2024–25 Thai League 1
(Redirected from 2024-25 Thai League 1)
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2022) |
| Season | 2024–25 |
|---|---|
| Dates | 9 August 2024 – 27 April 2025 |
| Matches played | 98 |
| Goals scored | 292 (2.98 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Guilherme Bissoli (8 goals) |
| Biggest home win | 6 goals total Buriram United 6–0 PT Prachuap (22 September 2024) |
| Biggest away win | 5 goals total Chiangrai United 0–5 Buriram United (25 August 2024) |
| Highest scoring | 8 goals total Nongbua Pitchaya 5–3 Ratchaburi (25 October 2024) |
| Longest winning run | 5 matches Bangkok United Buriram United |
| Longest unbeaten run | 11 matches Bangkok United |
| Longest winless run | 11 matches Nakhon Pathom United |
| Longest losing run | 4 matches Chiangrai United Khonkaen United Nakhon Pathom United Rayong |
| Highest attendance | 25,093 Buriram United 4–2 Bangkok United (18 August 2024) |
| Lowest attendance | 1,169 Nongbua Pitchaya 5–3 Ratchaburi (25 October 2024) |
| Total attendance | 468,915 |
| Average attendance | 4,785 |
← 2023–24 2025–26 →
All statistics correct as of 11 November 2024. | |
The 2024–25 Thai League 1 will be the 28th season of the Thai League 1, the top Thai professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1996. A total of 16 teams will compete in the league.
The summer transfer window period is opened from 25 May to 9 August 2024 while the winter transfer window period will be opened from 19 December 2024 to 17 January 2025.
Buriram United are the defending champions, while Nakhon Ratchasima, Nongbua Pitchaya, and Rayong have entered as the promoted teams from the 2023–24 Thai League 2.
Changes from last season
[edit]Team changes
[edit]Promoted clubs
[edit]Promoted from the 2023–24 Thai League 2
Relegated clubs
[edit]Relegated from the 2023–24 Thai League 1
Teams
[edit]
Bangkok Metro
Bangkok Metro teams
Bangkok United
BG Pathum United
Muangthong United
Nakhon Pathom United
Port
Bangkok United
BG Pathum United
Muangthong United
Nakhon Pathom United
Port
Locations of the 2024–25 Thai League teams
Football clubs in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region
There are 16 clubs in the league, with three promoted teams from Thai League 2 replacing the three teams that were relegated from the 2023-24 season.
Chonburi, Police Tero and Trat were relegated at the end of the 2023–24 season after finishing in the bottom three places of the table. Trat made their immediate return to the second-tier, Police Tero ended a 4-year stint in the top-flight, while Chonburi ended an 19-year tenure in the top-flight. The three were replaced by 2023-24 Thai League 2 champions Nakhon Ratchasima F.C., who are returning to the top-flight after a single year away. They were joined by runners-up Nongbua Pitchaya, who are also returning to the top-flight after a single year away and were promoted for the second time in their history to the top-flight and Rayong, the promotion playoff winner which was first held in 2020–21 season, who are returning to the top-flight after 3-years away and like Nongbua Pitchaya they also were promoted for the second time in their history to the top-flight.
Stadium and locations
[edit]- Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.
| Team | Province | Stadium | Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bangkok United | Pathum Thani (Rangsit) | Thammasat Stadium | 25,000 |
| BG Pathum United | Pathum Thani (Thanyaburi) | BG Stadium | 15,114 |
| Buriram United | Buriram | Chang Arena | 32,600 |
| Chiangrai United | Chiang Rai | Singha Chiangrai Stadium | 11,354 |
| Khonkaen United | Khon Kaen | Khonkaen PAO. Stadium | 7,000 |
| Lamphun Warriors | Lamphun | Lamphun Warriors Stadium | 5,000 |
| Muangthong United | Nonthaburi | Thunderdome Stadium | 15,000 |
| Nakhon Pathom United | Nakhon Pathom | Nakhon Pathom Municipality Sport School Stadium | 6,000 |
| Nakhon Ratchasima | Nakhon Ratchasima | 80th Birthday Stadium | 25,000 |
| Nongbua Pitchaya | Nongbua Lamphu | Pitchaya Stadium | 6,000 |
| Port | Bangkok (Khlong Toei) | PAT Stadium | 12,308 |
| PT Prachuap | Prachuap Khiri Khan | Sam Ao Stadium | 5,000 |
| Ratchaburi | Ratchaburi | Dragon Solar Park | 10,000 |
| Rayong | Rayong | Rayong Provincial Stadium | 7,500 |
| Sukhothai | Sukhothai | Thung Thalay Luang Stadium | 8,000 |
| Uthai Thani | Uthai Thani | Uthai Thani Provincial Stadium | 5,477 |
Personnel and sponsoring
[edit]Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| Team | Manager | Captain | Kit manufacturer | Main kit sponsor | Other kit sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangkok United |  Totchtawan Sripan
|
 Everton
|
Ari
|
True (Domestic) / CP (ACLE and ACL2) | |
| BG Pathum United | Surachai Jaturapattarapong (Interim)
|
Chanathip Songkrasin
|
 Nike
|
Leo (Domestic and ACC) | List
|
| Buriram United | Osmar Loss
|
Narubadin Weerawatnodom
|
Made by club (Domestic) Ego Sport (ACLE)
|
Chang (Domestic, ACLE, and ACC) | List
|
| Chiangrai United |  Xavi Moro
|
Sivakorn Tiatrakul
|
Grand Sport
|
Singha Lemon Soda | List
|
| Khon Kaen United |  Srdan Trailovic
|
 Joshua Grommen
|
 Kappa
|
Mitr Phol | List
|
| Lamphun Warriors | Alexandre Gama
|
Sarawut Inpaen
|
Made by club
|
Chang | List
|
| Muangthong United | Gino Lettieri
|
Picha Autra
|
Ego Sport
|
Yamaha (Domestic and ACL2) | List
|
| Nakhon Pathom United | Thongchai Sukkoki
|
Chokchai Chuchai
|
 Umbro
|
Chang | List
|
| Nakhon Ratchasima | Teerasak Po-on
|
Nattapong Sayriya
|
Volt
|
Mazda | List
|
| Nongbua Pitchaya | Sukrit Yothee
|
Nuttawut Khamrin
|
Ego Sport
|
Leo | List
|
| Port | Rangsan Viwatchaichok
|
Tanaboon Kesarat
|
Grand Sport
|
Muang Thai Insurance (Domestic and ACL2) | List
|
| PT Prachuap | Sasom Pobprasert
|
Nattapon Malapun
|
Volt
|
PTG Energy | |
| Ratchaburi | Somchai Maiwilai (Interim)
|
Jakkaphan Kaewprom
|
Ego Sport
|
Chang | List
|
| Rayong | Jukkapant Punpee
|
Wasusiwakit Phusirit
|
YG
|
WHA Group | List
|
| Sukhothai | Aktaporn Chalitaporn
|
Piyarat Lajungreed
|
Kappa
|
Chang | List
|
| Uthai Thani | Miloš Joksić
|
Ricardo Santos
|
Kelme
|
GRC | List
|
Managerial changes
[edit]| Team | Outgoing manager | Manner of departure | Date of vacancy | Position in the table | Incoming manager | Date of appointment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buriram United | Emerson[1]
|
End of caretaker tenure | 26 May 2024 | Pre-season | Osmar Loss[2]
|
26 June 2024 |
| Ratchaburi | Carlos Peña
|
End of contract | Surapong Kongthep[3]
|
28 June 2024 | ||
| Rayong | Pipob On-Mo[4]
|
Signed by Chonburi | Carlos Eduardo Parreira[5]
|
15 June 2024 | ||
| Sukhothai |  Sugao Kambe
|
Mutual consent | 31 May 2024 | Aktaporn Chalitaporn[6]
|
2 June 2024 | |
| Chiangrai United | Gabriel Magalhães[7]
|
End of contract | 6 June 2024 | Xavi Moro[8]
|
1 July 2024 | |
| Muangthong United | Miloš Joksić[9]
|
Mutual consent | 23 June 2024 | Gino Lettieri[10]
|
6 July 2024 | |
| Uthai Thani | Jukkapant Punpee[11]
|
Sacked | 26 August 2024 | 15th | Miloš Joksić[12]
|
26 August 2024 |
| Khon Kaen United | Tana Chanabut[13]
|
Resigned | 31 August 2024 | 16th | Srdan Trailovic[14]
|
5 September 2024 |
| Nakhon Pathom United |  Akbar Nawas
|
Sacked | 6 September 2024 | 15th | Sirisak Yodyardthai[15]
|
11 September 2024 |
| Ratchaburi | Surapong Kongthep[16]
|
Resigned | 16 September 2024 | 8th | Somchai Maiwilai[17]
|
17 September 2024 |
| BG Pathum United | Makoto Teguramori[18]
|
Sacked | 8 October 2024 | 5th | Surachai Jaturapattarapong[19]
|
8 October 2024 |
| Rayong | Carlos Eduardo Parreira[20]
|
Sacked | 28 October 2024 | 13th | Prasit Taodee (Interim)
|
2 November 2024 |
| Port | Rangsan Viwatchaichok[21]
|
Resigned | 2 November 2024 | 3rd | Choketawee Promrut (Interim)
|
3 November 2024 |
| Rayong | Prasit Taodee (Interim)
|
End of interim spell | 11 November 2024 | 13th | Jukkapant Punpee[22]
|
11 November 2024 |
| Port | Choketawee Promrut (Interim)
|
End of interim spell | 11 November 2024 | 3rd | Rangsan Viwatchaichok[23]
|
11 November 2024 |
| Nakhon Pathom United | Sirisak Yodyardthai
|
Appointed as technical director | 16 November 2024 | 16th | Thongchai Sukkoki[24]
|
16 November 2024 |
Foreign players
[edit]Each team can register a maximum of nine foreign players, including a slot from the AFC and no more than three from the AFF.[25]
Players named in bold indicates the player was registered during the winter transfer window. Players named in italics indicates the player was de-registered or left their respective clubs during transfer window periods.
Dual citizenship/heritage players
[edit]- Players name in bold indicates the player was registered after the start of the season.
- Player's name in italics indicates Overseas Thai players whom have obtained a Thai passport and citizenship, are regarded as local players.
Notes:
League table
[edit]| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bangkok United | 13 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 28 | 14 | +14 | 30 | Qualification for AFC Champions League Elite League stage |
| 2 | Buriram United | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 28 | 4 | +24 | 24 | Qualification for AFC Champions League Two group stage |
| 3 | Port | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 23 | 13 | +10 | 22 | |
| 4 | BG Pathum United | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 22 | 15 | +7 | 22 | |
| 5 | PT Prachuap | 13 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 21 | 16 | +5 | 22 | |
| 6 | Sukhothai | 13 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 26 | 24 | +2 | 20 | |
| 7 | Uthai Thani | 13 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 17 | 16 | +1 | 18 | |
| 8 | Muangthong United | 11 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 14 | 10 | +4 | 17 | |
| 9 | Nakhon Ratchasima | 12 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 15 | −1 | 17 | |
| 10 | Ratchaburi | 13 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 23 | 20 | +3 | 16 | |
| 11 | Nongbua Pitchaya | 13 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 26 | 32 | −6 | 15 | |
| 12 | Lamphun Warriors | 12 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 19 | −4 | 13 | |
| 13 | Rayong | 13 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 13 | 25 | −12 | 12 | |
| 14 | Chiangrai United | 11 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 23 | −16 | 7 | Relegation to Thai League 2 |
| 15 | Khonkaen United | 13 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 22 | −16 | 7 | |
| 16 | Nakhon Pathom United | 12 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 24 | −15 | 5 |
Updated to match(es) played on 11 November 2024. Source: Thai League
Rules for classification: Season in progress: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; End of season: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Goals scored.
Rules for classification: Season in progress: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; End of season: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Goals scored.
Positions by round
[edit]The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included in the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 16.
| Leader and qualification to the 2025–26 AFC Champions League Elite | |
| Qualification to the 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two | |
| Relegation to the 2025–26 Thai League 2 |
Source: Thai League
Results by match played
[edit]Results
[edit]Season statistics
[edit]Top scorers
[edit]- As of 11 November 2024.[26]
Hat-tricks
[edit]| Player | For | Against | Result | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Marcus Haber |
Nongbua Pitchaya | Uthai Thani | 3–2 (H) | 21 September 2024 |
Clean sheets
[edit]- As of 11 November 2024.
Awards
[edit]Monthly awards
[edit]| Month | Coach of the Month | Player of the Month | Goal of the month | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coach | Club | Player | Club | Player | Club | ||
| August | Osmar Loss
|
Buriram United | Guilherme Bissoli
|
Buriram United | [27][28] | ||
| October | Totchtawan Sripan
|
Bangkok United | Phanthamit Praphanth
|
PT Prachuap | Pokklaw Anan
|
Bangkok United | [29] |
Attendances
[edit]Overall statistical table
[edit]| Pos | Team | Total | High | Low | Average | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buriram United | 94,185 | 25,093 | 15,282 | 18,837 | −8.9% |
| 2 | Nakhon Ratchasima | 46,194 | 10,211 | 7,820 | 9,239 | +63.2%† |
| 3 | BG Pathum United | 36,624 | 7,870 | 6,704 | 7,325 | −10.0% |
| 4 | Port | 33,180 | 6,250 | 4,076 | 5,530 | +22.6% |
| 5 | Khonkaen United | 35,855 | 6,237 | 2,246 | 4,482 | −2.5% |
| 6 | Rayong | 29,265 | 7,500 | 1,850 | 4,181 | +299.0%† |
| 7 | Muangthong United | 27,371 | 8,209 | 2,350 | 3,910 | −19.8% |
| 8 | Ratchaburi | 29,404 | 4,729 | 2,577 | 3,676 | +10.1% |
| 9 | Chiangrai United | 21,467 | 6,193 | 2,819 | 3,578 | −11.4% |
| 10 | PT Prachuap | 22,401 | 3,568 | 2,850 | 3,200 | +7.4% |
| 11 | Lamphun Warriors | 19,088 | 5,179 | 1,605 | 3,181 | +9.7% |
| 12 | Nongbua Pitchaya | 21,920 | 5,955 | 1,169 | 3,131 | +85.7%† |
| 13 | Uthai Thani | 11,444 | 3,459 | 2,611 | 2,861 | −2.1% |
| 14 | Nakhon Pathom United | 10,028 | 3,989 | 1,424 | 2,507 | −6.0% |
| 15 | Sukhothai | 15,451 | 5,037 | 1,507 | 2,207 | +0.9% |
| 16 | Bangkok United | 13,188 | 3,843 | 1,433 | 2,198 | −21.0% |
| League total | 468,915 | 25,093 | 1,169 | 4,785 | +1.9% |
Updated to games played on 11 November 2024
Source: Thai League
Notes:
†
Teams played previous season in Thai League 2
Attendances by home match played
[edit]| Team \ Match played | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangkok United | 2,004 | 2,181 | 2,051 | 1,433 | 1,676 | 3,843 | 13,188 | |||||||||
| BG Pathum United | 7,870 | 6,704 | 7,212 | 7,045 | 7,793 | 36,624 | ||||||||||
| Buriram United | 25,093 | 16,644 | 15,282 | 16,107 | 21,059 | 94,185 | ||||||||||
| Chiangrai United | 2,886 | 6,193 | 3,180 | 2,819 | 3,972 | 2,417 | 21,467 | |||||||||
| Khonkaen United | 4,347 | 4,813 | 6,167 | 6,237 | 2,246 | 3,847 | 4,226 | 3,972 | 35,855 | |||||||
| Lamphun Warriors | 5,179 | 4,097 | 2,542 | 2,155 | 1,605 | 3,510 | 19,088 | |||||||||
| Muangthong United | 4,711 | 3,145 | 3,417 | 2,526 | 8,209 | 3,013 | 2,350 | 27,371 | ||||||||
| Nakhon Pathom United | 3,989 | 2,329 | 1,424 | 2,286 | 10,028 | |||||||||||
| Nakhon Ratchasima | 10,021 | 10,010 | 10,211 | 7,820 | 8,132 | 46,194 | ||||||||||
| Nongbua Pitchaya | 5,955 | 2,191 | 4,375 | 2,015 | 3,710 | 1,169 | 2,505 | 21,920 | ||||||||
| Port | 6,250 | 4,076 | 6,250 | 6,250 | 4,104 | 6,250 | 33,180 | |||||||||
| PT Prachuap | 2,850 | 2,970 | 3,117 | 3,471 | 3,568 | 3,317 | 3,108 | 22,401 | ||||||||
| Ratchaburi | 4,430 | 3,327 | 4,675 | 4,729 | 3,471 | 3,278 | 2,917 | 2,577 | 29,404 | |||||||
| Rayong | 6,250 | 7,250 | 3,513 | 2,382 | 2,370 | 1,850 | 7,500 | 29,265 | ||||||||
| Sukhothai | 5,037 | 1,761 | 2,009 | 1,507 | 1,767 | 1,647 | 1,723 | 13,728 | ||||||||
| Uthai Thani | 2,611 | 3,459 | 2,647 | 2,727 | 11,444 |
Source: Thai League
See also
[edit]- 2024–25 Thai League 2
- 2024–25 Thai League 3
- Thailand Semi-Pro League
- 2025 Thailand Amateur League
- 2024–25 Thai FA Cup
- 2024–25 Thai League Cup
- 2024 Thailand Champions Cup
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ ""จอร์จินโญ" ลั่นไม่ใช่โค้ชของ "บุรีรัมย์" อีกต่อไป พร้อมเฉลยเหตุที่ไปต่อกันไม่ได้". 23 May 2024.
- ^ "บุรีรัมย์ ยูไนเต็ด ประกาศตั้ง ออสมาร์ ลอสส์ วิเอร่า นั่งกุนซือใหญ่". 26 June 2024.
- ^ "ทางการ! ราชบุรี เปิดตัว "โค้ชอั๋น-สุรพงษ์" นั่งกุนซือใหญ่คุมทัพ". Siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ ""พิภพ อ่อนโม้" กล่าวอำลา "ระยอง เอฟซี" อย่างเป็นทางการ หลังจากเสร็จสิ้นภารกิจพาทีมเลื่อนชั้นกลับสู่ T1 ได้สำเร็จในฤดูกาลหน้า…". 27 May 2024.
- ^ "ระยอง เอฟซี ตั้ง โค้ชคาร์ลอส คุมทัพลุยไทยลีก". 15 June 2024.
- ^ "สู่ยุคใหม่ "ค้างคาวไฟ" เปิดตัว "โค้ชโดนัท" กุมบังเหียน เน้นบอลสมัยใหม่ เร้าใจกองเชียร์". Thairath Sport (in Thai).
- ^ "สิงห์ เชียงรายฯ ไม่ต่อสัญญา "กาเบรียล มากัลเญส" รอหากุนซือใหม่คุมทัพ". Siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ ""บิ๊กฮั่น" เผย "ชาบี้ โมโร่" จะเข้ามาเป็นกุนซือใหม่ให้กับ "กว่าง"". Ball Thai (in Thai).
- ^ "ปิดฉากโค้ชคู่! เมืองทองแยกทาง 'มิลอส' เตรียมผ่าทีมใหม่". Goal.com (in Thai).
- ^ "ดีกรีเข้ม! เมืองทอง ตั้ง 'จิโน่ เล็ตติเอรี่' เป็นเฮดโค้ช". Siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "รอคอนเฟิร์ม! อุทัยธานี แยกทาง "โค้ชโบ้ " เตรียมตั้ง มิลอส โจซิค". Siamsport.co.th (in Thai).
- ^ "อุทัยธานี เอฟซี ตั้ง มิลอส ย็อคซิช เป็นเฮดโค้ชคนใหม่". ballthai.com (in Thai).
- ^ ""ขอนแก่น" ประกาศ "โค้ชแมน" ขอลาตำแหน่งเฮดโค้ช นั่งผู้ช่วยตามเดิม". ballthai.com (in Thai).
- ^ "ขอนแก่น ยูไนเต็ด ตั้ง 'เซอร์ยาน เทรโลวิช' คุมทัพ". trueid (in Thai).
- ^ ""โค้ชโต่ย" ไม่กดดันพา นครปฐม พ้นวิกฤต". Siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "รายที่ 4! โค้ชอั๋นประกาศลากุนซือราชบุรีหลังผลงานไม่เป็นตามเป้า". Siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "รายที่ 4! โค้ชอั๋นประกาศลากุนซือราชบุรีหลังผลงานไม่เป็นตามเป้า". Siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "บีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ประกาศปลด "เทกุ" พ้นตำแหน่งกุนซือ". pptv (in Thai).
- ^ "บีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ประกาศปลด "เทกุ" พ้นตำแหน่งกุนซือ". pptv (in Thai).
- ^ "ระยอง เอฟซี แยกทาง คาร์ลอส เอดูอาร์โด อย่างเป็นทางการ". siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "โค้ชอ้น ประกาศลากุนซือ การท่าเรือ หลังพาทีมไร้ชัย 3 นัดติด". siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "ระยอง ตั้ง โค้ชโบ้-จักรพันธ์ นั่งกุนซือใหม่ประเดิมคุมบู๊บุรีรัมย์". siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "โค้ชอ้น กลับมาคุมท่าเรืออีกครั้ง! รับภารกิจหนักพาทีมผ่านวิกฤต". siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "นครปฐม ยูไนเต็ด ดึง โค้ชธง กลับมาช่วยกู้วิกฤต". siamsport (in Thai).
- ^ "ไทยลีก แจ้งกำหนดวันเปิดฤดูกาล การแข่งขันฟุตบอลลีกอาชีพฤดูกาล 2566/67". Thaileague. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- ^ "Thai League Top Scorer". www.goal.com.
- ^ "กุนซือชาวบราซิลของ บุรีรัมย์ฯ คว้าโค้ชยอดเยี่ยมไทยลีก เดือนสิงหาคม". ballthai.com. 8 September 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- ^ "หัวหอกทัพปราสาทสายฟ้า ทำผลงานยอดเยี่ยมจนคว้าแข้งยอดเยี่ยม เดือนแรกของซีซั่น". ballthai.com. 8 September 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ ""โค้ชแบน" ซิวกุนซือยอดเยี่ยม ไทยลีก เดือนตุลาคม 67". ballthai.com. 16 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.