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Cape Town Treaty

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Not to be confused with Cape Town Agreement.
Cape Town Treaty
Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment
  Parties
  Signatories
  Parties, also covered by EU's accession
  Signatories, also covered by EU's accession
  covered by EU's accession
Signed16 November 2001
LocationCape Town, South Africa
Effective1 March 2006
Condition3 ratifications
Parties84
DepositaryInternational Institute for the Unification of Private Law
Citations2307 U.N.T.S. 285
LanguagesEnglish, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish
Full text
Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment at Wikisource

The Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment, or Cape Town Treaty, is an international treaty intended to standardize transactions involving movable property. The treaty creates international standards for registration of contracts of sale (including dedicated registration agencies), security interests (liens), leases and conditional sales contracts, and various legal remedies for default in financing agreements, including repossession and the effect of particular states' bankruptcy laws.

Four protocols to the convention are specific to four types of movable equipment: Aircraft Equipment (aircraft and aircraft engines; signed in 2001), railway rolling stock (signed in 2007), space assets (signed in 2012) and "Mining, Agricultural and Construction Equipment" (signed in 2019). The aircraft Protocol entered into force in 2006, and the railway rolling stock Protocol entered into force in 2024.[1] The others are not yet in effect.

The treaty resulted from a diplomatic conference held in Cape Town, South Africa in 2001. The conference was attended by 68 countries and 14 international organizations. 53 countries signed the resolution proposing the treaty.[2] The treaty came into force on 1 March 2006,[3] and has been ratified by 57 parties. The Aircraft Protocol (which applies specifically to aircraft and aircraft engines) took effect on 1 March 2006 when it was ratified by 9 countries: Ethiopia, Ireland, Malaysia, Nigeria, Oman, Panama, Pakistan, and the United States.

Signatures and ratifications

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As of 2023, the convention has been ratified by 80 states as well as the European Union. The railway rolling stock Protocol has been ratified by four countries (Gabon, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden), as well as the European Union and came into effect in March 2024. The space assets Protocol has been ratified by no countries and remains not in force. An overview of the status of the treaty and protocols is shown below:

Instrument Signature Location Entry into force Signatures Ratifications
(required for entry into force)
Convention 16 November 2001 Cape Town 1 March 2006 28 84 (3)
Aircraft Protocol 16 November 2001 Cape Town 1 March 2006 23 80 (8)
Railway Rolling Stock Protocol 23 February 2007 Luxembourg 8 March 2024 8 4 (4)
Space Assets Protocol 9 March 2012 Berlin - 4 0 (10)
Mining, Agricultural and Construction Equipment (MAC) 22 November 2019 Pretoria - 5 0 (5)

European Union

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The European Union joined the convention and the Aircraft Protocol as a Regional Economic Integration Organization. On the subject of the convention, both the Member states of the European Union and the Union itself have competence: e.g. while the substantive law regarding insolvency is regulated by the states, the conflict of law-rules (which county has jurisdiction etc.) is regulated by the European Union. According to the Government of the Netherlands the acceptance of the European Union in a member state which itself is not a party to the convention has no practical consequences.[4] The European Union ratified the Luxembourg Rail protocol in December 2014 as a Regional Economic Integration Organization on the same basis.

Protocols

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Aircraft Protocol
  Parties
  Signed
  Parties, also covered by EU's accession
  Signatories, also covered by EU's accession
  covered by EU's accession

Aircraft Protocol

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The aircraft Protocol (officially: Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on matters specific to aircraft equipment) was signed immediately with the treaty and the only protocol currently entered into force. It applies to aircraft which can carry at least eight people or 2750 kilograms of cargo, aircraft engines with thrust exceeding 1,750 pounds-force (7,800 N) or 550 horsepower (410 kW), and helicopters carrying five or more passengers. The International Registry of Mobile Assets established to record international property interests in the aircraft equipment covered by the treaty is located in Ireland. Mediation cases for leasing disputes are to be heard in the High Court of Ireland.[5] As of 2022, the protocol has 81 contracting parties, which includes 80 states and the European Union.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
State Date of Ratification/
Accession		 Comments
 Afghanistan 25 July 2006
 Albania 30 October 2007
 Angola 30 April 2006
 Argentina 10 January 2018
 Australia 26 May 2015
 Bahrain 27 November 2012
 Bangladesh 15 December 2008
 Belarus 27 September 2011
 Bhutan 4 July 2014
 Brazil 30 November 2011
 Burkina Faso 8 September 2017
 Cameroon 14 April 2011
 Canada 21 December 2012 New Brunswick: effective 1 July 2016
Yukon: effective 1 October 2014
others: 1 April 2013
 Cape Verde 26 September 2007
 China 3 February 2009 Excluding
 Hong Kong
 Macao
 Colombia 19 February 2007
 Congo 13 March 2013
 Democratic Republic of Congo 6 May 2016
 Costa Rica 8 August 2018
 Côte d'Ivoire 1 March 2016
 Cuba 28 January 2009
 Denmark 26 October 2015
 Egypt 10 December 2014
 Ethiopia 21 November 2003
 European Union 28 April 2009 Only as far as it has competency over subjects of the convention/ protocol. Not applicable to Denmark
 Fiji 30 May 2012
 Gabon 4 April 2017
 Ghana 20 December 2018
 Iceland 23 June 2020
 India 31 March 2008
 Indonesia 16 March 2007
 Ireland 23 August 2005
 Jordan 31 August 2010
 Kazakhstan 1 June 2011
 Kenya 13 October 2006
 Kuwait 31 October 2013
 Kyrgyzstan 13 May 2021
 Latvia 8 February 2011
 Luxembourg 27 June 2008
 Madagascar 15 December 2008
 Malawi 10 April 2013
 Malaysia 16 January 2014
 Malta 1 October 2010
 Mexico 31 July 2007
 Moldova 19 February 2019
 Mongolia 19 October 2006
 Mozambique 18 July 2013
 Myanmar 3 December 2012
 Namibia 23 July 2018
 Kingdom of the Netherlands 17 May 2010 Not European Netherlands
Only for  Aruba
 Curaçao
 Sint Maarten
 Caribbean Netherlands
 New Zealand 20 July 2010
 Nigeria 16 December 2003
 Norway 20 December 2010
 Oman 21 March 2005
 Pakistan 22 January 2004
 Panama 28 July 2003
 Paraguay 19 December 2018
 Qatar 8 January 2020
 Romania 30 March 2018
 Russia 25 May 2011
 Rwanda 28 January 2010
 San Marino 9 September 2014
 Saudi Arabia 27 June 2008
 Senegal 9 January 2006
 Sierra Leone 26 July 2016
 Singapore 28 January 2009
 South Africa 18 January 2007
 Spain 27 November 2015
 Swaziland 17 November 2016
 Sweden 30 December 2015
 Tajikistan 31 May 2011
 Tanzania 30 January 2009
 Togo 1 December 2011
 Turkey 23 August 2011
 Ukraine 31 July 2012
 United Arab Emirates 29 April 2008
 United Kingdom 27 July 2015 Extended to Cayman Islands, Gibraltar and Guernsey (2015), and the Isle of Man and Bermuda (2017)
 United States 28 October 2004
 Uzbekistan 31 January 2018
 Vietnam 17 September 2014
 Zambia 7 September 2020

Railway Rolling Stock

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Wikisource has original text related to this article:

The Railway Rolling Stock Protocol, or Luxembourg Rail Protocol, officially the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Railway Rolling Stock was adopted on 23 February 2007 at a diplomatic conference in Luxembourg and applies to railway rolling stock (broadly defined as "vehicles movable on a fixed railway track or directly on, above or below a guideway"). It came into force on 8 March 2024.

The protocol establishes an international registry located in Luxembourg at which all international interests under the protocol will be registrable. The registry will also issue unique identifiers for rolling stock on request. Regulis S.A., a subsidiary of SITA, was appointed in November 2014 to act as Registrar.

The protocol required ratification by 4 countries, together with a certification by the secretariat to the Supervisory Authority that the registry is fully operational, in order to enter into force. Currently, it has been signed by France, Gabon, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Mozambique, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, the UK as well as the European Union, while it has been ratified by the European Union and 4 states: Gabon, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden.

Space Assets

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The Space Assets protocol, or Berlin Space Protocol[6] (officially Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Space Assets) was concluded on 9 March 2012 and requires 10 ratifications before entry into force.[7] The protocol applies to objects functioning in space like satellites or satellite parts.[8] The convention was strongly opposed by the satellite industry, claiming that it would lead to increased bureaucracy and "make the financing of new satellite projects more difficult and expensive".[9] The convention has been signed by 5 countries (Burkina Faso, Germany, Saudi Arabia, United States and Zimbabwe), but no country has ratified it.

Mining, Agricultural, and Construction (MAC) Equipment

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On 22 November 2019, a fourth protocol to the convention was adopted to extend the convention's framework to mining, agricultural, and construction (MAC) equipment, named Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to mining, agricultural, and construction equipment.[10] The protocol was signed by 4 states (Congo, Gambia, Nigeria and Paraguay) upon its adoption and requires 5 ratifications before entry into force (provided the registry is operational then). On 1 October 2020, the United States of America signed the MAC Protocol and in 2022 the European Union bringing the total number of signatories to 6[11]

References

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  1. ^ "UNIDROIT and OTIF announce Entry into Force of Luxembourg Rail Protocol". International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT).
  2. ^ "Diplomatic Conference to adopt a Mobile Equipment Convention and an Aircraft Protocol, Cape Town, South Africa, 29 October – 16 November 2001". International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2006.
  3. ^ "The Cape Town Convention - Now coming into force" (PDF). Hogan Lovells. 1 March 2006. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  4. ^ "32 227 (R 1904) Verdrag inzake internationale zakelijke rechten op mobiel materieel en Protocol bij het Verdrag inzake internationale zakelijke rechten op mobiel materieel betreffende voor luchtvaartmaterieel specifieke aangelegenheden; Kaapstad, 16 november 2001". Government of the Netherlands (in Dutch). 27 November 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  5. ^ "Aircraft leasing disputes to be heard in Dublin". Sunday Business Post. 11 May 2008.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Pressemitteilung: Berliner Weltraumprotokoll verabschiedet". Ministry of Justice (Germany) (Press release) (in German). 9 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  7. ^ "text of the draft Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Space Assets" (PDF). UNIDROIT. June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  8. ^ "Draft Final Provisions capable of embodiment in the draft Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Space Assets, with Explanatory Notes" (PDF). UNIDROIT. June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  9. ^ "Global Satellite Industry denounces UNIDROIT Protocol". Satellite Industry Association (Press release). SpaceRef.com. 9 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  10. ^ "STUDY LXXII K – DEVELOPMENT OF A FOURTH PROTOCOL TO THE CAPE TOWN CONVENTION ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO MINING, AGRICULTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT". UNIDROIT. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  11. ^ "Secretary Michael R. Pompeo at the Mining, Agriculture, and Construction Protocol Signing Ceremony". United States Department of State. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Aircraft Protocol
Luxembourg Rail Protocol
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