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Restoring per original research and WP:CLAIMED issues. The dissenting deputies were expelled from their parties, meaning they're no longer part of opposition parties
The claims are unequal in legitimacy and recognition, be it internal or external. According to the debate rules, Guaidó need to start the session. There are serious concerns regarding the quorum and Parra did not hold a nominal vote, so the votes in his favor cannot be confirmed. WP:TOOSOON also applies
Line 18: Line 18:
| before_election = [[Juan Guaidó]]
| before_election = [[Juan Guaidó]]
| before_party = [[Popular Will]]
| before_party = [[Popular Will]]
| after_election = {{small|Disputed between [[Luis Parra]] and [[Juan Guaido]]}}
| after_election = [[Juan Guaido]]
| after_party = {{small|Disputed between [[Justice First]] and [[Popular Will]]}}
| after_party = [[Popular Will]]
| title= President of the National Assembly
| title= President of the National Assembly
}}
}}

Revision as of 18:38, 6 January 2020

2020 Venezuelan National Assembly President Election
Sunday, 5 January 2020
 
Candidate Juan Guaidó Luis Parra
Party Popular Will Independent (previously Justice First)
President of the National Assembly before election

Juan Guaidó
Popular Will

Elected President of the National Assembly

Juan Guaido
Popular Will

The 2020 Venezuelan National Assembly Delegated Committee election was the process to be carried out in the ordinary session of January 5, in which 160 deputies elect the period 2020-2021 parliament's leadership: the president, the first and second vice president, the secretary and the deputy secretary. It is the last election of the IV legislature.

The election was disrupted and resulted in two competing claims for the Presidency of the National Assembly - one by Luis Parra political dissident from Justice First and one by Juan Guaidó from Popular Will.[1]

Luis Parra, a National Assembly deputy previously banned due to corruption charges, declared himself president of the National Assembly. The opposition reported that quorum was not achieved and no votes were counted.[2]

Police forces blocked the access to parliament to opposition members and media. A separate session was carried out outside parliament were 100 of the 167 deputies re-elected Juan Guaidó as president of the parliament.[2]

In 2019, nearly 60 countries recognized Guaidó as the Acting President of Venezuela, and these countries potentially face the question of recognizing his successor and their government over Maduro.[3]

Voting system

Article 194 of the Venezuelan Constitution reads:[4]

Distance voting

On 17 December 2019, the National Assembly approved the modification of the Interior and Debate Regulations, specifically section 4, article 13 and articles 43 and 56, so that deputies who are exiled can vote from their country of residence.[5][6][7] The proposal, presented by Democratic Action deputy Dennis Fernández and approved by 93 deputies, includes the admission of information and communication technologies (ICT) to guarantee the quorum and the discussions. The deputies of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela withdrew from the session and did not vote. They were joined by deputies José Brito, Conrado Pérez and Luis Parra, all former militants, representing Primero Justicia. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice declared the modification void, since, according to Juan José Mendoza, president of the Constituent National Assembly, the reform has no "legal effect" when it would "collide" with the provisions of the Constitution.[8] The opposition reported that the system would be used anyway.[3]

Predictions

The president of the National Assembly Juan Guaidó announced he would run for re-election at the parliament headquarters, among doubts about whether he will get the necessary votes (84).[9][10][11][12] Guaidó received support in his re-election as president from 27 political parties, including those with parliamentary representation: Encuentro Ciudadano,[13] Voluntad Popular,[14] Acción Democrática,[15] Un Nuevo Tiempo,[16] Primero Justicia,[16] La Causa R[17] and a faction of Copei.[18]

Guaidó assured that he had enough votes for his reelection, even without needed the distance vote from thirty deputies abroad or in hiding, citing that modification of the internal and debate rules was approved with 93 votes, more than the 84 needed.[19]

The 16 de Julio (16 July) group, made up of Vente Venezuela and Convergencia, led by deputy Biagio Pilieri [es], did not offer details on who they would vote for in the 5 January election. They said they would respect the February 2016 governance agreement, which says that the presidency of the National Assembly would correspond to minority parties.[20]

Events leading to the election

Operation Scorpion

See also: es:Operación Alacrán
Bolivarian National Guard blocking the vicinity of the National Assembly of Venezuela

The Venezuelan opposition alleged that they were targeted by what they described as a "campaign of bribery and intimidation" by Nicolás Maduro's government in December 2019. Opposition deputies, in parties led or allied with Guaidó, were reportedly being offered up to $1 million to not vote for him.[3] Luis Parra and other opposition deputies were removed from their parties following allegations that they were being bribed by Maduro.[21] National Assembly deputies Ismael León and Luis Stefanelli directly accused Parra in December 2019 of attempting to bribe deputies to vote against Guaidó.[22] Parra denied the allegations and said he was open to being investigated for corruption.[21] Weeks prior to his investigation, Parra openly shared support for Guaidó and promoted his protest movement.[22]

On 3 January 2020, a Caracas-based analyst stated that Maduro had allegedly managed to cause 14 deputies to not cast a vote for Guaidó through these tactics. Guaidó theoretically controlled 112 seats in the Assembly at the time, needing 84 votes to win.[3]

Arrest and indictments

Additionally, the deputy Juan Requesens, who has been detained as a political prisoner since August 2018, had visitation rights removed for the day of the election, according to his sister Rafaela.[23] In December 2019, deputy Gilber Caro was also arrested with no charges.[24]

Events and contested results

Raid of deputies' hotel

In the early morning of 5 January, members of the police and intelligence service raided the hotel Paseo Las Mercedes. Many opposition deputies were staying here. Armed respondents to the raid found explosive devices planted around the hotel.[25]

Blockade of the Parliament

Guaidó and deputies loyal to Guaidó were blocked from entering the Palacio Federal Legislativo by the Bolivarian National Guard.[26][27] Guaidó tried to climb over a fence surrounding the building, but was pushed back by members of the National Guard. The BBC also reports that some members of the opposition loyal to Guaidó did manage to enter the building, where violence broke out between them, the dissident opposition, and deputies loyal to Maduro.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). Franklyn Duarte was named vice president and José Goyo Noriega was named second vice president of the National Assembly. Negal Morales was named secretary of the National Assembly.[27]

The government of Nicolás Maduro government reported through Telesur that 140 of 167 National Assembly deputies voted in favor of Parra.[28] In a hurried public speech, Maduro proclaimed that Parra was the new president of the National Assembly[29] and that "the National Assembly has made a decision".[30] Regarding the controversy of the opposition attempting to enter the Palacio Federal Legislativo , Maduro said "if the failed Guaidó did not want to enter it was because he did not have the votes", dismissing that Guaidó and his supporters were prevented from entering.[30] Parra told state media that they started the session before Guaidó arrived, which is why he was not there.[31]

The opposition reports that the election did not achieve quorum, and that Parra declared himself president without any votes counted.[26]

Opposition election

After being blocked from entering the Palacio Federal Legislativo, Guaidó announced that a separate session of the National Assembly was to take place at the headquarters of El Nacional, a Venezuelan newspaper.[32] National Assembly deputies signed their names on an attendance list upon entering the facility.[33] At the session, Guaidó was renamed that president of the National Assembly and had 111 total votes from deputies with 100 approving of Guaidó remaining president.[34][35] Guaidó chose Juan Pablo Guanipa and Carlos Berrizbeitia as first and second vice-presidents.[36] taking oath at the scene.[31]

Media censorship

See also: Censorship and media control during the Venezuelan presidential crisis

State communications service CANTV reportedly blocked access to social media sites Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube on the day of the election. Block tracking website NetBlocks reported that the block began as the National Assembly session did, criticizing this.[25]

International reactions

Supranational bodies

  •  European Union: Peter Stano, European Union Foreign Affairs and Security Policy spokesperson, catalogued the "irregularities" as "not acceptable" and "not compatible" with Venezuelan law. Stano reaffirmed European Union's recognition to Juan Guaidó as the legitimate president of the National Assembly.[37]
  • Lima Group: The Lima Group (except for Argentina and Mexico) backed Juan Guaidó re-election and condemned the "“force and intimidation tactics” against the deputies.[38]
  •  OAS: The General Secretariat welcomed the re-election of the "interim President and President of the National Assembly Juan Guaidó" and "reiterates its condemnation of the fraudulent attempt to strip Juan Guaidó, with the use of violence and intimidation, of his powers as interim President of Venezuela and President of the National Assembly of the country."[39]

Governments

  •  Argentina: Foreign Minister Felipe Solá tweeted "Forcibly preventing the functioning of the national assembly means condemning oneself to international isolation".[40]
  •  Brazil: Foreign Minister Ernesto Araújo, accused Maduro of forcefully preventing Guaidó's re-election and tweeted "Brazil will not recognize any outcome of this violence and this affront to democracy".[40]
  •  Mexico: Mexico foreign ministry urged "Venezuela" to democratically decide the leadership of the National Assembly "in accordance with the constitution".[41]
  •  Russia: Russian foreign ministry considered the "new leadership of parliament to be the result of a legitimate democratic procedure conducive to the return of the Venezuelan political struggle to the constitutional field".[42]
  •  United States: US secretary Mike Pompeo congratulated Juan Guaidó's re-election and condemned "the failed efforts of the former Maduro regime to negate the will of the democratically elected National Assembly".[43]

References

  1. ^ "Two Venezuela lawmakers declare themselves Speaker". 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  2. ^ a b Sánchez, Fabiola (5 January 2020). "Guaidó blocked from congress as Venezuelan conflict deepens". Associated Press. Retrieved 2020-01-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ a b c d Wyss, Jim; Delgado, Antonio Maria (3 January 2020). "Will Venezuela's 'Operation Scorpion' sting Guaidó in Sunday's key election?". Miami Herald. Retrieved 5 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (PDF). 20 February 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  5. ^ "Asamblea Nacional aprueba voto a distancia de los diputados perseguidos para defender la decisión expresada en la mayoría parlamentaria electa". Asamblea Nacional (in Spanish). 17 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  6. ^ "AN aprobó modificación del Reglamento de Interior y Debate". El Universal (in Spanish). 17 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  7. ^ "Oposición reformó Reglamento de la AN y facilita voto virtual". cronica.uno. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  8. ^ "TSJ se valió de imprecisiones para declarar nula reforma del Reglamento de la AN". TalCual (in Spanish). 19 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  9. ^ "Guaido sobre su reelección en la Asamblea Nacional: "Tenemos esos votos"". diariolasamericas.com (in European Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  10. ^ "Guaidó aseguró tener suficientes votos para la reelección al Parlamento". El Universal (in Spanish). 26 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  11. ^ "Guaidó amarra los votos para su reelección como presidente de la Asamblea Nacional". cronica.uno. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  12. ^ Nacional, El (26 December 2019). "LVL: El escenario del 2020 para el parlamento es la reelección de Guaidó". EL NACIONAL (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  13. ^ "Guaidó reiteró llamado a la unión y a dejar de lado las diferencias". Panorama (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  14. ^ "Directiva de la AN 2020 reforzará el eje Voluntad Popular–Primero Justicia". Panorama (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  15. ^ "Ramos Allup:". www.noticierovenevision.net. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  16. ^ a b Moleiro, Alonso (27 December 2019). "El chavismo lanza una ofensiva para frustrar la reelección de Guaidó como presidente del Parlamento" (in Spanish). El País. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  17. ^ "Causa R apoya que Guaidó continúe como presidente de la AN durante el 2020". El Universal (in Spanish). 9 September 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  18. ^ "27 partidos políticos apoyan ratificación de Guaidó como presidente de la AN en 2020". TalCual (in Spanish). 10 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  19. ^ Vinogradoff, Ludmila (25 December 2019). "Juan Guaidó: "Tenemos muchos más votos de los necesarios para mi reelección"". ABC. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  20. ^ "Biagio Pilieri: "Hay que ir a la ruta de la fuerza para deponer a Maduro"". PanAm Post (in Spanish). 15 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  21. ^ a b "Luis Parra aclaró los motivos de su viaje a países europeos en abril junto con otros diputados". El Nacional (in Spanish). 2019-12-04. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ^ a b Pitazo, Redacción El (2019-12-23). "CLAVES | Luis Parra: la bisagra en el mecanismo de traición a Guaidó". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-01-05.
  23. ^ "Sebin suspende visitas a Juan Requesens del 5E: Rafaela Requesens - Noticiero Digital". www.noticierodigital.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
  24. ^ "Venezuela opposition pushes to re-elect Guaido as congress chief". Reuters. 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
  25. ^ a b "Cantv bloquea las redes sociales para censurar la Asamblea Nacional". EL NACIONAL (in Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ a b "Guaidó rival declares himself Venezuela Speaker". BBC. 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ a b "Golpe del régimen de Maduro: Bloqueó el ingreso de la oposición a la AN e instaló a Luis Parra como su presidente". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Luis Eduardo Parra has been elected president of #Venezuela's National Assembly with 140 legitimate votes". Telesur. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ "Maduro reconoció a Luis Parra como "presidente" de la Asamblea Nacional". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ a b "Maduro insultó el criterio de los venezolanos y afirmó que "en la AN decidió la oposición"". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :15 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ "Guaidó anunció que la AN se instalará legalmente en la sede de El Nacional #5Ene". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ "Diputados firman lista de asistencia para la sesión de la AN en la sede de El Nacional #5Ene (Fotos)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ "Guaidó superó la arremetida chavista y fue reelegido como presidente de la Asamblea Nacional". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ Sánchez, Fabiola (5 January 2020). "Guaidó blocked from congress as Venezuelan conflict deepens". Associated Press. Retrieved 2020-01-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ Leon, Ibis (6 January 2020). "5 de enero, el día que la Asamblea Nacional tuvo dos presidentes". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-01-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  37. ^ "Venezuela: Statement by the spokesperson on the events in the National Assembly". EEAS - European External Action Service - European Commission. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  38. ^ "Lima Group backs Guaido re-election as Venezuela's Congress splits". Reuters. 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  39. ^ OAS (2009-08-01). "OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development". www.oas.org. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  40. ^ a b correspondent, Tom Phillips Latin America (2020-01-06). "Maduro accused of parliamentary 'coup' after replacing Guaidó as president of assembly". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-01-06. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  41. ^ "Mexico urges Venezuela to democratically elect leadership of national assembly". Reuters. 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  42. ^ "Russia says election of new parliament leader in Venezuela was democratic". Reuters. 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  43. ^ Long, Gideon (5 January 2020). "Juan Guaidó ousted in chaotic Venezuelan parliamentary vote". Financial Times. Retrieved 2020-01-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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