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Myalgia

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Myalgia
Other namesMuscle pain, muscle ache
One of the myalgic symptoms
SpecialtyRheumatology

Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no injury.

Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome.

Causes

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The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, and strain. Myalgia might also be caused by allergies, diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive physical activities such as workout.

Muscle pain is also a common symptom in a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, such as influenza, muscle abscesses, Lyme disease, malaria, trichinosis or poliomyelitis;[1] autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome or polymyositis;[1][2] gastrointestinal diseases, such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (which can also occur without digestive symptoms) and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis).[3]

The most common causes are:[citation needed][4][5] [6]

  • Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
  • Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
  • Chronic tension

Muscle pain occurs with:

Overuse

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Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often.[10] One example is repetitive strain injury. See also:

Injury

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The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strains.[10]

Autoimmune

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Metabolic defect

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Other

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Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs

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Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia.[citation needed]

Treatment

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When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs, massage, cryotherapy and muscle relaxants.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Dolores musculares: MedlinePlus enciclopedia médica". medlineplus.gov (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  2. ^ Vitali, Claudio; Del Papa, Nicoletta (February 2015). "Pain in primary Sjögren's syndrome". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 29 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2015.05.002. ISSN 1532-1770. PMID 26267000.
  3. ^ Tovoli, Francesco (2015). "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (3): 275–284. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. ISSN 2307-8960. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
  4. ^ "Muscle Pain - Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  5. ^ "Muscle aches". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Understanding Myalgia: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention". 8 September 2023.
  7. ^ a b Balon R, Segraves RT, eds. (2005). Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824758264.
  8. ^ a b Wylie KR, ed. (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 9781118665565.
  9. ^ a b "Postorgasmic illness syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). National Institutes of Health. 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  10. ^ a b MedlinePlus
  11. ^ Glueck, CharlesJ; Conrad, Brandon (2013). "Severe vitamin D deficiency, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (8): 494–495. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.117325. ISSN 1947-2714. PMC 3784929. PMID 24083227.
  12. ^ Shmerling, Robert H (April 25, 2016). "Approach to the patient with myalgia". UpToDate. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
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