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Jihadist insurgency in Niger

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Jihadist insurgency in Niger
Part of the Islamist insurgency in the Sahel,
spillover of the Mali War,
and Boko Haram insurgency

The activity area of the IS-GS in Niger on 2021.
Date6 February 2015 – present
(9 years, 9 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Niger
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

 Niger

Supported by:
 Russia[1]
 France[2]
(2014–23)[3]
 United States[2]
(2013–24)[4]

Training:
 European Union
EUCAP Sahel Niger
(2012–24)
 Canada
Operation Naberius
(2013–24)[5]
 Belgium[6]
 Germany[7]
(2015–24)[8]
 Italy[7]

Jihadists:
Al-Qaeda

 Islamic State

Boko Haram (partially aligned with ISIL)
Commanders and leaders
Omar Tchiani (2023–present)
Niger Mohamed Bazoum (2021–2023)
Niger Mahamadou Issoufou (2016–2021)
Abdou Sidikou Issa (2023–present)
Salifou Modi (2020–2023)

al-Qaeda Iyad Ag Ghaly

Islamic State Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi  †
Islamic State Abdulaziz Mahwaz Al-Jamal
Islamic State Soumana Boura  †

Abubakar Shekau †

Abu Umaimata
Casualties and losses
5,000+ deaths,[9] circa 30,000 internally displaced[10]

Since 2015, the border area between Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger has been a hotbed for jihadist forces originating from Mali.[11] The insurgency has taken place in two distinct regions of Niger. In southwest, the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara and the Nusrat al-Islam have carried out attacks in the tri-border area with Burkina Faso and Mali. Meanwhile, in the southeast, the Islamic State in the West African Province has established control in parts of southern Niger.[11]

Weak governance in the Sahel has been attributed the expansion of violent extremism in the region. The region's stability has been significantly impacted by frequent transfers of power, exemplified by Niger experiencing a failed attempted coup in 2021[11] and a successful coup in 2023.[12][13]

Background

[edit]

Several major attacks occurred in Niger between the 2010s and 2020s.

Niger faces jihadist insurgencies both in its western regions (as a result of the spillover of the Mali War) and in its southeastern region (as a result of the spillover of the Boko Haram insurgency). The insurgency in the west of the country began with incursions in 2015 and intensified from 2017 onwards, with massacres carried out by groups affiliated with al-Qaeda and the so-called Islamic State. In its southeastern regions, nevertheless, Niger mainly fights Boko Haram insurgents.[14][15][16]

Timeline

[edit]

2019

[edit]

On 10 December 2019, a large group of fighters belonging to the IS-GS attacked a military post in Inates, Niger,[17] killing over seventy soldiers and kidnapping others.[18] The attack was the deadliest single incident Niger's military has ever experienced.[19]

2020

[edit]

On 9 January 2020, a large group of IS-GS militants assaulted a Nigerien military base at Chinagodrar, in Niger's Tillabéri Region. At least 89 Nigerien soldiers were confirmed to have been killed in the attack, with more casualties suspected, making it the worst attack on the army since the start of the insurgency.[20]

2021

[edit]

It is also the first year in which attacks were carried out with frequency in the country. Attacks were carried out every month of 2021.[21] The previous biggest attack in Niger against civilians was the 12 December 2020 Toumour attack, which resulted in 28 people killed. Both the December 2020 and January 2021 attacks were carried out during Niger's municipal and regional elections, while the February bombing specifically targeted members of the electoral commission.[22]

January

[edit]

On 2 January, the villages of Tchombangou (at 14°49′48″N 01°48′45″E / 14.83000°N 1.81250°E / 14.83000; 1.81250) and Zaroumdareye (at 14°54′21″N 01°46′36″E / 14.90583°N 1.77667°E / 14.90583; 1.77667), which are seven kilometers apart, were attacked by several militants. The attack initially left 79 people dead and 75 wounded. Of the deceased victims, 49 were killed in Tchombangou and 30 in Zaroumdareye. A day after the attack, 21 more people were found dead and others succumbed to their injuries on Tchombangou, bringing the total death toll to 100.[22] On 8 January, UN's High Commissioner for Refugees spokesman said that 73 people had been killed in the village of Tchouma Bangou and 32 in Zaroumdareye, making the total death toll 105.[23] The government of Niger dispatched soldiers to the border after the attacks. The attackers are Islamist militants who arrived in the villages while crossing the border from Mali.[24][25]

Sometime before the massacre, two Islamist militants who were seen in the area were killed by the local villagers. Those attacks are suspected to be in retaliation for those killings, according to the country's interior minister.[26]

February

[edit]

On 21 February, seven members of the electoral commission were killed, and three others injured in a landmine explosion in Tillabéri.[27] The attack was carried out on the same day of the presidential election's second round.[28]

March

[edit]

On 16 March, armed men on motorcycles attacked a convoy returning from a market in Banibangou by the Malian border to a nearby village in Southwestern Niger's Tillabéri Region, killing 58 people.[29]

On 21 March, militants riding motorbikes attacked Intazayene, Bakorat and Wistan, three villages in the Tahoua Region close to the Malian border, killing 137 people. The death toll would make the attack the deadliest committed by suspected jihadists in Niger's history.[30] Newly elected President Mohamed Bazoum condemned the attacks and declared three days of national mourning.[31][32][33]

On 24 March, at least 10 people were killed during attacks at two villages in the Tillabéri Region.[34]

April

[edit]

On 18 April, at least 19 civilians were killed and two wounded when armed men raided a village in Tillabéri Region.[35]

May

[edit]

On 3 May, a military patrol was ambushed in the Tahoua Region, resulting in the killing of 16 soldiers and the wounding of six more. It was the first attack against soldiers in the country[citation needed] since the beginning of the year.[36]

On 12 May, five villagers were killed and two more wounded after militants stormed the village of Fantio, in the Tillabéri region, during Eid al-Fitr celebrations.[37]

On 30 May, four civilians and four soldiers were killed during a raid carried out by Boko Haram militants in the town of Diffa, in the Diffa Region. The jihadists attacked the town in the late afternoon, riding in about 15 vehicles, but were pushed back by responding security forces during a long gunfight, in which six attackers were killed.[38]

June

[edit]

On 25 June, armed men attacked a village and nearby locations, killing a total of 19 civilians. Initially, the attackers stormed the Danga Zawne village, in the Tillabéri region, killing three people. They then attacked nearby farms, killing the other sixteen people.[39]

On 29 June, Boko Haram fighters opened fire on a bus along the road between Diffa and Maine Soroa, killing four civilians, including the bus driver, two villagers and a village chief; two more were wounded. The fighters then moved on another road and opened fire on a group of soldiers, wounding six of them. A gunfight erupted, and thirteen terrorists were killed.[40]

July

[edit]

On 2 July, around 100 heavily armed “terrorists” riding motorcycles attacked the Tchoma Bangou village, killing four civilians. Security forces responded to the attack, starting a gun battle, resulting in the death of five soldiers and 40 terrorists.[41]

On 25 July, fourteen people were killed and one more was wounded as gunmen stormed the village of Wiye. Nine of the victims are killed while working at fields.[42]

On 28 July, 19 civilians were killed and five more wounded as militants stormed the village of Deye Koukou in the Banibangou area, near the border with Mali.[43]

August

[edit]

On 1 August, Islamist militants ambushed and opened fire on a group of soldiers in Torodi, Tillabéri Region. As the soldiers were escaping and carried the wounded, a bomb exploded. Fifteen soldiers were killed in the attack, while six more are missing.[44]

On 16 August, gunmen on motorbikes stormed the village of Darey-Daye, Niger, opening fire against civilians while they were tending their fields, killing 37 people, including 14 children.[45]

On 20 August, gunmen opened fire against civilians who were praying at a mosque in the village of Theim, in the Tillaberi region, killing 16 people.[46]

On 25 August, hundreds of Boko Haram militants attacked a military post in Diffa, killing 16 soldiers and wounding nine others. In the ensuing gun battle, around 50 Islamist insurgents were killed.[47]

October

[edit]

On 11 October, ten people were killed and another was wounded when gunmen opened fire at a mosque in the village of Abankor.[48]

On 18 October, gunmen opened fire against a police station in Tillaberi, killing three policemen and wounding seven others.[49]

On 20 October, six members of Niger's national guard were killed and several others were wounded when gunmen ambushed a convoy carrying the prefect of Bankilare and his bodyguards, who escaped unharmed.[50]

November

[edit]

On 2 November, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS) gunmen attacked a delegation led by the mayor of Banibangou, killing 69 people. The mayor and the leader of a self-defence militia were among those killed.[51]

On 4 November, fifteen soldiers were killed as gunmen attacked a military outpost in the village of Anzourou.[52]

December

[edit]

On 5 December, hundreds of motorcycle-equipped rebels raided an international military base in Tillabéri, killing 29 soldiers. 79 of the invaders were killed.[53]

On 5 December, 12 Nigerien soldiers and dozens of terrorists were killed in a battle near Fantio.[54]

On 20 December, Soumana Boura, a leading member of the IS-GS, was killed by a French drone strike.[55]

2022

[edit]

February

[edit]

On 18 February, an air attack on Nachade, Maradi Region, killed seven children and wounded five others. Local media blamed Nigeria without providing evidence, and Nigeria said it was launching an investigation.[56]

On 20 February, at least 18 civilians were killed during an attack on their vehicle by armed men near the border with Mali.[57]

June

[edit]

On 16 June, around 40 terrorists were killed in a series of French drone strikes near the border with Burkina Faso.[58]

2023

[edit]

February

[edit]

On 10 February, at least 17 Nigerien soldiers were killed in the town of Intagamey.[59]

March

[edit]

On 10 March, Nigerien forces were attacked in the western town of Tiloa. In pursuit of the attackers, Nigerien forces entered the Hamakat area of Mali, where they killed 79 terrorists. No casualties were reported by Niger.[59]

From 13 to 19 March, Nigerien forces killed around 20 Boko Haram militants and arrested 83 others in an operation at the border with Nigeria.[60]

May

[edit]

On 7 May, seven Nigerien soldiers were killed after their vehicle ran over a landmine near the border with Burkina Faso.[61]

July

[edit]

In the first week of July, two leading members of the IS-GS were captured in a joint operation by Nigerien and French troops near the border with Burkina Faso.[62]

On 14 July, one police officer and four civilians were killed in an attack near the border with Burkina Faso. Two terrorists were also killed.[63]

On 26 July, a coup occurred when Mohamed Bazoum was detained in the Presidential Palace and Abdourahamane Tchiani proclaimed himself the leader of a military junta. This led to a national and international crisis.[64]

August

[edit]

On 17 August, suspected jihadists belonging to JNIM killed 17 Nigerien soldiers and injured 20 in an ambush near the town of Koutougou. Over 100 assailants were killed when they retreated. The ISSP also attacked three villages, killing at least 50 civilians.[65][66][67]

On 22 August, suspected Islamists killed 12 soldiers in Anzourou.[68]

October

[edit]

On 2 October, over 100 Islamists killed 29 Nigerien soldiers in Tabatol using IEDs and “kamikaze vehicles”. The attack left an additional two soldiers seriously wounded, while several dozen jihadists were allegedly killed.

From 15 to 16 October, six Nigerien soldiers were killed in a series of clashes with terrorists near Niger-Burkina Faso border, officials claimed that in the same clashes' terrorists suffered 31 fatalities.[69]

2024

[edit]

March

[edit]

2024 Tillabéri attack:- On 21 March, An attack by the IS-GS killed 23 Niger soldiers and wounded another 17 in Tillabéri Region,Niger. Militants numbering over 100 attacked at night while the soldiers were in a security mission. The attack also led to the death of about 30 militants.[70]

June

[edit]

On 23 June, the Niger army killed 9 IS-GS militants including a high ranking commander "Abdoulaye Souleymane Idouwal" and arrested another 31 militants in an operation in Tillabéri region.[71]

On 24 June, an attack by jihadist militants killed 20 Niger soldiers and one civilian in village of Tassia.A report by Niger army also stated that dozens of militants were killed in the attack and reinforcements were send to the village.[72]

July

[edit]

On 5 July, the Niger army killed more than 100 jihadists in ground and air operation as a response to the attack on 24 June which killed 20 Nigerien soldiers.[73]

On 23 July, a clash occutred between the Niger army and jihadists near the village of Foneko along the border with Burkina Faso resulting in the death of 15 soldiers with another 16 injured and three missing. 21 jihadists were also killed in the clash.[74]

August

[edit]

On August 3, the Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin movement took two Russian citizens hostage in Mbanga.[75]

September

[edit]

On September 20, multiple jihadist attacks in Niger killed 12 Niger soldiers and wounded 30 others, as a retaliation the Niger armed forces launched air and ground assault killing more than 100 jihadists.[76]

United States involvement

[edit]
Main article: American military intervention in Niger

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Russia to sign military cooperation deal with Niger, 10 August 2017
  2. ^ a b "Niger: war at the heart of west Africa". Financial Times. 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ "Last French troops leave Niger as military cooperation officially ends". reuters. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  4. ^ Copp, Tara; Lee, Matthew (18 March 2024). "US weighing options in Africa after Niger junta orders departure from key counterterrorism base". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  5. ^ Pugliese, David. "Canadian special forces pull out of Niger". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Niger coup: Belgium won't suspend development aid". Belga News Agency. Belga News Agency. 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Niger Parliament Votes in Favor of Foreign Troop Presence". VOA. 22 April 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  8. ^ "German army to abandon Niger airbase". Al-arabiya. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  9. ^ Niger conflict (2015-2023)
  10. ^ Niger Says 26,000 Displaced People in Southeast Are Now Home
  11. ^ a b c "Violent Extremism in the Sahel". Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
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  13. ^ "Soldiers announce coup in Niger – DW – 07/28/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  14. ^ "'No room for dialogue': How abuses by Niger's foreign-funded army derail its anti-jihadist fight". The New Humanitarian. 30 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Chad and Niger". SIPRI.
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  59. ^ a b "Niger's army entered Mali in hunt for 'terrorists': ministry". France 24. 25 March 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
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  61. ^ "Landmine Kills 7 Soldiers in Niger". VOA. 7 May 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
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  63. ^ "5 Killed in Suspected Jihadi Attack in Niger". VOA. 15 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  64. ^ 2023 Nigerien coup d'état
  65. ^ "More than a dozen Niger soldiers killed in attack near Mali border". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  66. ^ Habib, Gift (16 August 2023). "ECOWAS condemns killings of soldiers in Niger Republic". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  67. ^ "MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  68. ^ "Suspected jihadists kill 12 Niger troops: State TV". Citizen Digital. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
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  70. ^ "Several Nigerien soldiers killed in ambush near Burkina Faso, Mali border". France24. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
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  74. ^ "Niger Says at Least 15 Soldiers Killed Near Burkina Border". defencepost. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
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  76. ^ "At Least 12 Soldiers Killed in Niger Attacks: Army". defencepost. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
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