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450s

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The 450s decade ran from January 1, 450, to December 31, 459.

Events

450

By place

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Byzantium
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  • July 28 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 49, falls from his horse while hunting at Constantinople and dies soon afterward. He has reigned since 408, mostly under the domination of his Christian sister Pulcheria, who has been allowed to return to court (see 441).
  • August 25 – Pulcheria is forced to marry and co-rule the Eastern Roman Empire. She gives the imperial diadem to the Illyrian (or Thracian) officer and senator Marcian, age 58, and is crowned as empress in the Hippodrome at Constantinople, in the first religious coronation ceremony.
  • Marcian orders the execution (or assassination) of the unpopular court eunuch Chrysaphius. He discontinues the tribute payments to Attila.
  • All the Temples of Aphrodisias (City of Goddess Aphrodite) are demolished and its libraries burned down. The city is renamed Stauroupolis (City of the Cross).
Europe
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Persia
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Asia
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By topic

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Agriculture
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451


By place

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Europe
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Persia
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By topic

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Religion
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452

By place

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Europe
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China
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453

By place

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Byzantium
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Europe
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Asia
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454

By place

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Roman Empire
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Europe
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455

By place

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Roman Empire
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Britannia
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Asia
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Mesoamerica
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By topic

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Commerce
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  • Barter economy replaces organized trade as Romans and other citizens desert their towns for the countryside, where they will be less vulnerable to barbarian raids (approximate date).
Medicine
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456

By place

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Roman Empire
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Britannia
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Asia
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  • After a 10-year reign, Emperor Ankō is assassinated by the 10-year-old Mayowa no Ōkimi (prince Mayowa), in retaliation for the execution of his father. He is succeeded by his brother Yūryaku who becomes the 21st emperor of Japan.

457

By place

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Roman Empire
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Europe
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Persia
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By topic

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Religion
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458

By place

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Roman Empire
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Europe
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Asia
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By topic

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Exploration and Colonization
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Religion
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459

By place

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Roman Empire
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Britannia
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Europe
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Asia
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Significant people

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Births

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

Deaths

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

References

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  1. ^ Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation, (Indiana University Press, 1994), 23.
  2. ^ DelCogliano, Mark (2022). "Acts of the Council of Calcedon (451): Selected Proceedings and the Chalcodon Definition". The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings: Volume 4, Christ: Chalcedon and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-1-31651-114-5.
  3. ^ "Pulcheria (c. 398–453) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  4. ^ "Pulcheria | Roman empress | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  5. ^ "R27470 Anthemius". www.forumancientcoins.com. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  6. ^ Kent, John (1978). Roman coins. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 344. ISBN 0500232733.
  7. ^ "Attila | Biography, Battles, Death, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-05-19. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  8. ^ Blazeski, Goran (2017-12-23). "Attila the Hun is Believed to have Died of a Nosebleed on his Wedding Night | The Vintage News". thevintagenews. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  9. ^ "8 Things You Might Not Know About Attila the Hun". History. 2023-06-01. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  10. ^ Vaibhav. "Visigothic Kingdom of Europe - Kingdom of Toulouse". Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  11. ^ a b "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  12. ^ Rose, Hugh James (April 25, 2024). A new general biographical dictionary, Volume 2. p. 398.
  13. ^ Bunson, Matthew (1995). A Dictionary of the Roman Empire. OUP USA. p. 49. ISBN 9780195102338.
  14. ^ a b Croke, Brian (1978). "The date and circumstances of Marcian's decease". Byzantion. 48: 5–9. JSTOR 44170550.
  15. ^ Nathan, Geoffrey S. (1998). "Roman Emperors – DIR Marcian". www.roman-emperors.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  16. ^ Bury, John Bagnell (1958). History of the Later Roman Empire: from the death of Theodosius I to the death of Justinian. Dover books. Vol. 1. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20398-0.
  17. ^ Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Volume I, Chap. XXXVI (Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1952), p. 582. Bibl. Theophanes, p. 95 [ed. Par.; tom. i p. 170, ed. Bonn].
  18. ^ Sidonius Apollinaris, Carmina, V.373–385.
  19. ^ Fasti vindobonenses priores, 583.
  20. ^ Timothy Barnes, "Review: Late Roman Prosopography: Between Theodosius and Justinian", Phoenix, vol. 37, no. 3 (1983), pp. 268–269
  21. ^ Brayley, Edward Wedlake (1808). The Beauties of England and Wales; or, Original Delineations Topographical, Historical and Descriptive of Each Country. Vol.VII. London: Thomas Maiden Sherbourn-Lane. p. 416. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  22. ^ a b Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
  23. ^ Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2004). "Hormozd III". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XII/5: Homosexuality III–Human migration II. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 465–466. ISBN 978-0-933273-79-5.
  24. ^ Bonner, Michael (2020). The Last Empire of Iran. New York: Gorgias Press. p. 124. doi:10.31826/9781463240516. ISBN 978-1-4632-0616-1. S2CID 219805346.
  25. ^ Blackburn, Bonnie J.; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (1999). The Oxford Companion to the Year. Oxford University Press. p. 793. ISBN 978-0-19-214231-3.
  26. ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  27. ^ "Theodoric | king of Italy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  28. ^ Skidmore, Joel (2010). The Rulers of Palenque (PDF) (Fifth ed.). Mesoweb Publications. p. 18. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  29. ^ Chryssavgis, John (March 2017). John Climacus From the Egyptian Desert to the Sinaite Mountain. Taylor & Francis. p. 160. ISBN 9781351925211. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  30. ^ Pithiya
  31. ^ Kim, Hyun Jin (19 November 2015). The Huns. Routledge. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-317-34091-1.
  32. ^ Hill, Jonathan (2010). Dictionary of Theologians: To 1308. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. p. 514. ISBN 978-0-22717-906-2.