Platonic Academy (Florence)
The Platonic Academy of Florence (Italian: Accademia Platonica di Firenze) was an informal discussion group which formed around Marsilio Ficino in the Florentine Renaissance of the fifteenth century.[1]: 57 [2]: 132 [3]: 458 [4][5]: 150
History
[edit]
In about 1462 Cosimo de' Medici established the young Marsilio Ficino at Montevecchio, a villa close to his own Villa di Careggi in the Florentine countryside.[6]: 69 [5] There Ficino, who was an ardent Neo-Platonist, was to study ancient Greek and work on translating the works of Plato into Latin.[6]: 69 [5]
Cosimo de' Medici attended Gemistos Plethon's lectures and was motivated to establish the Accademia Platonica in Florence, where Italian students of Plethon continued their teachings following the conclusion of the council.[7][8]
Ficino became the central figure of an informal group of people interested in his work, who both corresponded and met for intellectual discussions at Montevecchio, at Careggi,[3]: 431 or perhaps in Florence itself.[3]: 458 It was never a formal body – it had no statutes and kept no records of membership[5][3]: 431 – and there is no contemporary evidence that it was ever known as a "Platonic Academy".[3]: 430 Arnaldo della Torre identified about a hundred people as participants in the group, among them Alessandro Braccesi, Demetrius Chalcondylas, Cristoforo Landino, Angelo Poliziano, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Lorenzo de' Medici.[3]: 431 Among those who Ficino specifically stated had never been among his auditores ('listeners') are Benedetto Accolti, Leon Battista Alberti, Demetrius Chalcondylas, Cristoforo Landino, Poliziano, Pierleone da Spoleto and Pico della Mirandola.[3]: 458
According to some accounts, the group continued to meet after the death of Ficino in 1499, centred round Francesco Cattani da Diacceto. Meetings were no longer at Careggi but in the Orti Oricellari, the gardens of the Palazzo Rucellai, made available by Bernardo Rucellai.[5] The group was dissolved in 1522 in the aftermath of the plot to assassinate Giulio de' Medici.[5] Other accounts give an earlier date of 1492–1494 for the dissolution of the group, suggesting that the meetings in the Orti Oricellari were not directly connected, although many of the same people participated in them.[9]: 20
References
[edit]- ^ Peter Burke (1987). The Renaissance. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press International. ISBN 0391034847.
- ^ Vincent Cronin (1992 [1967]). The Florentine Renaissance. London: Pimlico. ISBN 0712698744.
- ^ a b c d e f g James Hankins (1991). The Myth of the Platonic Academy of Florence. Renaissance Quarterly. 44 (3): 429–475. doi:10.2307/2862593. (subscription required).
- ^ Paul Oskar Kristeller (1961). The Platonic Academy of Florence. Renaissance News. 14 (3): 147–159. doi:10.2307/2858191. (subscription required).
- ^ a b c d e f [s.n.] (2009). Accademia platonica fiorentina (in Italian). Dizionario di filosofia. Roma: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana. Accessed March 2022.
- ^ a b Christopher Hibbert (1979 [1974]). The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. ISBN 0140050906.
- ^ DeBolt, Darien C. (1998) George Gemistos Plethon on God: Heterodoxy in Defence of Orthodoxy. A paper delivered at the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, Boston, Mass. Retrieved 2008-11-20
- ^ https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/accademia-platonica-fiorentina_(Dizionario-di-filosofia)/
- ^ Felix Gilbert (1949). Bernardo Rucellai and the Orti Oricellari: A Study on the Origin of Modern Political Thought. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 12: 101–131. doi:10.2307/750259 (subscription required)
Further reading
[edit]- Arnaldo della Torre (1902). Storia dell'Accademia Platonica di Firenze. Firenze: Carnesecchi e Figli.