Euterpe precatoria
| Euterpe precatoria | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | Euterpe |
| Species: | E. precatoria
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| Binomial name | |
| Euterpe precatoria | |
Euterpe precatoria is a tall, slender-stemmed, pinnate-leaved palm native to Central and South America and Trinidad and Tobago. E. precatoria is used commercially to produce fruits, although Euterpe oleracea is more commonly cultivated due to its larger fruits.[3]
Biological description
[edit]Stems are usually solitary (occasionally clustered), 3–20 metres tall and 4–23 centimetres in diameter.[4] It is also estimated to be the most common tree in the Amazonian region, though it accounts for just over 1% of all trees there (5 billion out of 390 billion).[5]
Uses
[edit]E. precatoria is a non-timber forest product that produces acai berries.[6] As well as the edible fruits, this palm is a source of prized (though not very nutritious) hearts of palm. Since it is a single-stemmed palm, harvesting palm hearts kills the tree, and has led to a reduction in numbers. During the 1990s, the palm was heavily harvested for palmito in Peru and Bolivia, but production dropped in the early 2000s due to overharvesting. Today, prices in Peru are currently high since it is now uncommon in the wild.[7]
Varieties
[edit]Two varieties are recognised: E. precatoria var. precatoria[8] which has tall, solitary stems and is found in Trinidad and throughout most of the South American portion of the range,[4] and E. precatoria var. longivaginata (Mart.) A.J.Hend.[9] which has shorter, solitary or clustered stems, and is found in Colombia and Central America.[4]
Etymology
[edit]Common names include mountain cabbage in Belize, açai, açaizeiro, açaí-do-amazonas or açaí-solitário in Brazil, asaí and palmiche in Colombia, wassaï in French Guiana, huasaí in Peru and manaca in Venezuela.[4] The stems are used for construction, a beverage is made from the fruit, and the roots are used medicinally.[4]
Synonymy
[edit]- E. precatoria var. precatoria
- Heterotypic synonyms[10]
- Euterpe oleracea Engel, nom. illeg.
- Euterpe mollissima Spruce, nom. illeg.
- Euterpe jatapuensis Barb.Rodr.
- Euterpe stenophylla Trail ex Burret
- Euterpe langloisii Burret
- Euterpe petiolata Burret
- Euterpe subruminata Burret
- Euterpe confertiflora L.H.Bailey
- E. precatoria var. longivaginata
- Homotypic synonyms[11]
- Euterpe longivaginata Mart.
- Heterotypic synonyms
- Euterpe macrospadix Oerst.
- Euterpe karsteniana Engel
- Euterpe leucospadix H.Wendl. ex Hemsl.
- Plectis oweniana O.F.Cook
- Euterpe kalbreyeri Burret
- Euterpe microcarpa Burret
- Euterpe panamensis Burret
- Rooseveltia frankliniana O.F.Cook
- Euterpe rhodoxyla Dugand
References
[edit]- ^ Canteiro, C. (2021). "Euterpe precatoria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T59466652A59466656. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T59466652A59466656.en. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "Euterpe precatoria". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Archived from the original on 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
- ^ Phytochemical composition and thermal stability of two commercial açai species, Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria. Lisbeth A. Pacheco-Palencia, Christopher E. Duncan and Stephen T. Talcott, Food Chemistry 115 (2009) 1199–1205, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.034
- ^ a b c d e Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08537-4.
- ^ "BBC News: Study: Just 227 tree species dominate Amazon Landscape". 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
- ^ Zambrana, Narel; Bussmann, Rainer; Macía, Manuel (June 2, 2017). "The socioeconomic context of the use of Euterpe precatoria Mart. and E. oleracea Mart. in Bolivia and Peru". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0160-0. PMC 5457629. PMID 28576132.
- ^ Brokamp, Grischa (2015). Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America: Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae. Wiesbaden: Springer Spektrum. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-08696-1. ISBN 978-3-658-08695-4. S2CID 30557398.
- ^ "Euterpe precatoria var. precatoria". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Archived from the original on 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
- ^ "Euterpe precatoria var. longivaginata". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2007-10-26.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Heterotypic synonyms are species names which are based on a different type individual
- ^ Homotypic synonyms are species names which are based on the same type individual