[[Category:St. Johnstone F.C. players]]
[[Category:British racehorse owners and breeders]]
[[Category:People from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Football knights]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

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Revision as of 19:19, 26 May 2008

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